Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

حَمُضَ, aor. ـُ {يَحْمُضُ}; and حَمَضَ, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَحْمُضُ}, (Ṣ,) or ـَ, (Ḳ,) or both; (TA;) and حَمِضَ, aor. ـَ {يَحْمَضُ}; (Ḳ;) inf. n. [of the first] حُمُوضَةٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and [of the second or third] حَمْضٌ, (as in some copies of the Ṣ and of the Ḳ,) or حَمَضٌ; (as in other copies of the Ṣ and of the Ḳ;) said of a thing, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb,) or the third is said particularly of milk, (Ḳ,) It was, or became, حَامِض [i. e. acid, sour, sharp or biting to the taste, pungent, or in taste like vinegar or like sour milk: see حُمُوضةٌ below]; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoحمّض↓, inf. n. تَحْمِيضٌ. (TA.) You say, جَآءَنَا بِإِدْلَةٍ مَا تُطاقُ حَمْضًا, or حَمضًا, (accord. to different copies of the Ṣ,) He brought us some thick and very sour milk, not to be endured by reason of sourness. (Ṣ.)

[Hence, or from حَمْضٌ, q. v. infrà,] حَمَضَتِ الإِبِلُ, (Aṣ, Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَحْمُضُ}, (Aṣ, Ṣ TA,) inf. n. حُمُوضٌ (Aṣ, Ṣ, Ḳ) and حَمْضٌ; (Ḳ;) andاحمضت↓; (A, TṢ, Ḳ;) The camels pastured upon حَمْض [q. v.]; (Aṣ, Ṣ, A;) or ate it. (Ḳ.)

[And hence, because camels become weary of eating حَمْض,] حَمَضْتُ عَنْهُ † I disliked him, or it. (Ṣgh, Ḳ.)

And [because camels are eager for حَمْض after eating long of خُلَّة,] حَمَضْتُ بِهِ † I eagerly desired him, or it. (Ṣgh, Ḳ.)

حمّض, inf. n. تَحْمِيضٌ: see 1, first signification.

[It seems to be also syn. with تحمّض, q. v.: for,]

said of a man, it signifies أَتَى المَرْأَةَ فِى دُبُرِهَا, as though he shifted from the better of the two places to the worse thereof, by reason of preposterous desire: (TA:) as alsoاحمض↓: opposed to أَخَلَّ [q. v.]. (TA in art. خل.)

تَحْمِيضٌ also signifies † تَفْخِيذٌ (Ṣ, TA) in جِمَاع. (TA.)

Also † The giving, or doing, little of a thing. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) You say, حَمَّضَ لَنَا فُلَانٌ فِى القِرَى † Such a one gave, or did, little to us in entertaining. (Ṣ.)

حَمَّضْتُ الإِبِلَ: see 4.

حمّضهُ عَنْهُ: see 4.

احمضت الأَرْضُ The land became abundant in حَمْض [q. v.]. (Ṣ.)

احمض القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, lighted on, or found, حَمْض. (TA.)

احمضت الإِبِلُ i. q. حَمَضَت, q. v. (A, TṢ, Ḳ.)

[And hence,] احمض القَوْمُ ‡ The people, or company of men, launched into, or entered upon, cheering discourse. (A, TA.) I’Ab used to say to his companions, أَحْمِضُوا ‡ [Launch ye forth, or enter upon, cheering discourse]; (A, TA;) whereupon they would begin to recite poetry, and to relate the memorable conflicts of the Arabs; (A;) because they then entered into traditions and stories of the Arabs, being weary of the interpretation of the Ḳur-án, [like camels betaking themselves to the pasture termed حَيْض when weary of that termed خُلَّة.] (TA.) [And in like manner,] إِحْمَاضٌ also means † The changing from seriousness to jesting or joking. (Ḥar p. 10.)

See also 2. [And see 5.]

