Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

ذَلَّ, aor. يَذِلُّ, (M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. ذُلٌّ and ذِلَّةٌ and مَذَلَّةٌ, (Ṣ,* M, MA, Ḳ,) or these three are simple substs., and the inf. n. is ذَلٌّ, (Mṣb,) and ذَلَالَةٌ (M, Ḳ) and ذُلَالَةٌ, (Ḳ,) [contr. of عَزَّ; (see ذُلٌّ below;) i. e.] He, or it, was or became, low, base, vile, abject, mean, paltry, contemptible, despicable, ignominious, inglorious, abased, humble, and weak; (MA, Mṣb, Ḳ;) syn. هَانَ, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) and ضَعُفَ. (Mṣb.)

ذَلَّ, (M, Ḳ,) and ذَلَّتْ, (M, Mṣb,) aor. as above, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. ذِلٌّ, (M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) said of a man, (M,) and of a beast, such as a horse and the like, (دَابَّة, M, Mṣb,) He, or it, was, or became, easy, tractable, submissive, or manageable; (M, Mṣb, Ḳ;) and اِذْلَوْلَى [which belongs to art. ذلى] signifies the same as ذَلَّ in this sense. (ISd, TA.) Andتذلّل↓ لَهُ He became lowly, humble, or submissive, [or he lowered, humbled, or submitted, himself,] to him; (Ṣ, TA;) as also تَذَلَّى, originally تَذَلَّلَ. (TA.)

[Hence,] ذَلَّ is also said of a road [as meaning † It was, or became, beaten, or trodden, so as to be rendered even, or easy to be travelled, or to walk or ride upon: see ذَلِيلٌ]. (A in art. تب.)

And ذَلَّتِ القَوَا فِى لِشَّاعِرِ † The rhymes were easy to the poet. (T.)

And ذَلَّ said of a watering-trough or tank, (TA,) or of the upper part thereof, (M,) † It was, or became, broken much, or in several places, in its edge, and much demolished. (M, TA.)

ذلّل, (M, Mṣb,) inf. n. تَذْلِيلٌ, (Mṣb,) He made, or rendered, (M, Mṣb,) a man, (M,) and a beast, such as a horse and the like, (M, Mṣb,) easy, tractable, submissive, or manageable: (M, Mṣb:) [said of the former, it may be rendered he brought under, or into, subjection; or he subdued: and said of the latter, he broke, or trained: and said of any animal, he tamed.]

[Hence, † He beat, or trod, a road, so as to render it even, or easy to be travelled, or to walk or ride upon: see ذَلِيلٌ.]

And ذلّل لَهُ أَمْرًا † He made an affair easy to him; syn. رَوَّضَهُ and سَوَّسَهُ. (TA in art. سوس.)

And ذِلِّلَ الكَرْمُ † The bunches of the grape-vine were made to hang down [so that they might be easily plucked]: (M, Ḳ:) or were evenly disposed [for the same purpose]; syn. سُوِّيَتْ: (Ḳ:) or, accord. to AḤn, التَّذْلِيلُ signifies the disposing evenly the bunches of the grape-vine, and making them to hang down. (M.) وَذُلِّلَتْ قُطُوفُهَا, in the Ḳur [lxxvi. 14], means † The bunches being evenly disposed, and made to hang down, (Ṣ, JM,) exposed to be plucked: (JM:) or being well disposed, and made near: (IAmb, TA:) or being within the reach of the seeker, or desirer: (Ibn-ʼArafeh, TA:) or being easy to reach by those who will pluck them, in whatever manner they may desire to do so: (Bḍ:) accord. to Mujáhid, it means that if one stand, the bunch will rise to him; and if one sit, it will hang down to him. (TA.) [In like manner,] التَّذْلِيلُ also signifies † The putting the raceme of the palm-tree upon the branch [near it] in order that it [the branch] may support it: (AḤn, M:) or تَذْلِيلُ العُذُوقِ, as practised in the present world, is † the trimmer's making straight, and fecundating before the usual time, the racemes of the palm-tree, when they come forth from their spathes that covered them, these having slit open and disclosed them, by which means one makes them to hang out from among the branches and prickles, so that the fruit is easily plucked when it ripens. (T. [See also مُذَلَّلٌ.]) [Hence it is said in the Ḳ that ذُلِّلَ النَّخْلُ signifies وُضِعَ عِذْقُهَا عَلَى الجَرِيدَةِ لِتَحْمِلَهُ: the explanation should be وُضِعَتْ عُذُوقُهَا عَلَى الجَرِيدِ لِتَحْمِلَهَا, i. e. † The palm-trees had their racemes put upon the branches in order that these might support them.]

