Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

حَاطَ بِهِ, aor. يَحُوطُ: see 4, in three places.

حَاطَهُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. as above, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) inf. n. حَوْطٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and حِيطَةٌ and حِيَاطَةٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA, [the second and third, in the CK, erroneously, with fet-ḥ to the ح, the former of them being expressly said in the Ṣ and TA, and the latter also in the TA, to be with kesr, and both being shown in the Ṣ to be originally with و, i. e. حِوْطَةٌ and حِوَاطَةٌ,]) and حِيَاطٌ is used in poetry for the last of these; (TA;) andحوّطهُ↓, (Ḳ,) inf. n. تَحْوِيطٌ; (TA;) andتحوّطهُ↓; (Ḳ, TA; [omitted in the CK;]) He guarded, kept, kept safely, protected, or took care of, him, or it; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA;) he defended him, or it; (TA;) he paid frequent attention to him, or it; (Ḳ, TA;) he minded, or was regardful of, the things that were for his, or its, good. (TA.) You say, لَا زِلْتَ فِى حِيَاطَةِ ٱللّٰهِ Mayest thou not cease to be in the protection of God. (TA.) And مَعَ فُلَانٍ حِيطَةٌ لَكَ There is with such a one compassion and affection for thee: you should not say عَلَيْكَ. (Ṣ.) And أَحُوطُ عِرْضِى [I guard, or defend, or take care of, my honour, or reputation]. (TA.) Andهُوَ يَتَحَوَّطُ↓ أَخَاهُ He takes care of, or pays frequent attention to, his brother; and undertakes, or superintends, or manages, his affairs. (TA.) And حَاطَهُمْ قَصَآءَهُمْ and بِقَصَائِهِمْ He fought in their defence. (TA.) [But this is generally meant ironically.] When an affliction befalls thee, and thy brother does not guard thee, or defend thee, and does not aid thee, one says [to thee], حَاطَكَ الفَضَآءَ [so in the TA, app. a mistranscription for القَصَآءَ or القَصَا, with which, however, it is nearly syn.,] which is used ironically; i. e. He guarded thee, or defended thee, in a distant quarter; meaning, ‡ he did not guard thee, or defend thee; for he who guards, or defends, his brother, draws near to him, and supports him, or aids him. (A, TA.) [See also 1 in art. حبو.] You say also, حَاطُونَا القَصَآءَ, (Ḳ,) or القَصَا, (TḲ,) [both are said to be correct in the TA in art. قصو, on the authority of Ibn-Wellád,] in some of the copies of the Ḳ with ف and ض, and in some with ف and ض, the latter unpointed, and so in [a copy of] the A, (TA,) ‡ They retired to a distance from us, they being around us, and we not being distant from them, had they desired to come to us. (Ḳ, TA.) And حُطْنِى القَصَا ‡ Retire thou to a distance from me; (Ibn-Wellád, and Ḳ in art. قصو;) as also القَصَآءَ. (Ibn-Wellád, and TA in that art.) And لَأَحُوطَنَّكَ القَصَا وَلَأَغْزُوَنَّكَ بِالعَصَا, in each case with the short & ا, meaning I will assuredly leave thee, and not go near thee; [and I will assuredly go against thee to fight thee with the staff.] (Ks, TA in art. قصو.) حُطْ حُطْ means Take thou care of the tie of kindred, and preserve it. (IAạr, Ḳ.*) It also signifies Deck thou the boys (الصِّبْيَة [in the CK الصَّبِيَّة the girl]) with the حَوْط [for preservation from the evil eye]. (IAạr, Ḳ.) And حُوطُوا غُلَامَكُمْ Deck ye your boy with the حَوْط. (AA.)

