Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

حَمِسَ, aor. ـَ {يَحْمَسُ}, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) inf. n. حَمَسٌ (Ṣ) and حَمَاسَةٌ, (Ḥam p. 2,) He was, or became, hard, firm, strong, strict, or rigorous, in religion, and in fight, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) and in courage, (TA,) and in an affair. (Ḥam p. 2) [See also 5.]

‡ It (an affair, or a case, TA) was, or became, severe, rigorous, distressful, or afflictive: (Ḳ, TA:) and ‡ it (war, or the clamour thereof, الوَغَى,) was, or became, hot, (A, TA,) or vehement. (TA.)

حَمَسَ, aor. ـِ {يَحْمِسُ}, inf. n. حَمْسٌ, He (a man) was, or became, courageous. (Sb, TA.)

تحمّس He acted, or behaved, with forced hardness, firmness, strictness, or rigour, (Ṣ, A, Mgh,) in his religion. (A, Mgh, Ḳ.)

He (a man) feigned disobedience; syn. تَعَاصَى. (Ṣ, TA.)

He protected, or defended, himself, (syn. تَحَرَّمَ,) بِهِ by means of him. (Sh, TA.)

تحامسوا They vied with, strove to surpass, or contended for superiority with, one another in strength, (تَشَادّوا,) and fought one another. (TA.)

حَمَاسٌ Hardness; firmness; strength: defence: conflict. (TA.) [See also حَمَاسَةٌ.]

حَمِيسٌ Vehement. (TṢ, Ḳ.) So in the saying of Ru-beh,

* لَا قَيْنَ مِنْهُ حَمَسًا حَمِيسَا *

[They experienced from it vehement strength]: (TṢ, TA:) or, as Az says, strength and courage. (TA.)

See also أَحْمَسُ, in two places.

حَمَاسةٌ Courage: (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA:) defence: conflict. [See also حَمِسَ.]

أَحْمَسُ Hard, firm, strong, strict, or rigorous, in religion, and in fight, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and in courage; (TA;) as alsoحَمِسٌ↓: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) pl. of the former, حُمْسٌ. (Ḳ.)

Hence, A pious man, who carefully abstains from unlawful things: because he exceeds the usual bounds in matters of religion, and is hard to himself; as alsoمُتَحَمِّسٌ↓. (TA.)

Sing. of الحُمْسُ, (Mgh,) which latter is an epithet applied to The tribes of Kureysh (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) and Kináneh (Ṣ, Ḳ) and Jedeeleh, (Ḳ,) i. e. Jedeeleh of Keys, consisting of [the tribes of] Fahm and and 'Adwán the two sons of ʼAmr the son of Keys the son of 'Eylán, and the Benoo- 'Ámir Ibn-Saasa'ah, (AHeyth, TA,) and their followers in the Time of Ignorance; (Ḳ;) or to Kureysh and their coreligionists; (Mgh;) because of the hardships which they imposed upon themselves in matters of religion, (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Ḳ,) as well as in courage, (TA,) for they used not to enjoy the shade in the days of Minè, nor to enter the houses by their doors, (Ṣ, Mgh, TA,) while they were in the state of إِحْرَام, (TA,) nor to clarify butter, nor to pick up [dung such as is called] جَلَّة, (Ṣ, L,) or بَعْر, (TA,) [for fuel,] and they dwelt in the Haram, (AHeyth, TA,) and did not go forth in the days of the مَوْسِم to 'Arafát, but halted at El-Muzdelifeh, (AHeyth, Mgh, TA,) saying, “We are the people of God, and we go not forth from the Haram:” (AHeyth, TA:) or they were thus called because they made their abode in the Haram: (Ṣgh, TA:) or because they betook themselves for refuge to the حَمْسَآء (الحَمْسَآءُ), which is the Kaabeh, so called because its stones are white inclining to blackness: (Ḳ:) the Benoo- 'Ámir were of the حُمْس, though not of the inhabitants of the Haram, because their mother was of the tribe of Kureysh: the term الأَحْمَاسُ also, [pl. of حَمِسٌ↓ or of حَمِيسٌ↓,] is applied to those of the Arabs whose mothers were of the tribe of Kureysh. (TA.)

Also Courageous; (Sb, Ṣ, Ḳ;) and soحَمِيسٌ↓ andحَمِسٌ↓: (Ḳ:) pl. [of the first, masc. only,] أَحَامِسُ and [masc. and fem.] حُمْسٌ and [of the second or third] أَحْمَاسٌ. (TA.) الأَحَامِسُ is also said to be applied to The tribe of Kureysh: or, accord. to some, to the Benoo- 'Ámir, because descendants of Kureysh: the former is said by IAạr. (TA.)

Hence, (A, TA,) وَقَعَ فِى هِنْدِ الأَحَامِسِ, (A, TṢ, Ḳ,) or لَقِىَ هِنْدَ الأَحَامِسِ, (L,) ‡ He fell into distress (A, L) and trial: (A:) or into calamity: (Ḳ:) or he died: (Ḳ:) or the latter phrase has this last meaning. (ISd, A, and TA in art. هند.) هِنْدٌ was the name of a courageous people of the Arabs. (A, TA.)

عَامٌ أَحْمَسُ, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) and سَنَةٌ حَمْسَآءُ, (Ḳ,) ‡ A severe year. (Ṣ, A, Ḳ.) They say also سِنُونَ أَحَامِسُ ‡ Severe years: (Ḳ:) the masc. form [of the epithet] being used because by سنون is meant أَعْوَامٌ; or the epithet being used after the manner of a subst.: (ISd, TA:) and سِنُونَ حُمْسٌ signifies the same: (Ḳ:) or the latter, years of hunger. (Az, TA.)

نَجْدَةٌ حَمْسَآءُ † Vehement [courage, or fight,, &c.]. (TA.)

مَكَانٌ أَحْمَسُ ‡ A hard place: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or a rugged and hard place: (A:) pl. أَمْكِنَةٌ حُمْسٌ. (Ḳ.) You say also أَرْضٌ أَحَامِسُ, with the pl., meaning, ‡ A sterile, barren, or unfruitful, and narrow, land: (A:) or a land in which is no herbage nor pasturage nor rain nor anything. (TA.) And أَرَضُونَ أَحَامِسُ ‡ Sterile, barren, or unfruitful, lands. (Ṣ, L.)