Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

رَهَنَ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَرْهَنُ}, (Mṣb,) inf. n. رَهْنٌ, (Ṣ, TA,) or رُهُونٌ, (Mṣb,) It (a thing, Ṣ, Mṣb, TA) continued, subsisted, lasted, endured, remained, or remained fixed or stationary; it was, or became, permanent, constant, firm, steady, stead fast, stable, fixed, fast, settled, or established. (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA.) This is the primary signification. (Mgh, TA.*)

Hence, (Mgh,) رَهَنَ بِالمَكَانِ ‡ He remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in the place. (A, Mgh, TA.)

And رَهَنَ, (JK, Ṣ, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَرْهَنُ}, (Ḳ, TA,) or ـُ (JK, [but this I think to be a mis take,]) inf. n. رُهُونٌ, (Ḳ,) said of a man, and of a camel, (JK, Ṣ,* TA,) and of any beast (TA,) He was, or became, lean, or emaciated; (JK, Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) and fatigued, tired, weary, or jaded. (JK, TA.) You say, رَكِبَ حَتَّى رَهَنَ He rode until he became lean, or emaciated. (ISh, TA. [See رَاهِنٌ.])

As trans., see 4, first signification.

[Hence,] as a law term, رَهْنٌ signifies The putting, or placing, an article of real property [to remain] as a pledge, or security, or making it to be such, for a debt that is obligatory or that will become obligatory. (TA.) You say, رَهَنَهُ الشَّىْءَ, and رَهَنَهُ عِنْدَهُ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَرْهَنُ}, (Ḳ,) inf. n. رَهْنٌ (Mṣb, TA) [and رَهِينَةٌ, q. v. voce رَهْنٌ]; andارهنهُ↓ الشَّىْءَ; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) all signify the same; (Ṣ;) i. e. He deposited the thing with him (Mṣb, Ḳ) [as a pledge] to be in lieu of that which he had taken, or received, from him: (Ḳ:) [i. e. he pledged the thing to him, or with him:] and رَهَنْتُ المَتَاعَ بِالدَّيْنِ, inf. n. رَهْنٌ, I restricted the commodity or placed it in custody, for, or by reason of, the debt; andارهنتهُ↓ بالدين is a dial. var. thereof, but of rare occurrence, and disallowed by those who are held in esteem: (Mṣb:) for, properly, they say, (Mṣb,)أَرْهَنْتُ↓ زَيْدًا الثَّوْبَ signifies I gave to Zeyd the garment, or piece of cloth, in order that he should deposit it as a pledge (Mṣb, Ḳ *) with some one. (Mṣb.) ʼAbd-Allah Ibn Hemmám Es-Saloolee says, (Ṣ,) or Hemmám Ibn-Murrah, (TA,)

* فَلَمَّا خَشِيتُ أَظَافِيرَهُمْ *

*نَجَوْتُ وَأَرْهَنْتُهُمْ↓ مَالِكَا *

[And when I dreaded their nails, I escaped, and gave them, or left with them, as a pledge, Málik]: thus, says Th, all relate the verse, except Aṣ, who says وَأَرْهَنُهُمْ مالكا [i. e. leaving with them, as a pledge, Málik]: he likens this phrase to the say ing قُمْتُ وَأَصُكُّ وَجْهَهُ; and this is a good way of explaining it; for the و is that which is a deno tative of state; the meaning being صَاكًّا وَجْهَهُ: [accord. to the former reading, in the opinion of Th,] the poet means I left Málik remaining with them; not as a pledge; because [when the leaving a thing as a pledge is meant, in his opinion,] one does not say,أَرْهَنْتُ↓ الشَّىْءَ, but only رَهَنْتُهُ. (Ṣ, TA.) [See, however, 4.] You say also, رَهَنَهُ عَنْهُ, inf. n. رَهْنٌ, meaning He made him, or it, to be a pledge in lieu of him, or it: a poet, asserted by IJ to be a pagan, says,

* اِرْهَنْ بَنِيكَ عَنْهُمُ أَرْهَنْ بَنِىْ *

[Make thou thy sons to be pledges in lieu of them: in that case I will make my sons to be pledges: بَنِى being for بَنِىَّ]. (TA.) And رَهَنْتُهُ لِسَانِى † [I made my tongue to be as though it were a pledge to him, to be restrained, or to be used, for his sake or benefit]: in this case one should not say أَرْهَنْتُهُ↓; (IAạr, Ḳ;) though one says thus of a garment, or piece of cloth, [&c.,] as well as رَهَنْتُهُ. (TA.)