حَاطَ الحِمَارُ عَانَتَهُ, (Ṣ,* Mṣb, Ḳ,) nor, as above, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) inf. n. حَوْطٌ, (Mṣb,) The [wild] he-ass collected, or drew together, (Ṣ,* Mṣb, Ḳ,*) and guarded, or took care of, (TA,) his عَانَة [app. meaning his herd of wild asses: or the phrase may mean the he-ass drew towards himself, or compressed, and guarded, his she-ass: Freytag here renders عانة by “pubem;” and Golius, by “veretrum”]. (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

حوّط حَوْلَهُ, inf. n. تَحْوِيطٌ, He surrounded it by some such thing as earth, so as to make this to encompass it. (Mṣb.) And حوّط كَرْمَهُ, inf. n. as above, He built a حَائِط [or wall] around his vine. (Ṣ.)

Hence, أَنَا أُحَوِّطُ ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرُ ‡ I have within my compass, or power, and care, that thing, or affair; [like أُحَوِّضُ, q. v.;] syn. أَدُورُ. (Ṣ, TA.) [Hence also, حوّط عَلَيْهِ, in the present day, is used to signify † He monopolized it. See also 4.]

حوّط حَائِطًا, (Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He made a حائط [meaning either a walled garden or a wall; app. a wall of enclosure]; (Ḳ, TA;) as alsoاحاطهُ↓. (IDrd, TA.)

See also 1.

حاوط فُلَانًا ‡ He endeavoured to induce such a one to turn, or incline; or endeavoured to turn him by deceit, or guile; (دَاوَرَهُ;) in a matter that he desired of him, and which he refused him: (Ḳ:) as though each of them were guarding, or taking care of, (يَحُوطُ,) the other. (Ḳ: and so in the A, in illustration of what next follows.) حَاوِطْهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَلِينُ لَكَ ‡ Endeavour thou to induce him to turn, or incline; or endeavour thou to turn him by deceit, or guile; [for he will relent to thee;] syn. دَاوِرْهُ. (A, TA.)

احاط بِهِ andحَاطَ↓ بِهِ signify the same [i. e. It, or he, surrounded, encompassed, environed, enclosed, or hemmed in, it, or him]. (TA.) You say, احاط القَوْمُ بِالبَلَدِ, inf. n. إِحَاطَةٌ; andحَاطُوا↓ بِهِ; The people surrounded, encompassed, environed, encircled, or beset, the sides of the town. (Mṣb.) And احاطت الخَيْلُ بِفُلَانٍ, (Ṣ, TA,) andحَاطَتْ↓ به, (TA,) andاحتاطت↓ به, (Ṣ,) The horses, or horsemen, surrounded, encompassed, environed, encircled, or beset, such a one. (Ṣ, TA.) [And احاطوا بِهِ مِنْ جَانِبَيْهِ, meaning They surrounded him on all his sides; lit. on his two sides: see جَنْبٌ.]

It is said in the Ḳur [xvii. 62], إِنَّ رَبَّكَ أَحَاطَ بِالنَّاسِ † Verily thy Lord hath men in his grasp, or power: (Bḍ, TA:) or † hath destroyed them; meaning Kureysh. (Bḍ.) You say also, أُحِيطَ بِفُلَانٍ, meaning † Such a one was destroyed: or † his destruction drew near. (TA.) And hence the saying in the Ḳur [xviii. 40], وَأُحِيطَ بِثَمَرِهِ † And its fruit became smitten by that which destroyed and spoiled it: (TA:) or † his possessions became destroyed: from أَحَاطَ بِهِ العَدُوُّ [the enemy surrounded him]. (Bḍ.) [Hence also, in the same, ii. 75,] وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيْئَتُهُ † And over whom his sin hath gained the mastery, affecting all the circumstances of his case, so that he hath become as though he were entirely encompassed thereby: (Bḍ:) or † who hath died in the belief of a plurality of Gods. (TA.) You also say, احاط بِهِ الأَمْرُ † The thing beset him on every side, so that he had no place of escape from it. (TA.) And احاط عَلَيْهِ † He took it entirely to himself, debarring others from it: [see also 2.] (TA in art شرب.)

