Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

رَكَنَ إِلَيْهِ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَرْكُنُ}; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) of the dial. of the lower (سُفْلَى) [app. in territory] of Mudar, and said by Az to be not chaste [thought it, or the third, seems to be the most common of the dial. vars. here mentioned]; (Mṣb;) and رَكِنَ aor. ـَ {يَرْكَنُ}; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) mentioned by AZ; (Ṣ;) and رَكَنَ, aor. ـَ {يَرْكَنُ}; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) which is a combination of two dial. vars., [namely, the first and second of those above mentioned,] (Ṣ, Mṣb,) because neither the medial nor the final radical letter is faucial; (Mṣb;) said to be the only instance of its kind except أَبَى aor. يَأَبَى; (T in art. ابى;) and رَكِنَ, aor. ـُ {يَرْكُنُ}; which is likewise an instance of the commixture of two dial. vars., like فَضِلَ and حَضِرَ and نَعِمَ, aor. يَفْضُلُ and يَحْضُرُ and يَنْعُمُ; (TA;) inf. n. رُكُونٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and رَكَانَةٌ and رَكَانِيَةٌ; (TA;) He inclined to him, or it; syn. مَالَ: and he trusted to, or relied upon, him, or it, so as to be, or become, easy, or quiet, in mind; syn. سَكَنَ: (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ:) or he leaned, rested, or relied, upon him; syn. اِعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهِ: (Mṣb:) or he inclined to him in the least degree; (Bḍ in xi. 115;) رُكُونٌ signifying slight inclining. (Ksh and Bḍ ibid.) It is said in the Ḳur [xi. 115], وَلَا تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا [And incline ye not,, &c., to those who have acted wrongfully]: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) or, incline ye not in the least degree [&c.]: (Bḍ:) thus generally read; and also تِرْكَنُوا, (Ksh, Bḍ, TA,) accord. to the dial. of Temeem; andتُرْكَنُوا↓, in the pass. form, from أَرْكَنَهُ. (Ksh, Bḍ.)

رَكِنَ فِى المَنْزِلِ, aor. ـَ {يَرْكَنُ}, inf. n. رَكْنٌ, He kept tenaciously to the place of alighting, or abode, (ضَنَّ بِهِ,) and did not relinquish it. (TA.)

رَكُنَ, inf. n. رَكَانَةٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and رُكُونَةٌ (Ḳ) and رَكَانِيَةٌ, (TḲ,) [primarily, it seems, said of a mountain, meaning It was inaccessible, or difficult of access, having high, or strong أَرْكَان i. e. sides or angles: see Ḥar p. 561; and see رَكِينٌ, below; and 5.]

[And hence,] ‡ He (a man) was, or became, firm, (Ḥar p. 561,) still, or motionless, (TA,) grave, staid, steady, sedate; or calm. (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA.)

[ركّن is said by Golius, as on the authority of the KL, to signify He made like, “similem fecit:” and hence Freytag also thus explains it: but it is زكّن that has this signification. In my copy of the KL, تَزْكِينٌ (not تَرْكِينٌ) is expl. by مانند كردن.]

اركنهُ He made him to incline [إِلَى غَيْرِهِ to another]; syn. أَمَالَهُ: [and to trust to, or rely upon, another, so as to be, or become, easy, or quiet, in mind: or to lean, rest, or rely, upon another: see 1:] whence a reading in the Ḳur xi. 115. (Ksh, Bḍ.*) See 1.

تركّن said of a man, (TA,) [or primarily and properly, of a thing, like رَكُنَ,] He, [or it] was, or became, firm, or strong, (Ḳ, TA,) and inaccessible, or difficult of access. (TA.)

And [hence,] † He endeavoured, or constrained himself, to be grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm; syn. تَوَقَّرَ, (Ḳ,) and تَرَزَّنَ. (TA.)

رَكْنٌ The جُرَذ [or large field-rat]: and the فَأْر [or common rat or mouse]; as alsoرُكَيْنٌ↓. (Ḳ.)

رُكْنٌ The جَانِب [meaning side, or outward part,] of a thing: (Mṣb:) or the strongest جَانِب [i. e. side, or outward part,] (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA) of a thing (Ṣ, TA) of any kind: (TA:) the corner, or angle, (زَاوِيَة,) of a house or room or the like: (Ḳ in art. زوى:) [and this is perhaps what is meant by the “strongest جانب;” for the strongest outward part of the house is unquestionably the corner, or angle: thus the angle in which is the Black Stone, of the Kaabeh, is specially called رُكْنُ البَيْتِ, i. e. رُكْنُ بَيْتِ ٱللّٰهِ:] the رُكْن of a قَصْر [or palace, or pavilion, &c.,] is its جَانِب [or its strongest جانب], and so of a mountain: (TA: [see رَكُنَ, and رَكِينٌ:]) the pl. is أَرْكَانٌ and أَرْكُنٌ [each properly a pl. of pauc., but the former is used as a pl. of mult.]: (Mṣb, TA:) the أَرْكَان of anything are is جَوَانِب [or sides, or outward parts, or its corners, or angles,] upon which it rests, and by which it is supported: (TA:) and the أَرْكَان of a land are its extremities [or sides or corners]. (Ḥam p. 478.)