See also what next follows {4}.

اذلّهُ, (M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. إِذْلَالٌ, (TA,) He (God, Mṣb) lowered, abased, or humbled, him; or rendered him low, base, vile, abject, mean, paltry, contemptible, despicable, ignominious, inglorious, abased, humbled, and weak; (M,* Mṣb Ḳ, TA;) as alsoذلّلهُ↓ andاستذلّهُ↓: (Ḳ, TA:) all these signify the same. (Ṣ.)

See also 10

اذلّ [as an intrans. verb] He (a man, Ṣ, M) became one whose companions were low, base, vile,, &c. (Ṣ, M, Ḳ.)

He became in a state, or condition, that was low, base, vile,, &c. (Ṣ in art. قهر.)

استذلّهُ He saw him to be ذَلِيل [i. e. low, base, vile,, &c.]: (M, Ḳ:) or he found him to be so; (TA;) as alsoاذّلهُ↓. (Ḳ.)

See also 4.

استذلّ البَعِيرَ الصَّعْبَ He plucked off the ticks from the refractory camel in order that he might experience pleasure [or relief], and so become at ease, or tranquil, (M, Ḳ,) with him. (Ḳ.)

تَذَلْذَلَ [app. from ذُلْذُلٌ] It was, or became, in a state of commotion, or agitation, and lax, slack, or pendulous. (Ḳ.)

ذُلٌّ andذِلَّةٌ↓ andمَذَلَّةٌ↓ [all mentioned in the M and MA and Ḳ as inf. ns.] contr. of عِزٌّ; (Ṣ, M;) [i. e.] Lowness, baseness, vileness, abjectness, meanness, paltriness, contemptibleness, despicableness, ignominiousness, ingloriousness, abasement, humiliation, and weakness. (Mṣb, Ḳ.*) وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِىٌّ مِنَ الذُّلِّ, in the Ḳur [xvii. last verse], means Nor hath taken to himself any aider to assist Him and league with Him by reason of any lowness of condition in Him, as is the custom of the Arabs to do: (Ḳ, TA: [in the CK, يُخالِفُهُ is erroneously put for يُحَالِفُهُ:]) for they used to league, one with another, seeking thereby to become strong and inaccessible. (TA.) See also ذَلِيلٌ.

And see the paragraph here following, in five places.

ذِلٌّ Easiness, tractableness, submissiveness, or manageableness; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ, and Ḥam p. 50; [mentioned in the M and Mṣb and Ḳ as an inf. n.;]) as alsoذُلٌّ↓. (M, Ḳ, and Ḥam ubi suprà.) Hence the saying, بَعْضُ الذِّلِّ أَبْقَى لِلْأَهْلِ وَالمَالِ [Somewhat of submissiveness is most preservative of the family and the property]: (Ṣ:) orالذُّلُّ↓ أَبْقَى لِلْأَهْلِ وَالمَالِ, occurring in a trad. of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr; meaning that abjectness betiding a man when he bears patiently an injury that has befallen him is most preservative of him and of his family and his property. (TA.)

Also Gentleness; and mercy; and soذُلٌّ↓: thus in the phrase, وَٱخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ↓ or الذِّلِّ, (M, Ḳ,) in the Ḳur [xvii. 25, lit. And make soft to them (thy two parents) the side of gentleness; meaning treat them with gentleness]: the former is the common reading: (TA:) or the latter means easiness, tractableness, or submissiveness: (Ḳ:) [and so the former, as has been stated above:] Er-Rághib says that الذُّلُّ↓ is a consequence of subjection; and الذِّلُّ is what is after refractoriness: so that the phrase means, [accord. to the former reading,] be gentle like him who is subjected to them; and accord. to the latter reading, be gentle and tractable, or submissive, to them. (TA.)

