Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

بَؤُسَ, aor. يَبْؤُسُ, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. بَأْسٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) or بَأْسَةٌ; (M; [so I find in a copy of the M, but perhaps it is a mistranscription for بَآسَةٌ;]) and بَئِسَ, [aor. يَبْأَسُ,] inf. n. بَأْسٌ; (M;) He was, or became, mighty, or strong, in war or fight; (Ḳ;) courageous, or valiant: (M, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or very mighty or strong in war or fight. (AZ, Ṣ.)

بَئْسُ, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. يَبْأَسُ (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) and يَبْئِسُ, the latter extr., like يَنْعِمُ aor. of نَعِمَ, (M,) [and some other instances, (see حَسِبَ,)] inf. n. بُؤْسٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb,* Ḳ) and بُؤُوسٌ and بُؤْسَى (Ḳ) and بَأْسٌ (TA) and بَئيسٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) [in measure] like أَمِيرٌ, (TA,) [accord. to the CK بِئْسٌ, which is a mistake,] and بَئِيسَى, (TṢ, TA,) incorrectly written in the copies of the Ḳ بِئْسَى; (TA;) or بَؤُسَ; (A;) or both these forms; (M;) He was, or became, in a state of distress; straitened in his means of subsistence, or in the conveniences of life; (M, Mṣb;) in a state of poverty: (M, A, Mṣb,* TA:) or in a state of pressing want: (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA:) and بَؤُسَ, inf. n. بَآسَةٌ and بَئِيسٌ, whence the subst. بَؤْسَى, he was, or became, in a state of trial, or affliction: (M:) and [in like manner,]أَبْأَسَ↓, (inf. n. إِبْآسٌ,S,) distress, or poverty, or misfortune, or calamity, (البَأْسَآءُ,) befell him. (IAạr, Ṣ,* M, TA.)

بِئْسَ, also written بَئِسَ and بِئِسَ and بَأْسَ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) is a word of dispraise or blame, (Ṣ,) implying all kinds of dispraise or blame, (TA,) [or superlative dispraise or blame; signifying, Very evil or bad is he, or it: or superlatively evil or bad is he, or it:] contr. of نِعمَ: (Ṣ, M, TA:) a pret. verb, imperfectly inflected, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) like نِعْمَ, (Ṣ,) [having only one variation of form, namely, the fem. بِئْسَتْ, though the masc. is more commonly used even when the agent is fem. or pl.,] because it is translated from its original application, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) i. e. from بَئِسَ فُلَانٌ signifying أَصَابَ بُؤْسًا [he found, met with, or experienced, distress, &c.], to signify dispraise or blame. (Ṣ, TA.) When it is accompanied by a gen. n. without the article ال, this is always in the accus. case: but when the n. has the article ال, it is always in the nom. case: (TA:) you say, بِئْسَ رَجُلًا زَيْدً [Very evil or bad, or superlatively evil or bad, as a man, is Zeyd; رجلا being a specificative]: (Ḳ:) and بِئْسَ الرَّجُلُ زَيْدٌ [Very evil,, &c., is the man, Zeyd]; and بِئْسَتِ المَرْأَةُ هِنْدٌ [or more commonly بِئْسَ العَيْرُ in this case also, Very evil,, &c., is the woman, Hind]. (Ṣ.) Some argue that it is a noun, from the saying, نِعْمَ السَّيْرُ عَلَى بِئْسَ العَيْرُ, because it has a prep.; but this is explained as elliptical, and meaning, نِعَمَ السَّيْرُ عَلَى عَيْرٍ مَقُولٍ فِيهِ بِئْسَ العيْرُ [Excellent is the journeying upon an ass of which it is said Very evil,, &c., is the ass]. (I’Aḳ p. 232.) Zj says that when it is followed by مَا, then مَا, with it, is regarded as occupying the place of an indeterminate noun; [namely, شَيْئًا, as a specificative; as in the Ḳur ii. 84,بِئْسَ مَا ٱشْتَرَوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ, or بِئْسَمَا, &c., Very evil,, &c., as a thing, is that for which they have sold, or exchanged, themselves:] (TA:) but some say that it is the agent, and is a determinate noun; and this is the opinion of Ibn-Kharoof, which he ascribes to Sb. (I’Aḳ ubi suprà.) [For further illustration, see نِعْمَ.]

