Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

أَصُلَ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. أَصَالَةٌ; (TA;) or أَصِلَ; (M;) It (a thing, M) had, or came to have, root, or a foundation; (M, Ḳ;) as alsoتأصّل↓: (M:) or it was, or became, firm, or established, and firmly rooted or founded; as alsoتأصّل↓: (Ḳ:) and [in like manner] استأصل↓ it (a thing) was, or became, firm in its root or foundation, and strong. (Mṣb.) You say,اِسْتَأْصَلَتِ↓ الشَجَرَةُ The tree [took root; or] grew, and became firm in its root. (TA.)

[Hence,] أَصُلَ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (Ṣ, M,) He (a man, Ṣ,* M) was, or became, firm, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) or sound, (Ṣ,) of judgment; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) intelligent. (M: [and so, probably, in correct copies of the Ḳ; but in a MṢ. copy of the Ḳ and in the CK; and TA, instead of عَاقِل, the reading in the M, I find عَاقِب.])

Also, (Ṣ,* Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (Ṣ, TA,) It (judgment, or opinion,) was, or became, firm, or sound, (Ṣ,* TA,) or good. (Ḳ.)

And, inf. n. as above, It (a thing) was, or became, eminent, noble, or honourable. (Mṣb.)

أَصَلَهُ, [aor. and inf. n. as in what follows next after this sentence,] He hit, or struck, its root, or foundation; that by being which it was what it was, or in being which it consisted; or its ultimate constituent. (A, TA.)

And hence, (A, TA,) أَصَلَهُ عِلْمًا, (A, Ḳ, TA,) aor. ـُ {يَأْصُلُ}, inf. n. أَصْلٌ: (TA;) orآصَلَهُ↓ [with medd, (which I think to be a mistake, unless this be a dial. var.,) and without علما]; (so in a copy of the M;) † He knew it completely, or thoroughly, or superlatively well, syn. قَتَلَهُ, (Ḳ,) [i. e.] قَتَلَهُ عِلْمًا, so that he was acquainted with its أَصْل [or root, or foundation, or its ultimate constituent, as is indicated in the A and TA]: (M:) or this is from أَصَلَةٌ, as meaning “a certain very deadly serpent;” (A, TA;) [whence the phrase,]

أَصَلَتْهُ الأَصَلَةُ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. أَصْلٌ, (TA,) The [serpent called] اصلة sprang upon him (Ḳ, TA) and slew him. (TA.)

أَصِلَ, aor. ـَ {يَأْصَلُ}, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. أَصَلٌ, (M,) said of water, i. q. أَسِنَ; (M, Ḳ;) i. e. It became altered for the worse (M, TA) in its taste and odour, (TA,) from fetid black mud (Ḳ, TA) therein: so says Ibn-ʼAbbád: (TA:) and said of flesh-meat, it became altered (Ḳ, TA) in like manner. (TA.)

أَصِلَ فُلَانٌ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا وَكَذَا Such a one set about, or commenced, doing thus and thus, or such and such things. (TA.)

أصلّهُ, inf. n. تَأْصِيلٌ, He made it to have a firm, or fixed, root, or foundation, whereon to build, (Mṣb, TA,) i. e., whereon another thing might be built. (El-Munáwee, TA.) [Hence,] أصّل مَالَهُ i. q. أَثَّلَهُ [He made his wealth, or property, to have root, or a foundation; or to become firm, or established, and firmly rooted or founded: see, below, أَصْلُ مَالٍ, and مَالٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ]. (M and Ḳ in art. اثل.)

أصّل الأُصُولَ [He disposed, arranged, distributed, classified, or set in order, the fundamentals, fundamental articles, principles, elements, or rudiments, of a science, &c.,] is a phrase similar to بَوَّبَ الأَبْوَابَ and رَتَّبَ الرُّتَبَ. (TA.)

آصل, (inf. n. إِيصَالٌ, TA,) He entered upon the time called أَصِيل, q. v. (Ṣ, M, Ḳ.)

See also أَصَلَهُ عِلْمًا.

استأصل: see 1, in two places, first and second sentences.