احمضتُ الإِبِلَ; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) orحَمَّضْتُهَا↓, inf. n. تَحْمِيضٌ; (ISk;) I pastured the camels upon حَمْض. (ISk, Ṣ Ḳ.)

[And hence, as camels are pastured upon حَمْض after they have pastured for a time upon خُلَّة,] احمضهُ عَنْهُ, andحمّضهُ↓, ‡ He shifted him from it [to another thing]. (TA.)

تحمّض [app. signifies, in its primary acceptation, He (a camel) betook himself to the pasture termed حَمْض after eating for a time of that termed خُلَّة. (See also 1 and 4 and 2.)]

[And hence,] ‡ He shifted from one thing to another thing. (TA.)

[Hence also,] one says to a man when he comes threatening, أَنْتَ مُخْتَلَّ فَتَحَمَّضْ ‡ [Thou art disordered in temper, therefore sooth thyself]: (Ṣ, A:) from خُلَّةٌ and حَمْضٌ. (Ṣ.) [See also خُلِّىٌّ, in art. خل.]

حَمْضٌ [a coll. gen. n.] A kind of plant in which is saltness, (A, Mṣb,) which camels eat as though it were fruit, and after which they drink: (A:) other plants are termed خُلَّة: (Mṣb:) or what is salt and bitter, of plants; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) such as the رِمْث and the أَثْل and the طَرْفَآء and the like: (Ṣ:) what is sweet is called خُلَّة: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or any kind of plant that is salt, or sour, rising upon [several] stems, and having no [single] أَصْل [or stock]: (M [as cited in the L, but I doubt whether the passage be correctly transcribed]:) or any salt, or sour, kind of trees; having a juicy and quivering leaf, which, when squeezed, bursts forth with water; and having a pungent, or strong, odour; that cleanses the garment and the hand when they are washed with it; such as the نَجِيل and the خذْرَاف and the إِخْرِيط and the رِمْث and the قِضَة and the قُلَّام and the هَرْم and the حُرْض and the رُغل and the طَرْفَآء and the like: (Lḥ:) or any plant that does not dry up in the رَبِيع [or spring], but endures the hot season, having in it saltness; when camels eat it, they drink upon it; and when they do not find it, they become thin and weak: (Lth, T:) the Arabs say that the خُلَّة is the bread of camels, and the حَمْض is their fruit, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,*) or, as some say, their flesh-meat; (Ṣ;) or their خَبِيص: (TA in art. خل:) and they say that flesh-meat is the حَمْض of men: (TA:) the n. un. is with ة {حَمْضَةٌ}: (Mgh:) and the pl. is حُمُوضٌ. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) [In Isaiah xxx. 24, the word rendered “clean” in our authorized version is thought by some to mean “salt” or “sour.”]

Hence the saying,

* جَاؤُوا مُخِلِّينَ فَلَاقَوْا حَمْضَا *

‡ They came eagerly desiring evil, or mischief, and found him who cured them of that which affected them: which is like the saying of Ru-beh,

* وَنُورِدُ المُسْتَوْرِدِينَ حَمْضَا *

‡ And him who cometh to us seeking to do evil, or mischief, we cure of his disease: for camels, when they are satiated with خُلَّة, eagerly desire حَمْض [to cure them of the effect of the former]. (TA. [See also خُلِّىٌّ, in art. خل.])

Hence, also, by way of comparison, حَمْض is applied to ‡ Evil, and war: and خُلَّة, to ease, or repose; freedom from trouble or inconvenience, and toil or fatigue; or tranquillity; and ampleness of circumstances: (T and TA in art. خل:) and the former, to death: and the latter, to life. (Ḥam p. 315.)

فُؤَادٌ حَمْضٌ and نَفْسٌ حَمْضةٌ mean † A mind that takes fright at a thing, and shrinks from it, at first hearing it. (TA.)