تَبَآءَسَ He feigned the lowliness, or submissiveness, of poverty, humbling, or abasing, himself, (Ḳ,* TA,) with men; andتَبَأَّسَ↓ is allowable in the same sense. (TA.)

ابتأس بِهِ, (M, A,) and مِنْهُ, (Ṣ, TA,) He was distressed by it, or at it; it does not signify dislike: (IB, TA:) or he grieved at it, (Ṣ, M, A,) and humbled and abased himself: so in the Ḳur xi. 38 and xii. 69. (M, A, TA.) It is said of a man when a thing that he dislikes becomes known to him. (AZ, TA.)

بَأْسٌ Might, or strength, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) in war or fight: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) courage; valour, or valiantness; prowess. (M, Ḳ.)

War, or fight; (M, Mṣb;) as alsoبَئِيْسٌ↓ (M) andبَأْسَآءُ↓: (TA:) pl. of the first,أَبْؤَسٌ. (Mṣb.)

Hence, (M,) † Fear, (M, TA,) in the saying, لَا بأْسَ عَلَيْكَ, (M, TA,*) and بِكَ, (M,) [† There is no fear for thee: lit., there is no war against thee, or with thee]: the saying of which to an enemy implies the granting him security, or protection: and in the same sense it is used in a trad., in the phrase اِشْتَدَّ البَأْسُ [† Fear became vehement]. (TA.)

I. q. ضَرَرٌ † [Harm, injury,, &c.]: so in the phrase لَا بَأْسَ [There is, or will be, no harm,, &c.; and لَا بَأْسَ بِكَذَا, and فِى كَذَا, † There is, or will be, no harm in such a thing]. (Ḥar p. 311.) It is said in a trad., لَا بَأْسَ بِٱلْغِنَى لِمَنِ ٱتَّقَى [There is no harm in wealth to him who is pious]. (El-Jámiʼ eṣ-Ṣagheer of Es-Suyootee.) بَاس also occurs for بَأْس; the being suppressed, agreeably with analogy; not altered by permutation. (M, TA.)

Punishment: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) or severe punishment; (TA;) as alsoبَئِسٌ↓, in measure like كَتِفٌ. (IAạr, TA.)

See also بُؤْسٌ, in two places.

بُؤْسٌ (also written بُوسٌ, with the suppressed, Mṣb) Distress; straitness of the means of subsistence, or of the conveniences of life; poverty: (M, Mṣb,* TA:*) or a state of pressing want: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or misfortune; calamity: (A:) andبُؤُوسٌ↓ andبُؤْسَى↓ (Ḳ, TA) andبَأْسَآءُ↓ (M, A) andبَأْسٌ↓ (TA) andبَئِيسٌ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andبَئِيسَى↓ (TA) andمَبْأَسَةٌ↓ (M, TA) [all of which, except بَأْسَآءُ↓ andمَبْأَسَةٌ↓, are said to be inf. ns. (see بَئِسَ)] signify the same as بُؤْسٌ: (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ, TA:) بُؤْسَى↓ andبَأْسَآءُ↓ are both from بُؤْسٌ [with which they are syn. accord. to authorities indicated above]; (Zj, IDrd, TA;) the former is contr. of نُعْمَى, (Ṣ, TA,) and in like manner the latter is contr. of نَعْمَآءُ: (TA:) the latter is of the measure فَعْلَآءُ without any أَفْعَلُ, because it is a subst.; like as أَفْعَلُ occurs among substs. without any فَعَلَآءُ, as in the instance of أَحْمَدُ: (Akh, Ṣ:) orبُؤْسَى↓ signifies a state of trial or affliction, and is a subst.; andبَئِيسٌ↓ andبَآسَةٌ↓ signify the same, but are inf. ns.: (M:) andبَأْسَآءُ↓ is syn. with شِدَّةٌ [like بُؤْسٌ in the first of the senses explained above]; (Ṣ, TA;) and مَشَقَّةٌ [meaning distress, or difficulty]: (TA:) or it signifies misfortune, or calamity, (A, Ḳ,) like بُؤْسٌ; (A;) and so أَبْؤُسٌ: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or rather this last signifies misfortunes, or calamities; for it is pl. ofبَأْسٌ↓, i. e., a pl. of pauc.; not of بُؤْسٌ, as J asserts it to be; for the pl. of pauc. of بُؤْسٌ is أَبْآسٌ: (IB, TA:) but أَبْؤُسٌ may be used as pl. ofبَأْسَآءُ↓. (Fr, in Ṣ, voce ضَرَّآءُ, q. v.) [See exs. of these two pls. in what follows.] You say يَوْمُ بُؤْسٍ وَيَوْمُ نُعْمٍ [A day of distress, or poverty,, &c., and a day of ease and plenty]. (Ṣ, TA.) And بُؤْسًا لَهُ [May distress, or poverty,, &c., befall him]: a form of imprecation. (Sb, M, TA.) And بُؤْسَ ٱبْنِ سُمَيَّةَ, app. an expression of pity [meaning Alas for the distress,, &c., of Ibn-Sumeiyeh!]. (TA, from a trad.) And عَسَىَ الغُوَيْرُ أَبْؤُسًا Perhaps the little cave [may be attended with] calamities; not calamity, as in the Ṣ [and Ḳ]: (IB:) a prov.; (Ṣ;) originating from a cave's having collapsed upon some men in it; or from an enemy's having come to some men in a cave, and slain them; wherefore it is applied to anything whence evil is feared: (Aṣ, Ṣ, Ḳ, in art. غور:) or it is applied to him who is suspected of a thing: (IAạr, TA:) or الغُوَيْرُ was the name of a certain water, which belonged to the tribe of Kelb, and the words of this prov. were said by Ez-Zebbà, when Kaseer turned aside from the plain road, and took the way to الغُوَيْرُ: (Ibn-El-Kelbee, Ṣ, Ḳ, in art. غور:)ابؤسا is in the accus. case by reason of يَكُونُ understood. (Mughnee.) [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 94.] ElKumeyt also says,