Also The beaten track, (Ḳ,) or part that is trodden and made even, (M,) of a road. (M, Ḳ.) Its pl. أَذْلَال occurs in the saying, أَجْرِ الأُمُورَعَلَى أَذْلَالِهَا Let events, or affairs, take their course in the ways, or manners, that are fit, or proper, for them, and easy. (T.) El-Khansà says,

* لِتَجْرِ المَنِيَّةِ بَعْدَ الفَتَى *

* ٱلْمُغَادَرِ بِٱلْمَحْوِ أَذْلَالَهَا *

[Let fate take its ways after the youth left behind in El-Mahw]; (Ṣ, M;) meaning I mourn not for any thing after him: cited by AA: (Ṣ in the present art. and in art. محو:) المحو is here the name of a place. (Ṣ in the latter art.) And one says, أُمُورُ ٱللّٰهِ جَارِيَةُ عَلَى أَذْلَالِهَا, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) and جَارِيَةٌ أَذْلَالَهَا, (M, Ḳ,) The decrees of God take their [appointed] courses: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) here, also, اذلال is pl. of ذِلٌّ. (M, Ḳ.) Andدَعْهُ عَلَى أَذْلَالِهِ↓ Leave thou him, or it, in his, or its, [present] state, or condition: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) in this case it has no sing. (M, Ḳ.) [And so in the saying,] جَآءَ عَلَى أَذْلَالِهِ↓ It came in its [proper] manner. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

See also another usage of أَذْلَال, as a pl. having no sing. assigned to it, voce ذُلْذُلٌ, last sentence.

ذِلَّةٌ: see ذُلٌّ.

In the following verse,

* لِيَهْنِئْ تُرَاثِى لِٱمْرِئٍ غَيْرِ ذِلَّةٍ *

* صَنَابِرُ أُحْدَانٌ لِهُنَّ حَفِيفُ *

[May my heritage give joy to a man not low, or base; slender arrows, singular of their kind, that have a whizzing sound], the meaning is, غَيْرِ ذَلِيلٍ, or غَيْرِ ذِى ذِلَّةٍ; and صنابر is put in the nom. case as a substitute for تراث. (M.)

ذَلُولٌ Easy, tractable, submissive, or manageable; (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ;) applied to a beast, such as a horse and the like, (دَابَّة), (Ṣ, M, Mṣb,) and to a man [&c.]; (M;) and soذَلُولِىٌّ↓, applied to a man: (TA, as from the M: [but not found by me in the latter; and I believe that the right reading is ذَلَوْلًى, belonging to art. ذلى, q. v.:]) the former alike masc. and fem.: (M, TA:) pl. ذُلُلٌ (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ) and أَذِلَّةٌ. (Ḳ.) A poet applies the epithet ذُلُل to spear-heads, as meaning Made easy [to pierce with] by being sharpened, and made thin and slender. (M.)

See also the next paragraph, in two places.

ذَلِيلٌ Low, base, vile, abject, mean, paltry, contemptible, despicable, ignominious, inglorious, lowered, brought low, abased, humbled, and weak; (T, Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ;) applied to a man; (T, Ṣ;) andذُلَّانٌ↓ signifies the same, as a sing.; (Ibn-ʼAbbád, Ḳ:) or this latter is a pl. of the former, (T,) as also أَذِلَّآءُ (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ) and أَذِلَّةٌ (T, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and ذِلَالٌ. (M, Ḳ.)

[Also Gentle; and merciful. Hence,] أَذِلَّةٍ عَلَى المُؤْمِنِينَ أَعِزَّةٍ عَلَى الكَافِرينَ, in the Ḳur [v. 59], means Gentle, (Zj, T,) and merciful, (T,) to the believers, rough in behaviour, (Zj, T,) and hard, or severe, (T,) to the unbelievers. (Zj, T.)

Also applied to a road, meaning † Made even, or smooth, and easy to be travelled, or to walk or ride upon; as also with ة {ذَلِيلَةٌ}; being applied to طَرِيقٌ [which is fem. as well as masc.]; (M;) and soذَلُولٌ↓: (T:) pl. of the latter, (T,) or of the former, (M,) ذُلُلٌ: (T, M:) and [in like manner] مُذَلَّلٌ↓, so applied, beaten, or trodden, and [made] even, or easy [to walk or ride upon]: (T:) [in like manner also] ذَلُولٌ↓ is applied to land or ground, &c. [as meaning easy to be travelled, or to walk or ride upon,, &c.]. (Aṣ, M voce تَرَبُوتٌ.)

Also † Low, applied to a wall, and to a house, or chamber; (T;) and [so] applied to a mountain: (Ṣ and Ḳ in art. دك:) or ‡ low and thin, applied to a wall: (Mgh:) and † short, applied to a spear. (T.)

