Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

بَقِيَ aor. يَبْقَى, inf. n. بَقَآءٌ (JK, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and بَاقِيَةٌ; (Mṣb; [but see this latter below;]) [and accord. to the CK, بَقًى and بَقْىٌ; but this is a mistake; وَبَقَى و بَقْيًا being there erroneously put for بَقَى بَقْيًا, explained by what here follows;] and بَقَى, [by some written بَقَا,] (JK, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. as above, (JK,) inf. n. بَقْىٌ, (Ḳ,) of the dial. of Belhárith Ibn-Kaab, (TA,) or of that of Teiyi, (JK, Ṣ, TA,) who in like manner say بَقَتْ instead of بَقَيَتْ, (Ṣ, TA,) and the like is done in other verbs of the same class, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) whether the kesreh and the ى be original, as in بَقِىَ and نَسِىَ and فَنِىَ, or accidental, as in the pass. verbs هُدِىَ and بُنِىَ; (Mṣb;) [He, or] it, namely, a thing, remained, continued, lasted, endured: and was, or became, permanent, or perpetual; or continued, lasted, or existed, incessantly, always, endlessly, or for ever: syn. دَامَ, and ثَبَتَ; (Mṣb;) contr. of فَنِىَ: (Ḳ:) بَقَآءٌ signifies a thing's remaining, continuing, lasting, or enduring, in its first state, to a period determined by the will of God, either with respect to its corporeal substance, as in the case of a heavenly orb, or with respect to its kind only, as in the case of the human and other animal races; and the continuing, lasting, or existing, for ever, either by self, as in the instance of God alone, or otherwise, and thus either with respect to the corporeal substance, as in the case of an inhabitant of Paradise, or with respect to kind only, as in the case of the fruits of the inhabitants of Paradise. (Er-Rághib, TA.) [Hence,] دَارُ البَقَآءِ [The abode of everlasting existence;] the world to come. (T in art. دور.) The verb is said of a thing; and in like manner of a man, as in بَقِىَ زَمَانًا طَوِيلًا, i. e. He lived [or continued in life] a long time. (Ṣ.) [You say also, بَقِىَ عَلَى حَالِهِ He, or it, remained, or continued, in his, or its, state, or condition; i. e., as he, or it, was. And بَقِىَ عَلَى الشِّدَّةِ He endured, or bore up against, difficulty, distress, or adversity.] And بَقِى مِنَ الشَّىْءِ بَقِيَّةٌ [A remain, remainder, remnant, relic, or residue, of the thing remained.] (Ṣ.) And بَقِىَ مِنْهُ كَذَا Such a thing remained, over and above, and behind, thereof; as alsoتبقّى↓. (Mṣb.)

بَقَاهُ, with ى and with و for the last radical, (Ḳ,) first pers. بَقَيْتُهُ (Lḥ, Ṣ) and بَقَوْتُهُ, (Lḥ, TA,) aor. of the former ـِ, (Ṣ,) inf. n. بَقْىٌ, [of the former verb,] (Ḳ,) He looked at him, or it: (Lḥ, Ṣ, Ḳ:) or [so in the Ḳ, but in the Ṣ “and,”] he watched, or observed, him, or it: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) and بَقَيْتُهُ I looked, watched, or waited, for him, or it; (TA in art. بقو;) as also بَقَوْتُهُ; (Ḳ in that art.;) but the former is the more approved. (TA in that art.) [See also art. بقو.] You say also, فُلَانٌ يَبْقِى الشَّىْءَ بِبَصَرِهِ Such a one looks at the thing, and watches, or observes, it. (JK.) And it is said in a trad., بَقَيْنَا رَسُولَ ٱللّٰهِ We looked, watched, or waited, for the Apostle of God. (Ṣ.)

