Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

ذَهَبَ, (Ṣ, A, &c.,) aor. ـَ {يَذْهَبُ}, (A, Ḳ,) inf. n. ذَهَابٌ (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ) and ذِهَابٌ (TA) and ذُهُوبٌ (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) and مَذْهَبٌ, (A, Ḳ,) He (a man, Ṣ, [and a beast,]) went [in any manner, or any pace]; went, or passed, along; marched; journeyed; proceeded: went, or passed, away; departed: syn. مَشَى, (A,) or سَارَ, (Ḳ,) or مَرّ: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) and said of a mark or trace or the like [as meaning it went away]. (Mṣb.) [And hence, † It wasted away; became consumed, destroyed, exhausted, spent, or expended.]

ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ He went, repaired, betook himself, or had recourse, to him, or it. (TA.) And they say also, ذَهَبَ الشَّأْمَ [He went to Syria]; making the verb trans. without a particle; for although الشأم is here a special adv. n., they liken it to a vague locality. (TA.)

ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ He, or it, went from, quitted, relinquished, or left, him, or it. (TA.)

ذَهَبَ فِى الأَرْضِ, (A, Mṣb,) inf. n. ذَهَابٌ and ذُهُوبٌ and مَذْهَبٌ, He went away [into the country, or in the land]: (Mṣb:) [but it often means † he went into the open country, or out of doors, to satisfy a want of nature: or simply] ‡ he voided his excrement, or ordure. (A.)

ذَهَبَ بِهِ He went, or went away, with him, or it: (A:) and he made him, or it, to go, go away, pass away, or depart; (A, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoاذهبهُ↓, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) andاذهب↓ بِهِ, (Ḳ,) but this is rare; (Zj, TA;) andذهّبهُ↓, inf. n. تَذْهِيبٌ: (MF:) [all may likewise be rendered he removed, dispelled, put away, or banished, it; properly and tropically: and † he made it to cease; made away with it, did away with it, made an end of it; wasted, consumed, destroyed, exhausted, spent, or expended, it; and these meanings may perhaps be intended by أَزَالَهُ, whereby the first is explained in the A and Ḳ, as are also the second and third in the Ḳ:] or, accord. to some, when ذَهَبَ is trans. by means of بِ, accompaniment is necessarily signified; but not otherwise; so that if you say ذَهَبَ بِهِ, the meaning is, he went away with him, or it; i. e., accompanying him, or it; [he took away, or carried off or away, him, or it;] but if you say اذهبهُ↓ orذهّبهُ↓, the meaning is, he made him, or it, to go, go away, pass away, or depart, alone, without accompanying him, or it: this, however, is not agreeable with the phrase in the Ḳur [ii. 16], ذَهَبَ ٱللّٰهُ بِنُورِهِمْ [though this may be well rendered God taketh away their light]. (MF, TA.) [Hence,] one says, أَيْنَ يُذْهَبُ بِكَ, which may mean † Where, or whither, wilt thou be taken away, and what will be done with thee and made to come to pass with thee, if this be thine intellect? or, accord. to Mṭr, it is a saying of the people of Baghdád, addressed to him whom they charge with foolish judgment or opinion, as meaning أَيْنَ يُذْهَبُ بِعَقْلِكَ † [Where, or whither, is thine intellect taken away?]. (Ḥar p. 574.) [In like manner one says, ذَهَبَ عَقْلُهُ † His reason, or intellect, quitted him, or forsook him; he became bereft of his reason, or intellect. And ذَهَبَ فُؤَادُهُ † His heart forsook him, or failed him, by reason of fear or the like.] And ذَهَبَ لَحْمُهُ † [His flesh wasted away]. (Ḳ in art. بحر, &c.) And ذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ فِى القَوْمِ ‡ The man became lost [or he disappeared] among the people, or party. (A.) And ذَهَبَ المَآءَ فِى اللَّبَنِ ‡ The water became lost [or it disappeared] in the milk. (A.)