استأصلهُ He uprooted it; unrooted it; eradicated it; extirpated it; pulled it up, or out, or off, from its root, or foundation, or lowest part, (Ṣ, TA,) or with its roots, or foundations, or lowest parts;; (TA;) he cut it off (M, Mṣb) from its root, or lowest part, (M,) or with its roots, or lowest parts. (Mṣb.) You say, اِسْتَأْصَلَ ٱللّٰهُ شَأْفَتَهُمْ, a precative phrase, meaning May God [extirpate or] remove (from them) their شأفة; which is an ulcer, or a purulent pustule, that comes forth in the foot, and is cauterized, and in consequence goes away: (M:) or استأصل شأفتهم [in general usage] means he extirpated them, or may he extirpate them; or he cut off, or may he cut off, the last remaining of them. (TA. [See also art. شأف.]) And استأصل القَوْمَ, i. e. قَطَعَ أَصْلَهُمْ [He cut off the root, race, or stock, of the people; i. e. he extirpated them]. (M.) And استأصل ٱللّٰهُ الكُفَّارَ God destroyed altogether or entirely, or may God destroy altogether or entirely, the unbelievers. (Mṣb.) And استأصل الخِتَانَ He performed the circumcision so as to remove the prepuce utterly. (TA in art. سحت.)

أَصْلٌ The lower, or lowest, part of a thing; [i. e. its root, bottom, or foot;] (M, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoيَأْصُولٌ↓: (M, Ḳ:) so of a mountain: and of a wall; (TA;) i. e. its foundation, or base: (Mṣb:) and of a tree [or plant]; (TA;) i. e. [its stem, or trunk, or stock, or] the part from which the branches are broken off: (TA in art. كسر:) [and also its root, or foot; for] the سَاق of a tree is said to be the part between its أَصْل and the place where its branches shoot out: (TA in art. سوق:) [and a stump of a tree: and hence, a block of wood: (see exs. voce نَقِيرٌ:)] pl. أُصُولٌ (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ) and [pl. of pauc.] آصُلٌ: (AḤn, Ḳ:) [ISd says that] the former is its only pl.: (M:) [but] the latter pl. occurs in a verse of Lebeed, (which see below,) as cited by AḤn. (TA.) You say, قَعَدَ فِى أَصْلِ جَبَلِ He sat upon, or at, the lowest part [&c.] of the mountain; and فِى أَصْلِ الحَائِطِ at the lowest part [&c.] of the wall. (TA.) And قَلَعَهُ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ [He pulled it up, or out, or off, from its root, or foundation, or lowest part]; and بأُصُولِهِ [with its roots, or foundations, or lowest parts; both meaning, utterly, entirely, or altogether]. (TA in explanation of استأصلهُ, q. v.) And قَلَعَ أَصْلَ الشَّجَرَةِ He pulled up, or out, the lowest part, [or stem or stock or root or foot or stump,] of the tree. (TA.) Lebeed says, [of a wild cow,]

* تَجْتَافُ آصُلَ قَالِصٍ مُتَنَبِّذٍ *

* بِعُجُوبِ أَنْقَآءٍ يَمِيلُ هَيَامُهَا *

[She enters into the midst of the stems of trees with high branches, apart from others, i. e. from other trees, in the hinder parts of sand-hills, the fine loose sand thereof inclining upon her]: (AḤn, TA:) but as some relate it, أَصْلًا قَالِصًا. (TA. [See EM, p. 161.])