* قَالُوا أَسَآءَ بَنُو كُرْزٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ *

* عَسَى الغُوَيْرُ بِأَبْآسٍ وَأغْوَارِ *

[They said, Benoo-Kurz have done evil: and I said to them, Perhaps the little cave may be attended with calamities and connected with other caves]: أَبْآس is here pl. of بُؤْس. (IB, TA.) [In the Ṣ, the last words are written بِإِبْآسٍ وَإِعْوَارٍ, in one copy: in another, وإِغْوَارِ: both of which are app. wrong.]

See also بَائِسٌ.

بِئْسٌ and بِيْسٌ and بَيْسٌ and بَيِّسٌ: see بَئِيسٌ.

بَنَاتُ بِئْسٍ Calamities; misfortunes. (Ḳ.)

بَؤُوسٌ One in whom بُؤْس [i. e. distress, &c.] is apparent, or manifest. (M, TA.)

بَئيسٌ: see بَأْسٌ: and بُؤْسٌ: the latter, in two places.

Mighty, or strong, in war or fight; (A;) courageous, or valiant. (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

عَذَابٌ بئِيسٌ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) andبِئِيسٌ↓, agreeably with a general rule applying to words of this description, (M,) andبِئْسٌ↓, (M, Ḳ,) andبَئِسٌ↓, (M,) andبَيْئَسٌ↓, (M, Ḳ,) andبَئْئَسٌ↓, (M,) andبَيِّسٌ↓, andبَيْسٌ↓, which last, however, is of no authority, (M,) orبِيسٌ↓, and بَيِيسٌ, with the changed into ى, (TA,) A vehement punishment: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) so in the Ḳur vii. 165. (TA.)

بَائِسٌ Distressed; straitened in his means of subsistence, or in the conveniences of life; (Mṣb;) or poor: (A, Mṣb:*) or one who is in want, and an object of pity for what he suffers: (TA:) or in a state of pressing want: (Ṣ:) or in a state of trial, or affliction: (M, TA:) or one who is crippled, or deprived of the power of motion, by disease, or who suffers from a protracted disease, and is in need: (Mgh:) an epithet denoting pity, (Sb, M, TA,) or grief: (Mgh:) بُؤْسٌ↓ occurs as its pl.; (M, TA;) or is for ذَوُوبُؤْسٍ. (M.)

بَيْئَسٌ and بَيْئِسٌ: see بَئِيسٌ.

The former also signifies Strong. (Ḳ, TA.)

And hence, (TA,) البَيْئَسُ The lion. (Ḳ, TA.)

الأَبْأَسُ The most vehement refusal. (Th, M.)

مُبْتَئِسٌ Disliking, or hating: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) and grieving: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or rather, distressed, by, or at, a thing; not disliking, or hating: (IB, TA:) or grieving, and humbling and abasing himself. (Zj, M, TA.)