حَمْضَةٌ † Eager desire for a thing. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) It is said in a trad., الأُذُنُ مَجَّاجَةٌ وَلِلنَّفْسِ حَمْضةٌ; (Ṣ, TA;) and in another, لِلْأُذُنِ مَجَّةٌ وللنفس حمضة; (TA;) [both meaning the same;] † The ear is wont to reject what it hears, not retaining it, when one is exhorted to do a thing, or forbidden to do it, while the mind has eager desire to hear: (IAth:) or the ear retains not all that that it hears, while having eager desire for what it deems elegant, of extraordinary matters of discourse and speech. (Az.) This usage of the word is taken from the eager desire of camels for حَمْض when they have become weary of خُلَّة. (Ṣ.)

بَعِيرٌ حَمْضِىٌّ, and إِبِلٌ حَمْضِيَّةٌ and حَمَضِيَّةٌ: see حَامِضٌ:

and أَرْضٌ حَمْضِيَّةٌ: see حَمِيضةٌ.

حُمُوضةٌ [Acidity; sourness; the quality of being sharp or biting to the taste; pungency;] the taste of that which is termed حَامِض. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) [See 1.] الحُمُوضةُ is also explained as signifying That which bites the tongue; as the taste of vinegar, and of milk such as is termed حَازِر: which is extr., [if it be meant thereby that the word is thus used as an epithet to qualify a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant, but I rather think that it is a loose way of explaining it as an inf. n. used as a simple subst.,] for [the measure] فُعُولَةٌ does not belong [save] to inf. ns. (TA: [in which the word إِلَّا is evidently omitted by an oversight in transcription, and therefore has been supplied by me in rendering the passage.])

أَرْضٌ حَمِيضَةٌ Land abounding with حَمْض; (ISh, Ḳ;) as alsoارض مُحْمِضَةٌ↓; (Ṣ;) andارض حَمْضِيَّةٌ↓: (TA:) pl. of the first, أَرَضُونَ حُمُضٌ, (as in some copies of the Ḳ,) or حُمْضٌ: (as in other copies of the same, and in the TA:) and حُمُوضٌ [which seems to be another pl. of the first of these epithets] is explained as signifying land possessing حَمْض. (TA.)

حُمَّاضٌ [Sorrel; or particularly the rose-flowered sorrel; more commonly called in the present day حُمَّيْض;] a certain plant having a red flower; (Ṣ;) a herb, or leguminous plant, of the kind termed ذُكُور, having a produce, or fruit, red like blood; (Ḥam p. 823;) a certain herb (Ḳ, TA) growing in the mountains, of herbs of the [season called] رَبِيع, (TA,) the leaves of which are like those of the هِنْدِبَآء, (Ḳ, TA,) large and broad; (TA;) it is acid, (Ḳ, TA,) intensely so; its flower is red, and its leaves are green: (TA: [in which is here added ويتناوس فى ثمره مثل حبّ الرمّان, app. for وَيَتَنَوَّسُ الخ; meaning that it waves much to and fro when blown by the wind, and describing its fruit as containing what resemble the grains of the pomegranate:]) it is pleasant to the taste; (Ḳ, TA;) and is eaten by men, but in small quantity: AḤn and Aboo-Ziyád say, it grows very tall, and has a wide leaf, and a red flower, which, when it is near to drying up, becomes white: and Aboo-Ziyád says, in our mountain-country it is abundant; and is of two species; one of these two is acid, [but] pleasant to the taste; (TA;) and one species thereof is bitter; (Ḳ, TA;) in the lower parts of each, when they are full grown, is a redness; and the seeds and leaves of the acid species are used medicinally: Az says, it is a wild herb, or leguminous plant, that grows in the days of the [season called] رَبِيع, in the channels of water, and has a red flower, and is of the herbs, or leguminous plants, which are termed ذُكُور: IB says, the places of its growth are the small channels of water, and the places to which valleys take their courses; and in it is acidity: sometimes, also, the people of settled habitations make it to grow in their gardens, and water it and sustain it so that it does not dry up in the time when the wild herbs, or leguminous plants, dry up: it is also said in the Minháj that it is both wild and growing in gardens; that the wild is called سلق, [but this name is commonly applied to bete,] and in all of this there is not acidity: the garden-kind resembles the هندباء, and in this is acidity, and an excessive viscous moisture: the best is the acid, gardenkind: here ends the quotation from the Minháj: (TA:) each species, (Ḳ, TA,) the bitter and the pleasant, or the garden-kind and the wild, (TA,) is good for thirst, and for inflammation arising from yellow bile; and strengthens the bowels; and allays heaving of the stomach, and hot palpitation, and tooth-ache; and is good for the black [or livid] jaundice; (Ḳ,* TA;) and, when cooked, and applied externally, for the leprosy; and for the ringworm (قُوَبَآء); and for glandular swellings in the neck, so much so that it is said to do good to him who has these even when hung upon the neck: with vinegar, also, it is good for the mange, or scab; and it is astringent; and puts a stop to malacia [so I render شَهْوَةالطِّين, lit. “the longing for clay”]: its seeds are cold in the first degree, and have an astringent property, particularly when fried: (TA:) they say that if these be hung, in a purse, upon a woman's left upper arm, she will not become pregnant as long as they remain upon her: (Ḳ,* TA:) they are also good for the sting of scorpions; and if some of the seeds be swallowed before the scorpion's stinging, its stinging will not hurt. (TA.)