A thing upon which another thing is built or founded [either properly or tropically]: (KT, Kull p. 50, TA:) the foundation, or basis, of a thing, [either properly or tropically,] which being imagined to be taken away, or abstracted, by its being taken away, or abstracted, the rest thereof becomes also taken away, or abstracted: (Er-Rághib, TA:) that upon which the existence of anything rests [or depends]; so the father is اصل to the offspring, and the river is اصل to the streamlet that branches off from it: (Mṣb:) or a thing upon which another thing depends as a branch; as the father in relation to the son: (Kull:) [i. e. the origin, source, beginning, or commencement, of a thing: the origin, original, root, race, or stock, from which a man springs. Hence شَىْءٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ A thing having root, or a foundation; and consequently, having rootedness, fixedness, im- mobility, stability, or permanence; rooted, fixed, immoveable, stable, or permanent. Whence,] مَالٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ, (Mgh voce عَقَارٌ,) and مِلْكٌ ثَابِتٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ, (Mṣb in explanation of that word,) and مَا لَهُ أَصْلٌ, (KT in explanation of the same,) [Real, or immoveable, property;] property such as consists in a house or land yielding a revenue; (Mgh;) or such as a house and palm-trees; (Mṣb;) or such as land and a house. (KT.) [Hence, also, أَصْلٌ مَالٍ signifying A source of wealth or profit; a stock, fund, capital, or principal. You say,] اِتَّخَذْتُهُ لِنَفْسِى أَصْلَ مَالٍلِلنَّسْلِ لَا لِلِتِّجَارَةِ [I took it for myself as a source of wealth or profit, for breeding, not for traffic]. (Mgh in art. قنو.) You say also, بَاعَ أَصْلَ أَرْضِهِ [meaning He sold the fundamental property, i. e. the property itself, of his land]. (Ṣ voce عِكْرٌ.) [See also an ex. in conjugation 4 in art. بقَى: and another in the first paragraph {1} of art. حبس.] And أَخَذَهُ بِأَصْلِهِ [He took it as it were with its root, or the like; meaning, entirely]. (Ḳ. [See أَصِيلَةٌ.]) And قَطَعَ أَصْلَهُمْ [He cut off their root, race, or stock; i. e. he extirpated them]. (M.) And فُلَانٌ فِى أَصْلِ صِدْقِ, (Ṣ and L in art. ضنأ,) and فِى أَصْلِ سُوْءٍ, (L ibid.,) Such a one is of an excel-lent origin, or race, or stock, (Ṣ, L,) and of a bad origin, or race, or stock; (L;) اصل being here syn. with ضِنْء (Ṣ, L) and مَعْدِن. (Ṣ.) And فُلَانٌ فِى أَصْلِ الكَرَمِ Such a one is of [a race] the source of generosity, or nobleness; اصل being here syn. with بُؤْبُؤ. (Ṣ in art. بأ.) And لَا أَصْلَ لَهُ وَلَا فَصْلَ He has no حَسَب [i. e. grounds of pretension to respect or honour; or rank, or nobility, or the like]; nor tongue [i. e. eloquence]: (Ks, Ṣ, O, Mṣb:) or he has no intellect, (IAạr, Mṣb, El-Munáwee,) nor eloquence: (El-Munáwee, TA:) or he has no lineage, nor tongue: (L:) or he has no father, nor child: (Kull p. 53:) [or he has no known stock nor branch; for] فَصْلٌ is the contr. of أَصْلٌ, and in relationship signifies a branch. (Mṣb in art. فصل.) You say also, مَا فَعَلْتُهُ أَصْلًا, meaning I have not done it ever; and I will not do it ever; the last word being in the accus. case as an adverbial noun; i. e. I have not done it at any time; and I will not do it at any time. (Mṣb, El-Munáwee, TA.)

[It also signifies The original, or elemental, matter, material, substance, or part, of a thing; syn. with عُنْصُرٌ;] that from which a thing is taken [or made]. (KT voce دَاخِلٌ.)

[The fundamental, or essential, part of a thing. Hence, sing. of أُصُولٌ as signifying The fundamentals, fundamental articles or dogmas, principles, elements, or rudiments, of a science, &c. Whence,] عِلْمُ الأُصُولِ, (TA,) [meaning] عِلْمُ أُصُولِ الدِّينِ [The science of the fundamentals, fundamental articles or dogmas, or principles, of religion; the science of theology, or divinity; according to the system of the Muslims, as distinguished from that of the philosophers;] the science of the articles, or tenets, of belief; also called الفِقْهُ الأَكْبَرُ; (Kull. voce فِقْه;) and [more commonly] عِلْمُ الكَلَامِ. (Ḥájjee Khaleefeh.) [See also 2.]

A radical (as opposed to an augmentative) letter; as being an essential element of a word. (The Lexicons passim.)

The original form of a word. (The same passim.)

The original, or primary, signification of a word. (The same passim.)

An original copy of a book: and a copy of a book from which one quotes, or transcribes, any portion. (TA, &c., passim.)

[The original, or primary, state, or condition: or] the old state, or condition. (Kull p. 50.) You say, الأَصْلُ فِى الأَشْيَآءِ الإِبَاحَةُ وَالطَّهَارَةُ The old state, or condition, of things is that of being allowable, or lawful, and that of being pure, or clean. (Kull ubi suprà.) And رَجَعَتْ إِلَى أَصْلِهَا She returned, or reverted, [to her original, or old, state, or condition; or to her natural disposition;] to a natural disposition which she had relinquished. (Ṣ voce عِتْرٌ.)

[The utmost point, or degree, to which a person, or thing, can go, or be brought or reduced: and, app., the utmost that one can do. Hence the saying,] لَأَضْطَرَّنَّكَ إِلَى أَصْلِكَ [I will assuredly impel thee, or drive thee, against thy will, to the utmost point to which thou canst go, or be brought or reduced: or, constrain thee to do thine utmost]. (IAạr in L, art. قح [where it is given in explanation of the phrases لَأَضْطَرَّنَّكَ and قُحَاحِكَ; and so in the T in art. تر in explanation of the former of these two phrases; which is said in the M, in art. تر, to mean I will assuredly make thee to have recourse to thine utmost effort, or endeavour; and in the L in art. قح this is given as another explanation of the latter of the same two phrases. See also the saying, لَأُلْجِئَنَّكَ إِلَى قُرِّ قَرَارِكَ, explained voce قَرَارٌ.])