[Hence, † A stay, or support, of any kind: see an ex. voce مِرْجَمٌ: whence, perhaps,] one says, تَمَسَّحْتُ بِأَرْكَانِهِ, meaning تَبَرَّكْتُ بِهِ ‡ [i. e. I looked for a blessing by means of him, or it]. (TA.) † A thing whereby one is strengthened (مَا يُقَوَّى بِهِ [in the CK ما تَقَوَّىبه]), such as dominion (مُلْك [in the CK مَلِك]), and an army, or a military force,, &c.: (Ḳ:) and thus it has been explained as occurring in the Ḳur [li. 39], where it is said, فَتَوَلَّى بِرُكْنِهِ, (TA,) i. e. † And he turned away from belief with his forces; because they were to him like the رُكْن [properly so termed]. (Jel.) † A man's kinsfolk; or nearer, or nearest, relations; or clan; or tribe; syn. عَشِيرَةٌ: (AHeyth, TA:) † a man's people, or party; and the higher among them; and the persons by whom he is aided and strengthened: thought by ISd to be thus called by way of comparison [to a رُكْن properly so termed]: and thus it has been explained as used in the Ḳur [xi. 82], where it is said, أَوْ آوِىَ رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ † [Or that I might have recourse to a strong people, or party,, &c.]: (TA:) or it here means عَشِيرَة [explained above]. (Jel.) And † A noble, or high, person; as in the saying, هُوَ رُكْنٌ مِنْ أَرْكَانِ قَوْمِهِ † [He is a noble, of the nobles of his people]. (TA.) And أَرْكَانُ الإِنْسَانِ means † The members, or limbs, of the man, with which things are gained or earned, or with which he works; as the hands or arms, and the feet or legs. (TA.)

Also † Might, and resistance: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) so in the saying, هُوَ يَأْوِى إِلَى رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ † [He has recourse to strong, or vehement, might and resistance]: (Ṣ:) and so it has been explained as used in the words of the Ḳur last cited above. (TA.)

And † A thing, an affair, a case, an event, or an action, of great magnitude or moment, momentous, formidable, or terrible. (AHeyth, Ḳ.) Thus AHeyth explains it as used in the saying of En-Nábighah [Edh-Dhubyánee],

* لَا تَقْذِفَنِّى بِرُكْنٍ لَا كِفَآءَ لَهُ *

[By no means reproach thou me with a momentous, or a formidable, thing or action, or an enormity, that has not its equal; though (he proceeds to say) the enemies incite thee, with companies of men aiding one another]. (TA.)

In the conventional language [of the schools], رُكْنُ الشَّىْءِ means † [The essence of the thing; or] that whereby the thing subsists: from التَّقَوُّمُ; because the قِوَام [or subsistence] of the thing is by its رُكْن: not from القِيَام: else it would necessarily be the case that the agent would be a رُكْن to the action; and the substance, to the accident; and the thing to which a quality is attributed, to the quality: (KT:) it is † that without which the thing has no subsistence: (Kull:) and is [also] applied to † [an essential, or essential part, of the thing; i. e.,] a part of the مَاهِيَّة [or essence] of the thing, (Kull, [and in like manner أَرْكَانُ الشَّىْءِ is explained in the Mṣb as meaning the parts of the ماهيّة of the thing,]) as when we say that القِيَام is a رُكْن of الصَّلَاْة; as well as to † the whole مَاهيّة [of the thing]: (Kull:) [thus] أَرْكَانُ العِبَادَاتِ means † the fundamentals [or essentials] of the services of religion, by the neglect, or non-observance, of which they are ineffectual, or null, or void: (TA:) or, as some say, رُكْنُ الشَّىْءِ means that whereby the thing is complete; and this is intrinsic therein; differing from the شَرْط [or condition] thereof, which is extrinsic thereto. (KT.)

رَكِينٌ A mountain having high أَرْكَان [i. e. sides, or angles]: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or having strong اركان: (TA:) or inaccessible, or difficult of access, having اركان. (Ḥar p. 561.)

And hence, (Ḥar ibid.,) ‡ A man (Ṣ, Ḳ, &c.) firm, (Ḥar,) still, or motionless, (TA,) grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm. (Ṣ, Ḳ, Ḥar, TA.)

أَرْكُونٌ A great دِهْقَان, (Ḳ, TA,) i. e. headman, or chief, of a village or town: [app. from the Greek ἄρχων; though it is said that] he is thus called because the people of the village or town trust to him and incline to him. (TA.)

مِرْكَنٌ A kind of vessel, well known, (Ḳ, TA,) like a تَوْر [q. v.], of leather, used for water: (TA:) or i. q. إِجَّانَةٌ [q.v.], (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, TA,) in which clothes and the like are washed; (TA;) called in Pers. تَغَارْ: (Mgh:) pl. مَرَاكِنُ and مَرَاكِينُ. (TA.) One says, زَرَعُوا الرَّيَا حِينَ فِى المَرَاكِينِ [They sowed the sweet-smelling plants in the مراكين]. (TA.)

مُرَكَّنٌ A thing having أَرْكَان [here meaning corners, or angles]. (TA.)

[Hence,] ضَرْعٌ مُرَكَّنٌ A great udder; as though having اركان: (Ṣ, TA:) and an udder that has opened [or expanded] in its place so as to fill the أَرْفَاغ [or groins], and is not very long. (TA.) Tarafeh says,

* وَضَرَّتُهَا مُرَكَّنَةٌ دَرُورُ *

[And her udder is great, having much milk: or,] accord. to AA, مركّنة [here] signifies مجمّعة [app. meaning collecting much]. (TA.) And you say also نَاقَةٌ مُرَكَّنَةُ الضَّرْعِ (Ṣ, TA) [A she-camel great in the udder; or] whose udder has أَرْكَان by reason of its greatness. (TA.)