ذَهَبَ عَلَيْهِ ‡ It escaped his memory; he forgot it. (A, TA.) And † It was, or became, dubious, confused, or vague, to him. (MA.)

ذَهَبَ مَذْهَبًا حَسَنًا (Ṣ, A, TA) ‡ He pursued a good way, course, mode, or manner, of acting or conduct or the like. (TA.) And ذَهَبَ فِى الدِّينِ مَذْهَبًا † He formed, or held, an opinion, or a persuasion, or a belief, respecting religion: or, accord. to Es-Sarakustee, he introduced an innovation in religion. (Mṣb.) And ذَهَبَ مَذْهَبَ فُلَانٍ † He pursued the way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, &c. of such a one. (Mṣb.) And ذَهَبَ لِذَهْبِهِ and لِمَذْهَبِهِ ‡ He pursued his way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, &c. (JK, TA.) And ذَهَبَ إِلَى مَذْهَبٍ ‡ He betook himself to [or took to or held] a belief, a creed, a persuasion, a doctrine, an opinion, a tenet, or a body of tenets or articles of belief. (Ḳ, TA.) And فُلَانٌ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى قَوْلِ أَبِى حَنِيفَةَ ‡ Such a one takes to, or holds, [the saying, or] the belief, creed, persuasion, doctrine,, &c., of Aboo-Ḥaneefeh. (A.) [And ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ الأَمْرَ كَذَا † He held, or was of opinion, that the thing, or affair, or case, was so. And ذَهَبَ بِلَفْظٍ إِلَىلَفْظٍ آخَرَ † He regarded a word, or an expression, in his manner of using it, as equivalent to another word, or expression; as, for instance, when one makes a fem. noun masc. because it is syn. with a noun that is masc., or makes a verb trans. by means of a certain perticle because it is syn. with a verb that is trans. by means of that same particle: and also † he regarded a word, or an expression, as etymologically relating, or traceable, to another word, or expression. And ذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى مَعْنَى كَذَا † He regarded it, or used it, (i. e. a word, or an expression,) as relating to such a meaning, or as meaning such a thing.]

ذَهَبَ فِى طَلَبِ الشَّىْءِ كُلَّ مَذْهَبٍ † [He tried every way, or did his utmost, in seeking the thing]. (Ḳ in art. موت.) And ذَهَبَ فِى اللِّينِ كُلَّ مَذْهَبٍ † [It attained the utmost degree of softness]: said of the skin. (TA in that art.)

اِذْهَبْ إِلَيْكَ † Betake, or apply, thyself to thine own affairs; or occupy thyself therewith. (T and Ḳ * voce إِلَى.)

ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ فِى الشَّبَهِ i. q. نَزَعَ † [He inclined to his father in likeness; resembled him; or had a natural likeness to him]. (Ṣ in art. نزع.)

ذَهِبَ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَذْهَبُ}, (Ḳ,) inf. n. ذَهَبٌ; (TA;) and ذِهِبَ, with two kesrehs, (IAạr, Ḳ,) of the dial. of Temeem, held by AM to be a variation generally allowable in the case of a verb of which the medial radical letter is a faucial and with kesr; (TA;) He (a man) saw gold in the mine, (Ṣ,) or came suddenly, in the mine, upon much gold, and his reason departed in consequence thereof, (Ḳ,) and his eyes became dazzled, so as not to close, or move, the lids, or became confused, so as not to see, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) by reason of the greatness thereof in his eye: (Ṣ:) it is derived from ذَهَبٌ: and the epithet applied to a man in this case is ذَهِبٌ↓. (TA.)

see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in three places.

Also اذهبهُ, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. إِذْهَابٌ; (Ṣ;) andذهّبهُ↓, (Ḳ,) inf. n. تَذْهِيبٌ; (Ṣ;) He gilded it; did it over with gold. (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

[تَمَذْهَبَ, from مَذْهَبٌ, is used by late writers as meaning † He followed, or adopted, a certain religious persuasion or the like.]