You say alsoذُلٌّ↓ ذَلِيلٌ, [meaning Exceeding lowness or baseness, &c.; or lowering, or abasing, lowness or baseness, &c.; i. e.,] using the latter word as an intensive epithet; or as signifying مُذِلٌّ. (M, Ḳ.)

ذَلُولِىٌّ Good and easy in respect of natural disposition: pl. ذَلُولِيُّونَ. (Ibn-ʼAbbád, Ḳ. [In the CK, الخَلْقِ is erroneously put for الخُلُقِ.]) See also ذَلُولٌ.

ذُلْذُلٌ is sing. of ذَلَاذِلُ, which signifies The lower, or lowest, parts, (AZ, T, Ṣ,) that are next the ground, of a shirt, (Ṣ,) or of a long shirt; (AZ, T;) and IAạr says that the sing. is ذُلَذِلٌ↓, andذِلْذِلَةٌ↓, also; and they are also called ذَنَاذِنُ, pl. of ذِنْذِنٌ; (T;) and دَنَادِنُ: (Ḳ in art. دن:) or ذُلْذُلٌ andذِلْذِلٌ↓ andذِلْذِلَةٌ↓ andذُلَذِلٌ↓ andذُلَذِلَةٌ↓ all signify the lower, or lowest, parts of a long shirt (M, Ḳ) when it dangles and becomes old and worn out; (M;) as also ذَلَاذِلُ; (Ḳ;) [or rather] this last is pl. of all the foregoing words; (M;) andذَلَذِلُ↓ andذَلَذِلَةٌ↓ [in some copies of the Ḳ, erroneously, ذَلْذَل, or ذَلْذُل, and ذَلْذَلَة,] signify the same; (Ḳ;) [or rather] the former of these two is a contraction of the pl. ذَلَاذِلُ (Ṣ, M) [and the latter of them is the same contracted pl. with the addition of ة].

[Hence,] ذَلَاذِلُ النَّاسِ † Those who are the last of the people; (Ḳ;) or the last of a few of the people; so in the Moḥeeṭ; (TA;) andذُلْذُلَانُهُمْ↓ andذُلَيْذِلَانُهُمْ↓, (Ḳ, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, ذُلْذُلاتُهُمْ and ذُلِيذَلاتُهُمْ,]) the latter a dim., (TA,) andأَذْلَالُهُمْ↓, signify the same: (Ḳ:) or this last signifies the lower, baser, viler, or meaner, of them. (O, TA.)

أَذَلٌّ [More, and most, low, base, vile,, &c.]: see أَخْنَعُ.

مَذَلَّةٌ: see ذُلٌّ.

[Hence,] غَيْرُالمَذَلَّةِ † The wooden pin, peg, or stake: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) because its head is broken [or battered by beating]. (Ṣ.) [See عَيْرٌ.]

مُذَلَّلٌ: see ذَلِيلٌ.

Also, [applied to palmtrees (نَخْل),] † Having the fruit thereof bent [down] in order that it may be [easily] gathered: [see also its verb (2):] so in the following verse of Imra-el-Ḳeys: (Ṣgh, TA:)

* وَكَشْحٍ لَطِيفٍ كَالجَدِيلِ مُخَصَّرٍ *

* وَسَاقٍ كَأُنْبُوبِ السَّقِىِّ المُذَلَّلِ *

meaning And a waist slender like the camel's nose-rein of [twisted] leather, thin; and a shank resembling, in the clearness of its colour, the stalk (lit. internodal portion) of the papyrus (بَرْدِىّ) growing among irrigated palm-trees having their racemes bent down (ذُلِّلَتْ) by reason of the abundance of their fruit; so that their branches overshade these papyrus-plants: or, accord. to some, and a shank resembling the stalk of the irrigated papyrus that is bent down (مُذَلَّل) by saturation: (EM pp. 28 and 29:) Aṣ says that it means, [agreeably with the former explanation,] سَاقٍ كَأُنْبُوبِ بَرْدِىٍّ بَيْنَ هٰذَا النَّخْلِ المُذَّلَلِ: AO says that سَقِىّ means watered [naturally,] without occasioning one's taking any trouble to water: IAạr explained المُذَلَّل as meaning having the way of the water thereto made easy: and some say that by السَّقِىّ is meant the tender, white, stalk of the بَرْدِىّ. (T.)