Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

جَعَلَ, aor. ـَ {يَجْعَلُ}, inf. n. جَعْلٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and جُعْلٌ and جَعَالَةٌ and جِعَالَةٌ (Ḳ) and مَجْعَلٌ, (Ṣ, TA,) He made a thing; syn. صَنَعَ; (Mṣb, Ḳ;) but having a more general signification than فَعَلَ and صَنَعَ and their equivalents [as will be shown by what follows]; (Er-Rághib, TA;) and soاجتعل↓: (Ḳ:) both these verbs signify the same. (Ṣ.)

He made a thing of, or from, a thing; as in the saying [in the Ḳur xvi. 74 and xlii. 9], جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا [He hath made for you, of, or from, yourselves, wives]; and [in the Ḳur xvi. 83] وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الجِبَالِ أَكْنَانًا [And He hath made for you, of the mountains, places of retreat; as caves, and excavated houses or chambers: so explained by Bḍ]. (TA.)

He created; (Ḳ, TA;) brought into being, or existence; (TA;) as in the saying [in the Ḳur vi. 1], وَچَعَلَ الظُّلُمَاتِ وَالنُّورِ [And hath created, or brought into being, the darknesses and the light]; (Ḳ, TA;) and [in the Ḳur xxi. 31] وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ المَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ [And We have created of water, or the seminal fluid, everything living]; and [in the Ḳur xvi. 80, &c.,] وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَالأَبْصَارَ وَالأَفْئِدَةَ [And He created for you the ears and the eyes and the hearts]. (TA.)

He made, or prepared; as in the saying [in the Ḳur lxv. 2], يَجْعَلُ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا [He will make, or prepare, for him a way of escape, or safety]; and [in the Ḳur lxv. 4] يَجْعَلُ لَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ يُسْرًا [He will make, or prepare, for him an easy state of his circumstances; i. e., will make his circumstances, or case, easy to him]. (TA.)

He made; meaning he made to be, or become; he constituted; he appointed; [in which sense it is doubly trans.;] (Ṣ, Ḳ;) as in the saying in the Ḳur [xix. 31], وَجَعَلْنِى نَبِيًّا [And He hath made me a prophet]; (Ṣ;) [and in the elliptical phrase, جَعَلَهُ عَلَيْهِ He made him to be superintendant, or the like, over it; set him, or appointed him, over it:] and in the phrase, جَعَلَ القَبِيحَ حَسَنًا [He made that which was bad to be, or become, good]. (Ḳ.)

He made a thing to be in a particular state or condition; as in the saying [in the Ḳur ii. 20], الَّذِ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الأَرْضَ فِرَاشًا [Who hath made for you the earth to be as a bed]; and [in the Ḳur lxxi. 15] وَجَعَلَ القَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا [And hath made the moon, in them (the heavens), to be as a light]; and so, as some say, in the saying [in the Ḳur xliii. 2], إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا [Verily we have made it an Arabic Ḳur-án]. (TA.)

[He made a thing to be in an altered, or changed, state or condition; i. e.,] the verb signifies also the changing a thing from its state or condition; as in the saying [in the Ḳur xi. 84 and xv. 74], جَعَلْنَا عَالِيَهَا سَافِلَهَا [We made their upper part to be their lower part]; (Ḳ;) and in the words of the Ḳur [lvi. 81], وَتَجْعَلُونَ رِزْقَكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تُكَذِّبُونَ [And do ye make the thanks that ye should render for your sustenance to be that ye charge with falsehood the Giver thereof by attributing it to the stars called أَنْوَآء as expl. by Bḍ and Jel]. (TA.)

He pronounced (Er-Rághib, Ḳ) a thing by a true judgment or decision, (Er-Rághib,) or as a legal ordinance; (Ḳ;) as in the saying (of the Legislator, TA), جَعَلَ ٱللّٰهُ الصَّلَوَاتِ المَفْرُوضَاتِ خَمْسًا [God hath pronounced the prayers that are made obligatory to be five] (Ḳ.) And He pronounce (Er-Rághib, Ḳ *) a thing by a false judgment or decision, (Er-Rághib,) or according to his own judgment, heretically; (Ḳ;) as in the saying [in the Ḳur xv. 91], الَّذِينَ جَعَلُوا القُرْآنَ عِضِينَ [Who pronounced the Ḳur-án to be lies, or enchantment,, &c.]. (Er-Rághib, Ḳ.)

He called, or named, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) a thing; (Mṣb;) as in the saying [in the Ḳur xliii. 18], وَجَعَلُوا المَلَائِكَةَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عِبَادُ الرَّحْمٰنِ إِنَاثًا [And they have called the angels, who are the servants of the Compassionate, females]: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or, as some say, the meaning is, have described them as, and pronounced them to be, females; like as one says, جَعَلَ فُلَانٌ زَيْدًا أَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ [Such a one described Zeyd as, and pronounced him to be, the most learned of men]: or have held, or believed, them to be females; like as the verb signifies in the saying in the Ḳur [xvi. 59], وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلّٰهِ البَنَاتِ [And they hold, or believe, God to have daughters: or this may be rendered and they attribute to God daughters]. (TA.) You say also, جَعَلْتُ زَيْدًا أَخَاكَ, meaning I asserted Zeyd to be related to thee [as a brother; or I called Zeyd thy brother]. (Ḳ.)