ذَهَبٌ [Gold;] a certain thing well known; (Ṣ, Mṣb, &c.;) accord. to several of the leading lexicologists, (TA,) i. q. تِبْرٌ; (A, L, Ḳ, &c.;) but it seems to have a more general meaning; for تِبْرٌ is specially applied to such [gold] as is in the mine, or such as is uncoined and unwrought: (TA:) [it is a coll. gen. n.; and therefore] it is masc. and fem.: (Ṣ,* Mṣb, Ḳ,* TA:) or it is fem. in the dial. of El-Ḥijáz: or, accord. to Az, it is masc., and not to be made fem. unless regarded as pl. ofذَهَبَةٌ↓, (Mṣb, TA,) [or rather as a coll. gen. n., for] ذَهَبَةٌ is the n. un., (Ḳ,) signifying a piece of ذَهَب [or gold]: (Ṣ, A, L, TA:) or, accord. to El-Kurtubee, it is fem., and sometimes masc., but more commonly fem.: ذُهَيْبَةٌ↓ is the dim. of ذَهَبٌ, the ة being added because the latter word is fem., like as it is in قُوَيْسَةٌ and شُمَيْسَةٌ; or it is the dim. of ذَهَبَةٌ, and signifies a little piece of ذَهَب [or gold]: (TA:) the pl. of ذَهَبٌ is أَذْهَابٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ) and ذُهُوبٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and ذُهْبَانٌ (Nh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and ذِهْبَانٌ. (Nh, TA.) [مَآءُ الذَّهَبِ means Water-gold; goldpowder mixed with size, for ornamental writing, &c.]

The yolk, or the entire contents, i. e. yolk and white, (مُحّ, Ḳ, TA, with the unpointed ح, TA, [in the CK and in my MṢ. copy of the Ḳ مُخّ,]) of an egg. (Ḳ.)

Also, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) in a copy of the T written ذَهْبٌ↓, (TA,) A certain measure of capacity, for corn, used by the people of El-Yemen, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) well known: (Ṣ:) pl. ذِهَابٌ (Ḳ) and أَذْهَابٌ, [the latter a pl. of pauc.,] (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and pl. pl. [i. e. pl. of the latter of the pls. above] أَذَاهِبُ, (Ṣ, and so in the Ḳ accord. to the TA,) mentioned by A' Obeyd, (Ṣ,) or أَذَاهِيبُ. (So in the CK.)

ذِهْبَةٌ A rain: (Ṣ:) or a weak rain: or a copious rain: (AʼObeyd, Ḳ:) pl. ذِهَابٌ. (AʼObeyd, Ṣ, Ḳ.)

ذَاهِبٌ [part. n. of ذَهَبَ;] Going [in any manner, or any pace]; going, or passing, along; marching; journeying; proceeding: going, or passing, away; departing: [&c.:] (A, Ḳ:) andذَهُوبٌ↓ signifies the same [in an intensive manner]. (Ḳ.)

[ذَاهِبٌ فِى الطُّولِ means † Excessive in length or tallness.]

مَذْهَبٌ is an inf. n.: (JK, A, Ḳ:)

and also signifies A place of ذَهَاب [or going,, &c.]: and a time thereof. (JK.)

[Also A place to which one goes: see an ex. voce مَحْضَرٌ.]

[And hence,] ‡ A place to which one goes for the purpose of satisfying a want of nature; a privy; (TA;) i. q. مُتَوَضَّأٌ; (JK, A, Ḳ, TA;) in the dial. of the people of El-Ḥijáz. (JK, A, TA.)

[Also A way by which one goes or goes away.]

