Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

حَصُنَ, (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَحْصُنُ}, (Ḳ, TA,) inf. n. حَصَانَةٌ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, TA,) said of a حِصْن [or fortress], (Ṣ,) or of a place, (Mgh, Mṣb, TA,) i. q. مَنُعَ, [for which the CK erroneously substitutes وَمَنَعَ, after كَكَرُمَ, as though the verb were حَصُنَ and حَصَنَ,] (Ḳ, TA,) [i. e.] It was, or became, مَنِيع [meaning inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access]; it was, or became, unattainable, by reason of its height; (Mṣb;) it was fortified, or protected against attack, so that one could not gain access to what was within it. (Mgh.)

Hence, (Mgh,) حَصُنَتْ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَحْصُنُ}, (Ḳ,) inf. n. حُصْنٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ) and حَصْنٌ and حِصْنٌ (Ḳ) and حَصَانَةٌ; (Ṣ,* Mṣb,* TA;) andأَحْصَنَتْ↓, (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ,) inf. n. إِحْصَانٌ; (Mgh;) andتحصّنت↓; (Ḳ;) said of a woman, She was, or became, continent, or chaste; or she abstained from what was not lawful nor decorous; syn. عَفَّتْ: (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or she was, or became, married; or she had a husband; (Ḳ;) as also حَصَنَتْ andأُحْصِنَتْ↓: (Ḥam p. 101, in which حَصُنَتْ is likewise mentioned in this sense:) orأَحْصَنَتْ↓ signifies she was, or became, pregnant; (Ḳ;) as though pregnancy protected her from a man's going in to her. (TA.)

حَصَنَهُ, inf. n. حَصْنٌ, He preserved, or guarded, him, or it, in places inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access, as in a حِصْن [or fortress]. (TA.) [See also 2 and 4.]

حصّنهُ, [inf. n. تَحْصِينٌ;] andاحصنهُ↓; He made it, or rendered it, inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access; (Mṣb, Ḳ;) he made it, or rendered it, unattainable, by reason of its height; (Mṣb;) he fortified it, or protected it against attack, so that one could not gain access to what was within it; (Mgh;) namely, a place. (Mgh, Mṣb.) حَصَّنْتُ القَرْيَةَ I built a wall around the town, or village. (Ṣ.)

For the former verb, see also 4.

And see 5.

احصنهُ: see 2.

Also He, (God,) or it, (a coat of mail [or the like],) protected, or defended, him. (Fr, Mgh,* TA.)

العِفَّةُ تُحْصِنُ مِنَ الرِّيبَةِ [Continence, or chastity, preserves from suspicion, or evil opinion]. (Mgh.)

الَّتِى أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا, in the Ḳur [xxi. 91 and lxvi. last verse], means Who preserved her pudendum from that which is unlawful or indecorous; (Zj, Mgh,* TA;) who abstained from what is unlawful or indecorous; or was continent, or chaste. (Mṣb.)

احصن المَرْأَةَ He (her husband) caused the woman to abstain from that which is unlawful or indecorous, or to be continent or chaste; (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ;*) as alsoحَصَّنَهَا↓. (Ḳ.) And احصنهُ التَّزَوُّجُ [Marriage caused him to abstain from that which is unlawful, &c.]. (Ḳ.)

[Also He married the woman; i. e. gave her in marriage.] See أُحْصِنَتْ above, in the first paragraph. In the Ḳur iv. 30, some read فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ, meaning And when they are married. (Ṣ, TA.) And a poet says,

* أَحْصَنُوا أُمَّهُمُ مِنْ عَبْدِهِمْ *

* تِلْكَ أَفْعَالُ القِزَامِ الوَكَعَهْ *

i. e. They married [their mother to their slave: such are the deeds of the mean, the base]. (Ṣ.)

أَحْصَنَتْ, intrans.: see 1, in two places.

In the Ḳur iv. 30, some read فَإِذَا أَحْصَنَّ; and accord. to Ibn-Mesʼood, this, said of female slaves, means And when they are Muslimehs. (TA.) Accord. to Aboo-Ḥaneefeh, الإِحْصَانُ in a case of stoning involves six conditions; The being a Muslimeh, and free, and of sound intellect, and of the age of puberty, and validly married, and having had her marriage consummated: and in a case of charging with adultery, the being a Muslimeh, and free, and of sound intellect, and of the age of puberty, and continent, or chaste. (Mgh.)