He thought; as in the saying, جَعَلَ البَصْرَةَ بَغْدَادَ [He thought El-Basrah to be Baghdád]; (Ḳ;) and so in the saying, جَعَلْتُهُ عَبْدًا فَشَتَمْتُهُ [I thought him to be a slave, and consequently I reviled him]. (Ḥam p. 31.)

He made known, or plain, or perspicuous; as in the saying [in the Ḳur xliii. 2, of which one explanation has been given above], إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا [Verily we have made it known,, &c., as an Arabic Ḳur-án]: (Ḳ:) or the meaning is, we have revealed it [as such]. (TA.)

He exalted, or ennobled; as in the saying [in the Ḳur ii. 137], جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا [We have exalted you, or ennobled you, as a nation conforming to the just mean; or just, or equitable, or good]: (Ḳ:) [or it may be rendered, we have made you a nation, &c.:] or, as some say, the meaning is, we have called you, or named you, a nation, &c. (TA.)

Also, inf. n. جَعْلٌ, He put, or laid, a thing; or put it, or laid it, down. (Ḳ.) And جَعَلَ بَعْضَهُ فُوْقَ بَعْضٍ He put, or threw, one part of it upon another. (Ḳ.)

He inserted a thing into a thing; as in the Ḳur [ii. 18], يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِى آذَانِهِمْ [They insert, or put, their fingers into their ears]. (TA.)

He put into the heart, or mind; as in the Ḳur [lvii. 27], وَجَلْنَا فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوهُ رَأْفَةً وَرَحْمَةً [And we put into the hearts of those who followed him pity and com- passion]. (TA.)

[He appointed, or assigned, or stipulated to give, or gave, wages, pay, or a stipend, &c.]. You say, جَعَلْتُ لَهُ جُعْلًا [I appointed him,, &c., wages, pay, or a stipend]. (Mṣb.) And جَعَلَ لَهُ كَذَا عَلَى كَذَا He stipulated with him to give him such a thing for [doing] such a thing. (Ḳ.) And جَعَلَ [alone] He gave wages, pay, or a stipend, to another to serve for him in war, i. e., in his stead. (Mgh.) Andأَجْعَلْتُ↓ لَهُ I gave to him wages, pay, or a stipend. (Ṣ,* Mgh.) Andأَجْعَلَهُ↓ جُعْلًا andأَجْعَلَهُ↓ لَهُ, He gave to him wages, pay, or a stipend. (Ḳ, TA.) And it is said in a trad., جَعَلَ لِقَوْمِهِ مِائَةً مِنَ الإِبِلِ عَلَى أَنْ يُسَلِّمُوا [He gave, or stipulated to give, to his people, or party, a hundred camels on the condition that they should surrender]. (Mgh.)

جَعَلَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا He set about, began, commenced, took to, or betook himself to, doing such a thing; (Ḳ,* TA;) he became occupied in doing such a thing. (TA.)

جَعَلَ is also, sometimes, an intrans. verb included among the verbs of appropinquation (أَفْعَالُ المُقَارَبَةِ); as in the saying,

* وَقَدْ جَعَلْتُ إِذَا مَا قُمْتُ يُثْقِلُنِى *

* ثَوْبِى فَأَنْهَضُ نَهْضَ الشَّارِبِ الثَّّمِلِ *

[And I was beginning to be, or at the point of being, in such a state that, when I rose, my garment heavily burdened me, so that I stood up as stands up the intoxicated drinker]. (Ḳ.)

جَعِلَ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَجْعَلُ}, (Ḳ,) inf. n. جَعَلٌ; (Ṣ;) andاجعل↓; (Ḳ;) It (water) had in it many جِعْلَان, pl. of جُعَلٌ: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or had in it dead جِعْلَان. (Ḳ.)

And جَعِلَ, (TḲ,) inf. n. جَعَلٌ, (IAạr, Ḳ, TḲ,) He (a boy, TḲ) was, or became, short and fat. (IAạr, Ḳ. [In the explanation of الجَعَلُ in the CK, القَصِيرُ is erroneously put for القِصَرُ.])

And He (a man, TḲ) persisted; or persisted obstinately; or persisted in contention, or litigation; or contended, or litigated; جَعَلٌ being syn. with لَجَاجٌ. (IAạr, Ḳ.)

جاعلهُ, (A, Ḳ,) inf. n. مُجَاعَلَةٌ and جِعَالٌ, (TA,) He endeavoured to conciliate him by means of a bribe. (A, Ḳ.* [In the CK, رَشّاهُ is erroneously put for رَاشَاهُ.])

see جَعَلَ, above, in three places:

and see جَعِلَ, above.