[And hence, as in several exs. in the first paragraph of this art.,] ‡ A way, course, mode, or manner, of acting or conduct or the like: (Mṣb, Ḳ, TA:) ‡ [a way that one pursues in respect of doctrines and practices in religion, &c.; and particularly a way of believing, opining, thinking, or judging;] a belief, a creed, a persuasion, a doctrine, an opinion, a tenet, or a body of tenets or articles of belief; (Ḳ, TA;) an opinion in, or respecting, religion; and, accord. to Es-Sarakustee, an innovation in religion: (Mṣb:) andذَهْبٌ↓ signifies the same. (JK, TA.) [The pl. is مَذَاهِبُ. Hence, ذَوُو مَذَاهِبُ † Persuasions, as meaning persons holding particular tenets in religion or the like.]

Also † Origin: (Ks, Lḥ, Ḳ:) so in the sayings, مَا يُدْرَى لَهُ أَيْنَ مَذْهَبَهُ and لَا يُدْرَى لَهُ مَذْهَبٌ, i. e. † It is not known whence is his origin. (Ks, Lḥ, TA.)

مُذْهَبٌ Gilt, or done over with gold; (Ṣ, A, Ḳ;) as alsoمُذَهَّبٌ↓ (A, Ḳ) andذَهِيبٌ↓. (T, Ḳ.)

Also sing. of مَذَاهِبُ, which signifies Skins gilt, (ISk, JK, TA,) i. e. having gilt tines, or stripes, regularly, or uniformly, succeeding one another: (ISk, TA:) or gilt straps or thongs: (Ṣ, TA:) and variegated, or figured, [garments of the kind called] بُرُود: (JK, TA:) [or it is applied as an epithet to such garments; for] you say بُرْدٌ مُذْهَبٌ. (TA.) The pl. above mentioned is also applied [as an epithet] to swords [app. meaning Adorned with gilding]. (TA.)

Applied to a horse, Of a red colour tinged over with yellow; (TA;) and so كُمَيْتٌ مُذْهَبٌ [i. e. of a gilded bay colour]: (Ṣ, TA:) fem. with ة {مُذْهَبَةٌ}: the mare thus termed is of a clearer colour and thinner skin. (TA.)

المُذْهَبُ is also a name of The Kaabeh. (Ḳ, TA.)

See also the next paragraph, in three places.

مُذْهِبٌ A gilder. (Ṣ.)

المُذْهَبُ↓, explained by Lth as the name of † A certain devil, said to be of the offspring of Iblees, who tempts reciters of the Ḳur-án in the performance of [the ablution termed] الوُضُوْء, (Ḳ,* TA,) and on other occasions, (TA,) is [said to be] correctly [المُذْهِبُ,] with kesr to the ه: (Ḳ:) applied to the devil, (TA in art. شيط,) as meaning † he who embellishes, or renders goodly in appearance, acts of disobedience [to God], as also المُهَذِّبُ, (Fr, TA in art. هذب,) IDrd thinks that it is not [genuine] Arabic. (TA.) And accord. to the Ṣ and El-Kurtubee and many others, بِهِ مُذْهَبٌ↓ means † [In him is] a vain suggestion [of the devil] respecting the water, and [respecting] the using much thereof in the وُضُوْء: [i. e. a vain suggestion that may induce him to think that the water is unfit, or deficient in quantity, or the like:] but accord. to the Ḳ, it is correctly المُذْهِبُ. (TA.) Az says that the people of Baghdád apply the appellation مُذْهِبٌ to † A man who inspires vain suggestions; and that the vulgar among them pronounce it مُذْهَبٌ↓. (TA.)

مَذْهَبَةٌ [A cause, or means, of doing away with, removing, dispelling, or banishing]. Fasting is said, in a trad., to be مَذْهَبَةٌ لِلْأَشَرِ [i. e. † A cause, or means, of dispelling exultation, or excessive exultation, and resting the mind upon things agreeable with natural desire]. (T and Ṣ voce مَحْسَمَةٌ, q. v.)