ابقاهُ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) andبقّاهُ↓ andتبقّاهُ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ) all signify the same, (Ṣ,) andاستبقاهُ↓ likewise, (Ḳ,) He made, or caused, [and he suffered,] him, or it, to remain, continue, last; to be, or become, permanent, or perpetual; to continue, last, or exist, incessantly, always, endlessly, or for ever; he continued it; he perpetuated it. (Mṣb, Ḳ *) You say, ابقاهُ ٱللّٰهُ [God preserved him, or prolonged his life; or may God preserve him, or prolong his life; or] God made him, or caused him, or may God make him, or cause him, to continue in life. (Ṣ.) And أَبْقَى أَصْلَ الشَّىْءِ وَجَعَلَ ثَمَرَهُ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللّٰهِ He made the thing itself to remain unalienable, not to be inherited nor sold nor given away, and assigned the profit arising from it to be employed in the cause of God, or of religion. (TA in art. حبس.) And أَبْقَيْتُ مَا بَيْنَنَا I was sparing of marring, i. e., forbore from marring much, or exceedingly, that [state of union or amity] which subsisted between us. (Ḳ.) Andبَقِّ↓ نَعْلَيْكَ وَٱبْذُلْ قَدَمَيْكَ [Preserve thou, or spare thou, thy sandals, and use freely, or unsparingly, thy feet]: a prov. (Meyd. See Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 149.) Andتَبَقَّهْ↓ وَتَوَقَّهْ Preserve thou the soul (اِسْتَبْقِ↓ النَّفْسَ), expose it not to destruction, [meaning preserve thyself,] and guard against evils, or calamities: a trad.: the ه in each verb is that of pausation. (TA.) [And ابقى مِنَ الشَّىْءِ بَقِيَّةً He left, or reserved, of the thing, a remain, remainder, remnant,, &c.:] andاستبقى↓ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ He left a portion of the thing; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) as alsoتبقّى↓; whence the prov., used to incite to liberality, لَا يَنْفَعُكَ مِنْ زَادٍ تَبَقٍّ↓ Leaving a portion of travel-ling-provision will not profit thee. (JK.) [And ابقى الشَّىْءِ andاستبقاهُ↓ He reserved the thing for a future time or use, &c.] Andاستبقاهُ↓ as meaning [He spared him; he let him live;] he left him alive; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) [as also ابقاهُ; for] men say to their enemies when the latter have overcome, أَبْقُونَا وَلَا تَسْتَأْصِلُونَا [Spare ye us, and destroy us not entirely]: (TA:) [or ابقاهُ, in a case of this kind,] and ابقى عَلَيْهِ andاستبقاهُ↓ signify He pardoned him, [and forbore to slay him,] when slaughter was his due: (TA:) andاستبقاهُ↓ signifies also He pardoned, or forgave, his fault, wrong action, or lapse into sin, and preserved his love, or affection. (JK, TA.*) And [hence,] أَبْقَيْتُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ signifies also I showed mercy to such a one [by sparing him, or letting him live, or by pardoning him, or otherwise]; had mercy on him; pitied, or compassionated, him; syn. أَرْعَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ and رَحِمْتُهُ. (Ṣ.) One says, لَا أَبْقَى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ إِنْ أَبْقَيْتَ عَلَىَّ [May God not show mercy to thee if thou show mercy to me: a prov., said in derision to one who affects to show mercy when unable to take revenge]. (Ṣ, Meyd.) And لَا تُبْقِ إِلَّا عَلَى نَفْسِكَ [Show not mercy save to thyself: another prov., similar to the former]. (Meyd.) And it is said, in a trad., of the fire [of Hell], لَا تُبْقِى عَلَى مَنْ تَضَرَّعَ إِلَيْهَا, i. e. It will not pity [him who abases himself to it: or rather it will not spare, &c.: and in like manner, لَا تُبْقِى وَلَا تَذَرُ, in the Ḳur lxxiv. 28, is generally understood as meaning It (namely, Hell,) will not spare, nor leave unburned]. (TA.)

تَبَاقٍ The remaining together. (KL.) [You say, app., تَبَاقَوْا, and تَبَاقَيَا, They, and they two, remained together.]

بُقْيَا (JK, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.) andبَقْيَا↓ (TA) andبَقْوَى↓ (JK, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) andبُقْوَى↓ (Th, Ḳ) andبَقِيَّةٌ↓ (JK, Ḳ,) the↓ third and↓ fourth with ى changed into و, like as و is changed into ى in دُنْيَا and عُلْيَا and قُصْيَا, (ISd, TA,) [substs. in the sense of إِبْقَآءٌ, inf. n. of 4, signifying The making, or causing, and suffering, to remain, continue, last,, &c.; preservation of a person in life, and of a thing in being; and the sparing, letting live, or leaving alive;] substs. from أَبْقَاهُ: (Mṣb, Ḳ:) or [the showing mercy by sparing or letting live, or by pardoning, or otherwise; having mercy; pitying, or compassionating;] substs. from أَبْقَيْتُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ. (Ṣ.) Thus one says of a pilgrim, that he put gum, or something glutinous, upon his head, and so caused his hair to become compacted, بُقْيَا عَلَيْهِ to preserve it in the state in which it was (expl. by إِبْقَآءً عليه), lest it should become shaggy, or dishevelled, &c. (L in art. لبد.) And one says, نَشَدْتُكَ ٱللّٰهَ وَالبُقْيَا andالبَقْوَى↓ [I conjure, or beg, or beseech, thee by God and by the preservation of thy life]. (JK.) Andمَا لِى عَلَيْه رَعْوَى وَلَا بَقْوَى↓ [I have no mercy nor pity to bestow upon him]. (JK. [There expl. by the words أَىْ أَرْعَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَبْقَيْتُ; but أَىْ is evidently a mistranscription for مِنْ, i. e. from.]) A poet (El-La'een El-Minkaree, TA) says,