And أحْصَنَ He (a man, Ṣ, Mṣb) married, or took a wife. (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ.) With the lawyers, إِحْصَانٌ means The act of coïtus conjugalis in a case of valid marriage; and accord. to Esh-Sháfiʼee, by a free man who has attained to puberty, and in the case of a free woman who has attained to puberty, among the Muslims and the believers in a plurality of gods; meaning, in a case of valid marriage. (Mṣb.)

تحصّن, said of the enemy, (Ṣ, TA,) [He fortified himself: or] he entered the [or a] حِصْن [or fortress]: or protected himself by it: or took it, or made it, as a place of abode. (TA.)

And hence, He guarded, or protected, himself in any way. (TA.)

See also 1.

Also He (a horse, TA) became a حِصَان, (Ḳ,) i. e. a stallion, or fit to cover: (TA voce رَاحَ:) or affected to be so: (Az, TA:) [and soحَصَّنَ↓ or حُصِّنَ; for] a horse in this case is said to bear evidence of التَّحَصُّن and التَّحْصِين. (Ṣ,* Ḳ, TA.)

حِصْنٌ [A fortress; a fort; a fortified place;] a place of which the interior is inaccessible; (Ḳ;) any place that is fortified, or protected against attack, so that one cannot gain access to what is within it; (Mgh;) a place that is unattainable, by reason of its height; (Mṣb;) a fortified city: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] حُصُونٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and حِصَنَةٌ and [of pauc.] أَحْصَانٌ. (Ḳ.) [Hence,] أَبُو الحِصْنِ: see أَبُو الحُصَينِ, below. [Hence, also,] خَيْلُ العَرَبِ حُصُونُهَا ذُكُرُهَا وَإِنَاثُهَا ‡ [The horses of the Arabs are their حُصُون; the males thereof and the females thereof]. (TA.) A man said to ʼAbd-Allah Ibn-El-Ḥasan, “My father has left the third of his property for the حُصُون:” and he replied “Buy thou horses:” so in the A: in the M, “Buy thou therewith horses, and mount [men] on them [to fight] in the cause of God.” (TA.)

[Hence, also,] ‡ Arms. (Ḳ, TA.) You say, جَآءَ يَحْمِلُ حِصْنًا ‡ He came bearing arms. (TA.)

Also The [new moon; or the moon when it is termed] هِلَال: in the Ḳ, الهَلَاكُ is erroneously put for الهِلَالُ. (TA.)

حَصَانٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) andحَاصِنٌ↓ (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ) andحَاصِنَةٌ↓ (Ḳ) andحَصْنَآءُ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andمُحْصِنَةٌ↓ (Th, Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) andمُحْصَنَةٌ↓, (Th, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) applied to a woman, Continent, or chaste; or abstaining from what is not lawful nor decorous, (Th, Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) or from that which induces suspicion or evil opinion: (Sh and TA in explanation of the first of these epithets:) or married; having a husband: (Ḳ:) or حَصَانٌ has both of these significations: (Ḥam p. 101:) and accord. to Th, (Ṣ,) مُحْصَنَةٌ↓, with fet-ḥ only, has the latter signification; (Ṣ, Mgh,* Mṣb;*) and means caused to be continent or chaste, or to abstain from that which is unlawful or indecorous, by her husband: (Mgh: [and the same is implied in the Ṣ:]) and this epithet is also applied to a woman emancipated: and to one having become a Muslimeh: (Az, TA:) [certain particular applications of مُحْصِنَةٌ↓ have been implicatively shown above: see 4:] the pl. of حَصَانٌ is حُصُنٌ and حَصَانَاتٌ: and the pl. ofحَاصِنٌ↓ andحَاصِنَةٌ↓ is حَوَاصِنُ and حَاصَنَاتٌ: the former of which (حواصن) also signifies pregnant, (Ḳ,) applied to women: (TA:) the pl. محصنات, in the first instance of its occurrence in ch. iv. [verse 28] of the Ḳur, is read by all مُحْصَنَات↓, (AʼObeyd, TA,) meaning having husbands; (AʼObeyd, Mgh, Mṣb, TA;) because when such women are made captives, their marriage-tie is cut: but in other instances, some read thus, understanding it in the sense last explained; and others read مُحْصِنَات↓, as meaning that have become Muslimehs: (AʼObeyd, TA:) in the Ḳur iv. 29, it means free women: and in the Ḳur v. 7, continent, or chaste, women: (Mgh: [in the Mṣb, it is said to have the latter of these last two meaning in iv. 29, and the former of them in v. 7:]) مُحْصَنَات↓ is the more common in the language of the Arabs. (Fr, TA.)