احاط بِهِ, (Ḳ,) or احاط بِهِ عِلْمًا, (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA,) and احاط بِهِ عِلْمُهُ, (Ṣ, TA,) ‡ [He comprehended it, or knew it altogether, in all its modes or circumstances;] he knew it extrinsically and intrinsically; (Mṣb;) or he attained the utmost particular thereof, and had a comprehensive and complete knowledge thereof: or he attained everything [relating to it], and the utmost knowledge thereof. (Ḳ, accord. to different copies. [In the CK, اَحْصٰى عِلْمُهُ is put, erroneously, for احصى عِلْمَهُ.]) It is said in the Ḳur [xxvii. 22], أَحَطْتُ بِمَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِ ‡ I have known in all its circumstances, or modes, that which thou hast not so known. (TA.) And you say also, عَلِمَهُ عِلْمَ إِحَاطَةٍ ‡ He knew it in all its circumstances, or modes; nothing of them escaping him. (TA.)

See also 2.

احتاط: see 4.

Also ‡ He took the course prescribed by prudence, precaution, or good judgment; he used precaution; he took the sure course; (Ṣ,* Ḳ,* TA;) لِنَفْسِهِ for himself; (Ṣ, TA;) [and مِنَ الشَّىْءِ against the thing:] he sought the most successful means, and took the surest method; لِلشَّىْءِ for [the accomplishment, or attainment, of] the thing. (Mṣb.) The subst. [denoting the abstract signification of the inf. n., اِحْتِيَاطٌ,] is حيطة, (Mṣb,) i. e.حَيْطَةٌ↓ andحِيطَةٌ↓, (Ḳ, TA,) which latter is originally حِوْطَةٌ, (TA,) [and is also an inf. n. of 1,] andحَوْطَةٌ↓. (Ḳ, TA.) Some hold احتياط to belong to art. حيط. (Mṣb.) You say alsoاستحاط↓ فِى الأُمُورِ [meaning in like manner † He took the course prescribed by prudence,, &c., in affairs, or in the affairs: as is shown below: see مُحْتَاطٌ]. (TA.)

حَوْطٌ A twisted string of two colours, black and red, (IAạr, Ḳ,) called بَرِيم, (IAạr,) upon which are beads and a crescent of silver, which a woman binds upon her waist, [and which is bound upon a boy, (see 1,)] in order that the evil eye may not smite her [or him]: (IAạr, Ḳ:) and also the crescent above mentioned; as well as the string with it. (TA.) [See also تَحْوِيطَةٌ.]

حُوَاطَةٌ An enclosure (حَظِيرَة) made for wheat: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or it signifies a thing which one soon quits, or relinquishes, or from which one soon abstains; and soحُوَاطٌ↓, as occurring [accord. to one relation] in a verse cited voce عُرْسٌ. (L.)

حَيِّطٌ, [originally either حَوِيطٌ or حَيْوِطٌ,] like سَيِّدٌ, A man who guards, protects, or defends, (يَحُوطُ,) his family and his brethren. (TA.)

[حَوَّاطٌ A monopolizer: so in the present day.]

حَوَّاطُ أَمْرٍ ‡ The undertakers, superintendents, or managers, of an affair. (Ḳ, TA.) [See a verse cited voce عُرْسٌ.]

حَائِطٌ A wall. (Mṣb,* Ḳ, TA:) or a wall of enclosure: (Mṣb,* TA:) or one that surrounds a garden: (Mgh:) [often applied to a fence of wood, or sticks, or of reeds, or canes:] so called because it surrounds what is within it; (TA;) but it is a subst., like سَقْفٌ and رُكْنٌ, though implying the meaning of surrounding: (IJ, TA:) or it is an act. part. n., from حَاطَ: (Mṣb:) pl. حِيطَانٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) in which the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, (Ṣ,) but by rule it should be حُوطَانٌ; (Sb, Ḳ;) and حِيَاطٌ. (IAạr, Ḳ.)