* فَمَا بُقْيَا عَلَىَّ تَرَكْتُمَانِى *

* وَلٰكِنْ خِفْتُمَا صَرَدَ النِّبَالِ *

[And it was not to show mercy by sparing me that ye two left me; but ye feared the transpiercing of the arrows]. (Ṣ.) And another says, on his having refused to accept an offer of seven bloodwits,

* أُذَكَّرُ بِالبُقْيَا عَلَى مَنْ أَصَابَنِى *

* وَبُقْيَاىَ أَنِّى جَاهِدٌ غَيْرُ مُؤْتَلِى *

i. e. Am I required [or exhorted or reminded] to show mercy to him who slew my relation, when the mercy that I show to him is that I am labouring to slay him, and not falling short, or being remiss: by بقياى is meant إِبْقَائِى عَلَيْهِ; though الإِبْقَآء is not الجَهْد: the meaning is, that this is done by me in lieu of that: البُقْيَا is a subst. from الإِبْقَآء, syn. therewith; and the و prefixed to it is a denotative of state. (Ḥam p. 119. [This verse is also cited in the TA, but with the substitution ofبِالبَقْوَى↓ and وَبَقْوَاى for the corresponding words above.]) البَقِيَّةَ↓ is said by men to their enemies when the latter have overcome; meaning [We ask, or beg, the being spared, or mercy, or quarter; a verb, whereby it is governed, being understood: or] أَبْقُونَا وَلَا تَسْتَأْصِلُونَا [spare ye us, and destroy us not entirely]. (TA.)

بَقِيَّةٌ A remain, remainder, remaining portion, remnant, relic, residue, or the remains, or rest, of a thing; (KL, PṢ, &c.;) a subst. from بَقِىَ as signifying “it remained over and above,” and “it remained behind:” pl. بَقَايَا and بَقِيَّاتٌ: (Mṣb:) بَاقِيَةٌ↓, also, [pl. بَوَاقٍ and بَاقِيَاتٌ,] has the same meaning as بَقِيَّةٌ; (TA;) [i. e., as explained above; and so has بَاقٍ↓, for شَىْءٍ بَاقٍ, &c.] You say, بَقِىَ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ بَقِيَّةٌ [explained before: see 1]. (Ṣ.) [And هُمْ بَقِيَّةُ السَّيْفِ, and بَقَايَا السَّيْفِ, They are those who have been spared by the sword].

[Hence,] فُلَانٌ مِنْ بَقِيَّةِ القَوْمِ Such a one is of the best of the people, or company of men: because a man reserves the most excellent of the things that he produces. (Bḍ in xi. 118.) And فُلَانٌ مِنْ بَقِيَّةِ أَهْلِهِ Such a one is of the most excellent of his people, or family. (Ḥam p. 78.) And فُلَانٌ بَقِيَّةُ القَوْمِ Such a one is the best of the people, or company of men: pl. بَقَايَا. (Kull p. 96.)

أُولُو بَقِيَّةٍ, in the Ḳur xi. 118, hence means Persons possessed of excellence: [see a phrase mentioned voce بَلَلٌ:] or possessing a relic of judgment and intelligence: (Bḍ:) or persons of religion and excellence: (Jel:) or persons of understanding (Ḳ, TA) and discrimination: (TA:) or persons of obedience: (TA:) or having the quality of preserving themselves (Az, Bḍ, Ḳ,*) from punishment, (Bḍ,) by their holding the approved religion: (Az, TA:) and this last explanation is confirmed by another reading, which is اولوا بَقْيَةٍ↓ [possessing a quality of watching, or observing, and hence, of guarding, or preserving]; بَقْيَة being the inf. n. of un. of بَقَاهُ, aor. يَبْقِيهِ, signifying “he watched,” or “observed,”, &c., “him,” or “it.” (Bḍ.) See also بُقَيَا, in two places. بَقِيَّةٌ is also a subst. from أَبْقَيْتُ مَا بَيْنَنَا [explained before: see 4: app. meaning Forbearance from marring much, or exceedingly, the state of unity, or of amity, subsisting between two persons, or parties: and such may be its meaning in the phrase above-mentioned (اولوا بقيّة)]. (Ḳ.)