حَصَانٌ also signifies A pearl, or a large pearl; syn. دُرَّةٌ: (Ḳ:) because it is protected in the interior of the shell that contains it. (TA.)

حِصَانٌ A generous, or high-bred, horse, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) of whose seed one is niggardly: (Ḳ:) or a male horse: (Mgh, Ḳ:) or this latter is a secondary meaning, originating from frequency of usage: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) or a stallion horse; or one fit to cover: (TA voce رَاحَ:) the حِصَان is. so called because he preserves his rider: (TA:) or because his back is like the حِصْن to his rider; (Mgh, Mṣb;) wherefore horses are called حُصُونٌ: (Mgh:) or because one is niggardly of his seed, so that he is not made to cover any but a generous mare: (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb:) pl. حُصُنٌ. (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

حَصِبينٌ, applied to a place, (Mṣb, TA,) or to a حِصْن [or fortress], (Ṣ,) Inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access; syn. مَنِيعٌ; (Mṣb, Ḳ;*) [unattainable, by reason of its height; fortified, or protected against attack, so that one cannot gain access to what is within it; (see حَصُنَ, of which it is the part. n.;)] a building that protects him who has recourse to it for refuge. (Sb, TA.)

هُوَ الحَصِينُ أَنْ يُرَامَ, meaningأَحْصَنُ↓ مِنْ أَنْ يُرَامَ: see (near its end) the first paragraph in art. ال.

دِرْعٌ (Ḳ) and حَصِينَةٌ (Sh, Ḳ) A coat of mail firmly, strongly, or compactly made: (Ḳ:) or trusty, or trusted in, having the rings [for الخلق in the L and TA, I read الحَلَق,] near together; such that weapons produce no effect upon it: (Sh, L, TA:) so called because it is [as] a حِصْن to the body. (Er-Rághib, TA.)

[حُصَيْنٌ dim. of حِصْنٌ.]

[Hence,] أَبُوالحُصَيْنِ The fox; syn. الثَّعْلَبُ; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) so called because of his protecting himself from causes of harm by his acuteness; (Ḥar p. 663;) as alsoأَبُو الحِصْنِ↓. (M, Ḳ.)

حَاصَنٌ and حَاصِنَةٌ: see حَصَانٌ, in four places.

The latter also signifies A man's wife: and so حَاضِنَةٌ. (TA.)

أَحْصَنُ [More, and most, strongly fortified, or protected against attack]. (TA in art. لوم.) See also حَصِينٌ.

مُحْصَنٌ Wheat stored up. (TA in art. عسى.)

A man caused, by marriage, to abstain from that which is unlawful or indecorous, or to be continent or chaste; expl. by قَدْ أَحْصَنَهُ التَّزَوُّجُ. (Ḳ.) And A man married, or having a wife; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoمُحْصِنٌ↓: (Zj, Mṣb:) the former anomalous [if أُحْصِنَ be not allowable as meaning, like أَحْصَنَ, “he married,” or “took a wife:” but see 1 and 4]. (Ṣ, Mṣb.) For the fem., مُحْصَنَةٌ, and its pl., مُحْصَنَاتٌ, see حَصَانٌ, in four places.

مِحْصَنٌ A lock; syn. قُفْلٌ. (Ḳ.)

The piece of iron that extends upwards upon the nose of the horse, having its base in the كِعَامَة, which is the iron thing that embraces, or clasps, (تَلْتَقِمُ,) the muzzle of the horse. (IDrd in his book on the Saddle and Bridle, pp. 8-9.) [Jac. Schultens, as cited in Freytag's Lex., explains it as Ferramentum quoddam in fræno equi et frænum ipsum.]

A [basket of the kind called] زَبِيل: (Ḳ:) one should not say مِحْصَنَةٌ. (TA.)