Also What is in the interior of the [kind of citron called] أُتْرُجّ: (A, Ḳ:) n. un. with ة {حُمَّاضَةٌ}: (A:) it is cold and dry in the third degree; used as a liniment, it removes freckles and the like, and clears the complexion; and it suppresses (يَقْمَعُ) the yellow bile; and gives appetite for food; and is good for hot palpitation; and made into a beverage, it sweetens the odour of the mouth; and is good for looseness arising from yellow bile; and is suitable for those who are fevered. (TA.) [In the present day, in Egypt, this name is applied to A species of citron, itself, with a conical apex, and very acid pulp.]

حُمَّيْضَى A certain plant: not from حُمُوضَة. (TA.)

حُمَّاضِيَّةٌ A confection composed of حُمَّاض of the أُتْرُجّ. (TA.)

حَامِضٌ [Acid; sour; sharp or biting to the taste; pungent; having a taste like that of vinegar or like that of sour milk; see حُمُوضةٌ;] (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) applied to milk (TA) and other things; (Mṣb;) andمُحَمِّضٌ↓ signifies the same, applied to a grape. (TA.)

[Hence,] رَجُلٌ حَامِضُ الفُؤَادِ ‡ A man whose heart, or mind, is altered and bad, (O, Ḳ,) فِى الغَضَبِ in anger. (O.) And فُلَانٌ حَامِضُ الرِّئَتَيْنِ † Such a one is in a loathing state of mind; syn. مُرُّ النَّفْسِ. (Ṣ.)

إِبِلٌ حَامِضَةٌ Camels pasturing upon حَمْض; (Ṣ.) or eating it; (Ḳ;) or pastur ing upon حَمْض after pasturing upon خُلَّة: (ISk:) pl. حَوَامِضُ: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) andإِبِلٌ حَمْضِيَّةٌ↓ Camels staying among حَمْض; (Aṣ, Ṣ, Ḳ;) as alsoحَمَضِيَّةٌ↓, contr. to rule: (TA:) andبَعِيرٌ حَمْضِىٌّ↓ a camel eating حَمْض. (TA.)

مَحْمَضٌ and مُحْمَضٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) the latter on the authority of AʼObeyd, (Ṣ,) A place in which camels pasture upon حَمْض. (Ṣ, Ḳ.*)

لَبَنٌ مُسْتَحْمِضٌ Milk slow in thickening. (Ibn-ʼAbbád, Ḳ.)