بَقِيَّةُ ٱللّٰهِ, in the Ḳur xi. 87, [after the command, in the next preceding verse, to give full measure and weight,] means God's sustenance that remains for you after your giving full measure [and weight]: (Jel:) or that which God has preserved for you, of what is lawful, (Fr, Bḍ,) after [your] keeping aloof from that which he has forbidden you: (Bḍ:) or the good state, or condition, remaining for you: (Zj, Ḳ:) or the fear (مُرَاقَبَة) of God; accord. to some: (Fr, TA:) or the obedience of God, and (as Aboo-ʼAlee says, TA) the looking for his recompense: (Ḳ, TA:) or بَقِيَّةٌ andبَاقِيَةٌ↓ signify any religious service whereby one seeks to obtain the recompense of God; and such is the meaning of the former in this instance. (Er-Rághib, TA.)

See also بَاقِيَةٌ.

بَاقٍ part. n. of بَقِىَ [in all its senses; Remaining, continuing, lasting, or enduring: and permanent, or perpetual; or continuing, lasting, or existing, incessantly, always, endlessly, or for ever:, &c.: see 1]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) البَاقِى, a name of God, [as also, pleonastically, البَاقِى الأَبَدِىُّ, means The Everlasting, or] He whose existence will have no end. (TA.) See also بَقِيَّةٌ.

البَاقِى also signifies The حَاصِل [or net produce, or perhaps simply the produce,] of the [tax termed] خَرَاج, and the like. (Lth, JK, TA.)

بَاقِيَةٌ: see بَقِيَّةٌ, first sentence.

البَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ [in the Ḳur xviii. 44, and xix. 79,] means Any righteous, or good, work, (Ḳ, TA,) of which the recompense remains: (TA:) or acts of obedience, (Bḍ and Jel in xix. 79,) or good works, (Bḍ in xviii. 44,) of which the fruit remains for ever: (Bḍ in both those places, and Jel * in the former:) and, as included therein, [so Bḍ, but in the Ḳ “or,”] the five prayers; (Bḍ, Ḳ;) and the performance of the pilgrimage; and the keeping the fast of Ramadán; (Bḍ in xviii. 44;) and [so Bḍ, but in the Ḳ “or,”] the saying, سُبْحَانَ ٱللّٰهِ وَالحَمْدُلِلّٰهِ وَلَا إِلَّا ٱللّٰهُ وَٱللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ; (Bḍ and Jel in xviii. 44, and Ḳ;) to which some add, وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِٱللّٰهِ: (Jel ibid.:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, the correct meaning is any religious service whereby one seeks to obtain the recompense of God: see also بَقِيَّةٌ, last explanation. (TA.)

بَاقِيَةٌ is sometimes put in the place of an inf. n.; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) or it is an inf. n.; (Mṣb;) syn. with بَقَآءٌ; (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA;) with which بَقِيَّةٌ↓, also, is syn. (TA in art. سرع.) So in the Ḳur [lxix. 8], فَهَلْ تَرَى لَهُمْ مِنْ بَاقِيَةٍ [And dost thou see them to have any continuance?]; (Ṣ, TA;) so says Fr: (TA:) or, as some say, the meaning is, بَقِيَّةٍ [i. e. a remnant]: (TA:) or جَمَاعَةٍ بَاقِيَةٍ [a company remaining]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or نَفْسٍ بَاقِيَةٍ [a soul, or person, remaining]: (Bḍ, Jel:) or the ة is an intensive affix; (Jel;) [or a restrictive to unity;] i. e. one remaining; (Jel, TA;) and this is also allowable and good: one says, likewise, مَا بَقِيَتْ بَاقِيَةٌ وَلَا وَقَاهُمْ مِنَ ٱللّٰهِ وَاقِيَةٌ [One remaining remained not, nor did one preserver preserve them from God]. (TA.)

أَبْقَى Longer continuing. (Bḍ and Jel in xx. 74, &c.)

هُوَ أَبْقَى الرَّجُلَيْنِ means أَكْثَرُ إِبْقَآءً عَلَى قَوْمِهِ [He is the more merciful, or pitiful, or compassionate, of the two men, towards his people]. (TA.)

نَاقَةٌ مُبْقِيَةٌ A she-camel [that retains some milk;] that does not exhaust her copious supply of milk. (JK.)

مُبْقِيَاتُ الخَيْلِ, (Ḳ,) or rather المُبْقِيَاتُ مِنَ الخَيْلِ, (TA,) The horses whose running continues after the running of other horses has ceased: (M, Ḳ:) or, that reserve somewhat of their running. (T, TA.)

And المُبْقِيَاتُ The places that retain some of the pools in which water has collected, and do not drink it up. (TA.)