اجعل القِدْرَ He put down the cooking-pot (Ṣ, Ḳ) from the fire (Ṣ) with the piece of rag called جِعَال. (Ṣ, Ḳ,)

أَجْعَلَتْ andاستجعلت↓ said of a bitch, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and of other animals, (Ḳ,) of any beasts of prey, (Ṣ,) She desired, (Ṣ, Ḳ, Er-Rághib,) or loved, (Ḳ,) copulation: (Ṣ, Ḳ, Er-Rághib:) metonymically used in this sense. (Er-Rághib, TA.)

تجاعلوا الشَّىْءَ They stipulated among themselves to give the thing as wages, pay, or stipend: (Ḳ:) from جُعْلٌ. (TA.) You say also, تجاعل النَّاسُ بَيْنَهُمْ عِنْدَ البَعْثِ [The people stipulated among themselves to give wages, or pay, to such of them as should serve as substitutes, on the occasion of being ordered forth to war]. (TA.)

اجتعل: see 1, first sentence.

Also He took, or received, wages, pay, or a stipend. (Mgh, TA.)

جَعْلٌ Short palm-trees: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or shoots, or offsets, of palm-trees, cut off from the mothertrees, or plucked forth from the ground, and planted: or bad palm-trees: or palm-trees that rise beyond the reach of the hand: (Ḳ:) n. un. with ة {جَعْلَةٌ}: (Ṣ: [in the Ḳ, not so correctly, pl. of جَعْلَةٌ:]) and palm-trees such as are called بَعْلٌ [q. v.]. (Ḳ.)

جُعْلٌ Wages; pay; a stipend; or a thing that is appointed, or stipulated, to be given to a man for work, or service; (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb,* Ḳ;) of more general import than أُجْرَةٌ and ثَوَابٌ; (TA;) as alsoجِعَالَةٌ↓ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and (as some say, Mṣb) جَعَالَةٌ↓ (Aṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) andجُعَالَةٌ↓ (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) andجَعِيلَةٌ↓ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) andجِعَالٌ↓ (Ḳ) andجَعَلٌ↓: (Ḥar p. 134:) pl. جُعُلٌ (TA) and (of جعيلة or جعالة, Mgh) جَعَائِلُ. (Mgh, TA.) Afterwards, (Mgh,) orجَعَالَةٌ↓ andجِعَالَةٌ↓ andجُعَالَةٌ↓, (Ḳ, TA,) Wages, or pay, or the like, which one gives to a man who goes to war (Mgh, Ḳ, TA) as a substitute for the giver, (Ḳ, TA,) that he may aid himself thereby to serve in the war: (Mgh:) pl. of the last three words جَعَائِلُ (TA.) And جُعْلٌ, (TA in art. رشو,) orجَعَالَةٌ↓, (Ḳ,) A bribe. (Ḳ, TA.) Andجَعِيلَةٌ↓ الغَرَقِ What is given, or stipulated to be given, to him who dives for goods or for a man drowned. (TA.)

جِعْلٌ andجَعِلٌ↓ andمُجْعِلٌ↓ Water having in it many جِعْلَان, pl. of جُعَلٌ: or having in it dead جِعْلَان. (Ḳ.) Andأَرْضٌ مُجْعِلَةٌ↓ A land abounding with جِعْلَان. (Ḳ.)

جُعَلٌ [The species of black beetle called cantharus;] a certain insect (دُوَيْبَّة); (Ṣ, Ḳ;) a certain black insect, found in moist places, (TA,) that rolls along a little ball [of dung] called دُحْرُوجَة [in which it deposits its eggs]: (Ṣ and Ḳ in art. دحرج:) [see also خُنْفَسَآءُ: it is strangely explained in the Mṣb as the حِرْبَآء, which is the male of the أُمُّ حُبَيْن:] pl. جِعْلَانٌ. (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

Hence, as being likened thereto, (TA,) A black and ugly and small man: or one who is wont to persist, or to persist obstinately, or to persist in contention or litigation, or to contend or litigate: and (as some say, TA) i. q. رَقِيبٌ [a watcher, an observer,, &c.]. (Ḳ, TA.)

جِعَالٌ A piece of rag with which a cooking-pot is put down (Ṣ, Ḳ) from the fire; (Ṣ;) as alsoجِعَالَةٌ↓ andجُعَالَةٌ↓: (Ḳ:) pl. جُعُلٌ (Ṣ, TA) and جَعَائِلُ. (TA.)

See also جُعْلٌ.

جَعْوَلٌ The young of the ostrich. (IDrd, Ḳ.)

جَاعِلٌ [act. part. n. of جَعَلَ] Giving [wages, pay, or a stipend:, &c.]. (Ḳ.)

مُجْعِلٌ applied to a bitch, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and to any animal (Ṣ, Ḳ) or beast of prey, (Ṣ,) Desiring, (Ṣ,) or loving, (Ḳ,) copulation. (Ṣ, Ḳ. [See 4])

Also, fem. with ة {مُجْعِلَةٌ}: see جِعْلٌ, in two places.

مُجْتَعِلٌ Taking, or receiving, [wages, pay, or a stipend.] (Ḳ.)