Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

ثَأَرَهُ, (T, Ṣ, Mṣb,) and ثَأَرَ بِهِ, (T, Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ) aor. ـَ {يَثْأَرُ}, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. ثَأْرٌ and ثُؤْرَةٌ, (Ṣ,) or the latter is a simple subst., as is also ثُؤُورَةٌ, (Lḥ, M, Ḳ,) He revenged, or avenged, his blood, by retaliating his slaughter; he slew his slayer. (T, Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ.) [Hence, ثُئِرَ مَقْتُولُهُ and بِمَقْتُولِهِ The blood of his slain relation was revenged, or avenged, by retaliation of his slaughter: see 10.]

[Hence also,] لَا ثَأَرَتْ فُلَانًا يَدَاهُ, (Ḳ,) or عَلَى فُلَانٍ, (A,) ‡ May his arms, or hands, not profit such a one. (A, Ḳ.)

Also ثَأَرَهُ, and ثَأَرَ بِهِ, (M, Ḳ,) and ثَأَرَ القَوْمَ, inf. n. ثَأْرٌ, (T,) He sought to revenge, or avenge, or retaliate, (T, M, Ḳ,) his blood, (M, Ḳ,) and the blood of the people, or party. (T.) It is said in a prov., لَا يَنَامُ مَنْ ثَأَرَ [He will not sleep who seeks to revenge, or avenge, or retaliate, blood]: in the Kámil of Mbr, [and in some copies of Meyd,] مَنِ ٱثَّأَرِ↓ [which seems to signify the same]. (TA.)

[And ثَأَرَهُ and ثَأَرَ بِهِ signify also He slew him in blood-revenge, or in retaliation of the blood of a relation: see مَثْؤُورٌ.]

ثَأَرْتُكَ بِكَذَا I have obtained my bloodrevenge, or retaliation, of thee by such [a deed, or person]. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

اِثَّأَرَ originally اِثْتَأَرَ He obtained his bloodrevenge, or retaliation; syn. أَدْرَك ثَأْرَهُ; (T, Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) مِنْهُ from him; (T, Ṣ;) as alsoأَثْأَرَ↓: (M, Ḳ:) and اِثَّأَرَ مِنْهُ he slew the slayer of his relation. (T.) Lebeed says,

* وَالنِّيبُ إِنْ تَعْرُ مِنِّى رِمَّةً خَلَقًا * *

* بَعْدَ المَمَاتِ فَإِنِّى كُنْتُ أَثَّئِرُ * *

[And the old she-camels, if they seek to obtain benefit from a worn rotten bone of me after death, I used to retaliate upon them by anticipation]: (T, Ṣ:) i. e., I used to slaughter [some of] them for guests, and so I have retaliated upon them during my life for their nibbling my rotten bones after my death: for when camels do not find herbage of the kind called حَمْض, they eat the bones of dead men and of camels instead thereof. (T.)

See also 1.

استثأر He (a relation of a slain man, A) sought, or asked, aid, in order that the blood of his slain [relation] might be revenged, or avenged, by retaliation of his slaughter (لُيِثْأَرَ بِمَقْتُولِهِ), (AZ, Ṣ, Ḳ,) or in order that he might take, or seek, revenge, or vengeance, for his slain [relation]. (A.)

ثَأْرٌ, (Ṣ, M, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) which may be also pronounced ثَارٌ, i. e., with the ء suppressed, (Mṣb,) andثَأْرَةٌ↓, (A,) andثُؤْرَةٌ↓, (Ṣ,) which last is a subst. [from ثَأَرَ], as alsoثُؤُورَةٌ↓, (Lḥ, M, Ḳ,) Blood-revenge; or retaliation of murder or homicide: or a seeking to revenge, or avenge, or retaliate, blood: [see 1, of which ثَأْرٌ is an inf. n.:] or a desire, or seeking, for retaliation of a crime or of enmity: or retention of enmity in the heart, with watchfulness for an opportunity to indulge it: syn. ذَحْلٌ: (Ṣ, A, Mṣb:) or طَلَبَ بِالدَّمِ: (M, Ḳ:) or حِقْدٌ: (Mgh:) or (so accord. to the M; but accord. to the Ḳ, “and”) blood (M, Ḳ) itself: (M:) pl. أَثْآرٌ and آثَارٌ; the latter formed by transposition. (Yaạḳoob, M.) You say, أَدْرَكَ ثَأْرَهُ (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ) andثُؤْرَتَهُ↓ (Aṣ, T, Ṣ) [He obtained, or attained, or took, his bloodrevenge, or retaliation: or] he attained the object of his pursuit [for blood-revenge, or retaliation]; from ثَأَرَهُ: (Aṣ, T:) or he slew the slayer of his relation. (Mgh.) And طَلَبَ بِثَأْرِهِ He sought to obtain his blood-revenge, or retaliation; syn. طَلَبَ بِذَحْلِهِ. (Ṣ and Mṣb in art. ذحل.) And أَنَا أَطْلُبُ ثَأْرِى عِنْدَهُ I seek my blood-revenge of him; syn. ذَحْلِى. (A.) And ثَأْرِى عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ My blood-revenge is a debt owed to me by such a one; syn. ذَحْلِى: meaning such a one is the slayer of my relation. (A.)