[That by being which a thing is what it is, or in being which it consists; or its ultimate constituent; syn. حَقِيقَةٌ; a meaning well known; and indicated, in the A and TA, by the coupling of حَقِيقَة with أَصْل, evidently as an explicative adjunct.]

[The prime of a thing; the principal, purest, best, or choicest, part thereof; what is, or constitutes, the most essential part thereof; its very essence. Hence,] أَصْلُ دَارٍ [The principal part of a country]; (Aṣ, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, voce عَقْرٌ;) [which is] the place where the people dwell, or abide. (As and Ṣ ibid. [See عَقْرٌ.]) And أَصْلٌ قَوْمٍ [The principal place of abode of a people]. (Ṣ and Ḳ voce بَيْضَةٌ. [See this word.]) And هُوَ فِى أَصْلِ قَوْمِهِ He is of the prime, or of the purest in race, the best, or the choicest, of his people; i. q. صُيَّابَتِهِمْ, and صُيَّابِهِمْ. (TA in art. صيب.)

What is most fit, or proper: as when one says, الأَصْلُ فِى الإِنْسَانِ العِلْمُ [What is most fit, or proper, in man, is knowledge]; i. e., knowledge is more fit, or proper, than ignorance: and الأَصْلُ فِى المُبْتَدَإِ التَّقْدِيمُ What is [most] fit, or proper, in the case of the inchoative, is the putting [it] before [the enunciative], whenever there is no obstacle. (Kull p.50.)

What is preponderant in relation to what is preponderated: as, in language, the word used in its proper sense [in relation to that used in a tropical sense]. (Kull ibid.)

What is [essential, or] requisite, or needful: as when one says الأَصْلُ فِى الحَيَوَانِ الغِذَآءُ [What is essential, or requisite, or needful, in the case of the animal, is food]. (Kull ibid.)

A [primary, or] universal, or general, rule, or canon. (Kull ibid.)

An indication, an evidence, or a proof, in relation to that which is indicated, or evidenced, or proved. (Kull ibid.)

أَصِلٌ, (Ḳ,) orأَصِيلٌ↓, (M,) i. q. مُسْتَأْصِلٌ↓. (M, Ḳ.) You say قَلْعٌ أَصِلٌ Eradicating, or extirpating, evulsion: (TA:) orقَطْعٌ أَصِيلٌ↓ extirpating excision. (M.)

أُصُلٌ, said by some to be a pl., and by others to be a dial. var., of أَصِيلٌ: see the latter word, in two places.

أَصَلَةٌ: see أَصِيلَةٌ.

Also A kind of serpent, the most malignant, or noxious, of serpents: (Ṣ:) or a serpent, (M, Ḳ,) short, (M, [where, in the only copy to which I have access, I find added, كَالرِئَةِ, app. a mistranscription, for كَالرُّمَّةِ, like the fragment of a rope,]) or small, (Ḳ,) red, but not intensely red, (M,) very deadly, of the most malignant, or noxious, kind, (TA,) having one leg, upon which it stands, (M, TA,) then turns round, then springs, (TA,) that springs upon a man, and blows, killing everything upon which it blows: (M:) or, as some say, a great serpent, (M, Ḳ,) that kills by its blowing: (Ḳ:) or one of the very crafty kinds of serpents, short and broad, said to be like the shaft of an arrow, and it springs upon the horseman: (Mṣb:) pl. أَصَلٌ↓, (Ṣ, M. Mṣb, Ḳ,) [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] and [pl. of pauc.] آصَالٌ. (Mṣb.)

[Hence, app.,] † Short and broad: applied to a man and to a woman. (TA.)

أَصْلِىٌّ [Radical; fundamental; primitive; original; underived: an epithet of extensive application; and particularly applied to a letter of a word, as opposed to augmentative; and to a signification]. (The Lexicons, &c. passim.)

أَصْلِيَّةٌ [The quality denoted by the epithet أَصْلِىٌّ; radicalness,, &c.:] a term used by IJ [and others] in the place of تَأَصُّلٌ: see 5. (M.)

أَصِيلٌ [Having root, or a foundation; and consequently, having rootedness, fixedness, immobility, stability, or permanence; rooted, fixed, immoveable, stable, or permanent]. You say, إِنَّ النَّخْلَ فِى أَرْضِنَا لَأَصِيلٌ Verily the palm-trees in our land remain permanently, not perishing. (A, TA.)