And hence, (Mgh,) A garden, (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) in general: or a garden of palmtrees, surrounded by a wall: (TA:) pl. حَوَائِطُ. (Mṣb, TA.)

اِفْعَلِ الأَحْوَطَ † Do thou that which is most comprehensive in relation to the principles of the ordinances [applying to the case], (مَا هُوَ أَجْمَعُ لِأُصُولِ الأَحْكَامِ,) and furthest from the sophistications of interpretations not according to the obvious meanings. (Mṣb.) And هٰذَا أَحْوَطُ † This is more, or most, conducive to put [one] in a position of اِحْتِيَاط [or taking the course prescribed by prudence, precaution, or good judgment;, &c.: see 8]. (Mgh.) The word أَحْوَطُ is from the phrase حَاطَ الحِمَارُ عَانَتَهُ; not from الاِحْتِيَاطُ; because the افعل of excess is not formed from a verb of five letters: (Mṣb:) or it is anomalous, like أَخْصَرُ from الاِخْتِصَارُ. (Mgh.) [It may be rendered More, or most, prudent: or more, or most, sure.]

تُحِيطُ andتَحُوطُ↓ (ISk, TṢ, Ḳ) and تَحِيطُ and تِحِيطُ andيَحِيطُ↓ (TṢ, Ḳ) andالتَّحُوطُ↓ and التَّحِيطُ (L, Ḳ) [andتَحَوُّط↓ andتحوَّط↓ (mentioned, with the third and fourth, in Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 803, as on the authority of Fr,)] ‡ The year of dearth, scarcity, or straitness, that destroys the beasts, (Fr, Ḳ,* TA,) or men: (A, TA:) تَحُوطُ being from حَاطَ بِهِ in the sense of أَحَاطَ; or it is used as a term of good omen; accord. to the A. (TA.) You say, وَقَعُوا فِى تُحِيطَ, &c., [the last word being a noun imperfectly decl., ‡ They fell into the affliction of a year of dearth,, &c.] (ISk, TA.)

تَحْويِطَةٌ A thing that is hung upon a boy to repel the evil eye: of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) [See also حَوْطٌ.]

مَحَاطٌ A place behind the camels or other beasts and the people [to whom they belong], surrounding and protecting them: (Ḳ:) some say that أَرْضٌ مَحَاطٌ signifies land surrounded by a wall: if not so surrounded, it is termed ضَاحِيَةٌ. (TA.)

فُلَانٌ مُحَاطٌ بِهِ † Such a one is slain; is destroyed. (TA.)

مُحِيطٌ [act. part. n. of 4; Surrounding, encompassing, or enclosing:, &c.]

It is said in the Ḳur [lxxxv. 20], وَٱللّٰهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ مُحيِطٌ † And God, behind them, includeth them altogether within his power; not one shall escape Him. (TA.) And again, [xi. 85,] عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ مُحِيطٍ † The punishment of a day which shall beset on every side so that there shall be no place of escape from it: (TA:) or of a destructive day: meaning the day of resurrection: or the punishment [of a day] of extermination: the epithet, which is that of the punishment, being applied to the day because it includes it. (Bḍ.) And again, [ii. 18,] وَٱللّٰهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالكَافِرِينَ, explained by Mujá- hid as signifying † And God will collect together the unbelievers on the day of resurrection. (TA.)

كَرْمٌ مُحوَّطٌ A vine having a wall built around it. (Ṣ.)

هُوَ مُحْتَاطٌ فِى أَمْرِهِ andمُسْتَحِيطٌ↓ فِيهِ [He is taking the course prescribed by prudence, precaution, or good judgment; or using precaution; or taking the sure course; or seeking the most successful means, and taking the surest method; in his affair: see 8]. (TA.)

يَحِيطٌ: see تُحِيطٌ.