ثَأْرٌ also signifies, (A,) orثَائِرٌ↓, (T,) One who seeks blood-revenge, or retaliation of the slaughter of his relation: and one of whom is sought blood-revenge, or retaliation of the slaughter of a relation: (T, A:) the latter primarily signifies a slayer; and hence, a slayer of a person's relation in vengeance, or retribution: (Ḥam p. 637:) and the former, one who is sought, or pursued, for blood-revenge; an inf. n. used as a subst.: (Ḥam p. 87:) the slayer of a person's relation; (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ;) as alsoثَائِرٌ↓: (A:) pl. of the former أَثْآرٌ and آثَارٌ [as above] (Ḳ) and ثَأْرَاتٌ: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) the first of which three is [also] pl. of ثَائِرٌ. (T.) You say, هُوَ ثَأْرُهُ He is the slayer of his relation. (Ṣ.) And يَا ثَأْرَاتِ فُلَانٍ O slayers of such a one. (T, Ṣ, Ḳ.) يَا ثَأْرَاتِ عُثْمَانَ, occurring in a trad., which is also related with the substitution of تَارَات for ثأرات, may be explained in the same manner; or it may mean O ye seekers of the blood-revenge of ʼOthmán, aid me to obtain it; the prefixed noun طَالِبِى, or أَهْل, being understood. (Nh, TA. [See also تَارَةٌ in art. تور.]) ثَأْرٌ مُنِيمٌ [A slayer of one's relation who causes his slayer to sleep,] means one with whom the seeker [of blood-revenge or retaliation] is contented, if he find him [and slay him], so that he sleeps after; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) one who, if slain, causes the pursuer of blood-revenge to cease from the pursuit: (Ḥam p. 87:) or a person who is an equivalent for the blood of one's relation [and who therefore, by his being slain in retaliation, makes the avenger to sleep]: (T:) or a person of rank, or note, in whom [i. e. by the slaughter of whom] one has his full desire accomplished. (A.) In a trad. of Moḥammad Ibn-Selemeh, relating to the day of Kheyber, occur the words,أَنَا لَهُ يَا رَسُولُ ٱللّٰهِ المَوْتُورُ لِلثَّائِرِ↓, meaning [I am for him, i. e. I am he who should slay him, O Apostle of God:] the seeker of blood-revenge [is for him of whom blood-revenge is sought]. (L. [The explanation there given is clearly shown to relate to الموتور.])

ثَأْرٌ signifies also An enemy: pl. أَثْآرٌ: so explained as occurring in the following words of a trad.; لَا تُغْمِدُوا سُيُوفَكُمْ عَنْ أَحْدَاثِكُمْ فَتُوتِرُوا أَثْآرَكُمْ Do not sheathe your swords from your young ones, [neglecting to teach them the use thereof,] and so make your enemies to attain their desire of blood-revenge. (TA.)

ثَائِرٌ: see ثَأْرٌ, in three places.

Also One who does not pity anything (لَا يُبْقِى عَلَى شَىْءٍ) so that he may obtain his blood-revenge, or retaliation. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

مَثْؤُورٌ and مَثْؤُورٌ بِهِ [Revenged, or avenged, by the retaliation of his slaughter; by the slaughter of his slayer: and also slain in blood-revenge, or in retaliation for the blood of a relation of the slayer]: these two expressions [thus] apply to one's enemy as well as to one's relation. (A.)

Also, the latter, [simply,] Slain. (T, and Ḥam p. 87. [But retaliation is generally meant to be understood.])