A man having أَصْل, (Ḳ, TA,) i. e., lincage, or pedigree: (TA:) or established in his أَصْل: (Abu-l-Baḳà, TA:) or noble, or generous. (Mṣb.)

A man firm of judgment, and intelligent. (M, Ḳ.* [Accord. to the copies of the latter, the signification is عَاقِبٌ ثَابِتُ الرَّأْىِ: but I think that the right reading of the first word is عَاقِلٌ, as in the M, in which this word occupies the last place in the explanation.]) And أَصِيلُ الرَّأْىِ A man firm, or sound, of judgment. (Ṣ.) And رَأْىٌ أَصِيلٌ Judgment having أَصْل [i. e. firmness]. (M.) And مَجْدٌ أَصِيلٌ Glory, honour, dignity, or nobility, having a firm root or foundation. (Ṣ.) And شَرٌّ أَصِيلٌ Vehement evil or mischief. (Ibn-ʼAbbád.)

See also أَصِلٌ, in two places.

[Hence, app.,] الأَصِيلُ Destruction: and death: as also, in both senses, الأَصِيلَةُ↓. (Ḳ.)

[The evening; or] i. q. عَشِىٌّ; (M, Ḳ, Mṣb, TA;) i. e. (Mṣb, TA) the time from the عَصْر, (Ṣ, TA,) from the prayer of the عصر, (Mṣb,) to sunset; (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA;) as alsoأَصِيلَةٌ↓: (R, TA:) the pl. is أُصُلٌ, (Ṣ, M, R, Mṣb, Ḳ,) or↓ this is a sing., (TA,) or it may be a sing., (M,) for it is used as such, (M, TA,) and أُصْلَانٌ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) and آصَالٌ, (Ṣ, M, Ṣgh, Ḳ,) [a pl. of pauc.,] or, accord. to Es-Saláh Es-Safadee, this is a pl. of أُصُلٌ, the sing., not the pl., (TA,) or it is pl. of أُصُلٌ, (Zj, M,) which may be a pl. or a sing., (M,) and أَصَائِلُ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) as though pl. of أَصِيلَةٌ, (Ṣ,) or it is pl. of this last word. (R, TA.) You say, لَقِيتُهُ أَصِيلًا andأُصُلًا↓, i. e. [I met him in the evening,] عَشِيًّا. (A, TA.) From the pl. أُصْلَانُ is formed the dim. أُصَيْلَانٌ↓, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) which is extr., (M, Ḳ,) because the dim. of a pl. is [regularly] formed only from a pl. of pauc., which اصلان is not; or, if اصلان be a sing., like رُمَّانٌ and قُرْبَانٌ, this dim. is regular: (M:) sometimes, (Ḳ,) one says also أُصَيْلَالٌ↓, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) substituting ل for the [final] ن (Ṣ, M.*) You say,لَقِيتُهُ أُصَيْلَانًا↓ andأُصَيْلَالًا↓, meaning, as above, عَشِيًّا: (A, TA:) and Lḥ mentions لَقِيتُهُ أُصَيَّالًا↓. (So in two copies of the Ṣ.)

أَصِيلَةٌ A man's whole property: (M, Ḳ:) or his palm-trees: (Ḳ, TA: in the CK his palmtree:) thus in the dial. of El-Ḥijáz. (O, TA.)

أَخَذَهُ بِأَصِيلَتِهِ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) andبِأَصَلَتِهِ↓, (IAạr, M, Ḳ,) He took it altogether, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) [as it were] with its root, (Ṣ, M,) not leaving aught of it. (TA.) And جَاؤُوا بِأَصِيلَتِهِمْ They came altogether; the whole of them. (Ṣ, Z.)

لِفُلَانٍ أَرْضٌ أَصِيلَةٌ To such a one belongs land long possessed, or inherited from his parents, by means of which he has his living: a phrase of the people of Et-Táïf. (TA.)

See also أَصِيلٌ, in two places.

أُصُولِىٌّ One skilled in the science termed عِلْمٌ الأُصُولِ: see أَصْلٌ. (TA.)

لَقِيتُهُ مُؤْصِلًا I met him entering upon the time called the أَصِيل. (TA.) And أَتَيْنَا مُؤْصِلِينَ We came entering upon the time so called. (Ṣ.)

أَصْلٌ مُؤَصَّلٌ [ A root, or foundation, or the like, made firm, or fixed, or established]. (Ṣ.) [See also أَصِيلٌ.]

شَاةٌ مُسْتَأْصَلَةٌ A sheep, or goat, whose horn has been taken from its root. (TA.)