رَاهُنْتُ فُلَانًا عَلَى كَذَا, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) inf. n. مُرَاهَنَةٌ, (Ṣ,) or رِهَانٌ, (Mṣb,) or both, (Ḳ, and so in a copy of the Ṣ,) I laid a bet, or wager, or stake, with such a one, for such a thing, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,*) mostly (TA) said in relation to horses running a race, (JK, TA,*) to be taken by him who should outstrip, or overcome. (Mṣb.)

The inf. ns. also signify ‡ The contending [of two persons] to outstrip [in a race] upon horses, (Ḳ, TA,) and otherwise. (TA.) Hence the prov., هُمَا كَفَرَسَىْ رِهَانٍ [explained in art. فرس]. (JK.)

ارهن He made (a thing, Mṣb,) to continue, subsist, last, endure, remain, or remain fixed or stationary; to be, or become, permanent, can stant, firm, steady, steadfast, stable, fixed, fast, settled, or established; (Ṣ,* Mgh,* Mṣb, Ḳ;*) and soرَهَنَ↓; (Ḳ;) but the former is the more ap proved: (TA:) and also he found it to be so. (Mṣb.) You say, ارهن لَهُمُ الطَّعَامَ, (T, Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) and الشَّرَابَ, (T, Ṣ, TA,) and المَالَ, (TA,) ‡ He continued, or made permanent, to them the food, (T, Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) and the beverage, (T, Ṣ, TA,) and the property. (TA.) [And accord. to an expla nation of أُرْهِنَتْ (referring to dates), by ʼAlee Ibn Hamzeh, cited in a marginal note in a copy of the Ṣ, in art. أَرْهَنَ, وهب signifies He prepared food, and continued it, or made it permanent.]

[Hence ارهنهُ as used by some in another sense of رَهَنَهُ:] see 1, in six places. [That it is allowable to use it thus may be inferred from phrases here following.]

You say, أَرْهَنْتُ مَالِى I staked my property. (JK.) And أَرْهَنُوا بَيْنَهُمْ خَطَرًا They gave, of their own free will, what the party approved, whatever were its amount, to be to them a stake at a race. (TA.) And أَرْهَنْتُ بِهِ وَلَدِى (Ṣ, Ḳ,*) inf. n. إِرْهَانٌ, (Ṣ,) † I made my children to be as a stake for him, or it. (Ṣ, Ḳ.*) And ارهنهُ لِلْمَوْتِ † He resigned him to death. (IAạr, TA.) And ارهن المَيِّتَ القَبْرَ ‡ He deposited the dead body in the grave [as a pledge to be rendered up on the day of resurrection]. (Ḳ, TA.)

Accord. to AZ, (Ṣ, TA, in one copy of the Ṣ it is AʼObeyd,) أَرْهَنْتُ فِى السِّلْعَةِ signifies I bought the commodity for a dear, or an excessive, price; (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) gave largely for it until I obtained it: (TA:) accord. to ISk, I paid in advance for the commodity; syn. أَسْلَفْتُ; (Ṣ, TA;) and in the T it is said, [and in like manner in the JK,] that ارهن فِى كَذَا وَكَذَا signifies اسلف فِيهِ: (TA:) [in the Ḳ it is said that أَرْهَنَهُ signifies أَسْلَفَهُ, as though it meant he lent him a sum of money, &c.:] accord. to Er-Rághib, the proper meaning [of إِرْهَانٌ] is one's giving a com modity before [the full payment of] the price, and so making it to be pledged for the completion of its price. (TA.)

ارهنهُ also signifies He, or it, weakened him: (Ḳ:) [like أَوْهَنَهُ:] and rendered him lean, or emaciated. (TA.) And ارهن ٱللّٰهُ قُوَّتَهُ God weakened him; syn. أَوْهَنَهُ. (JK.)

تراهنا They two laid bets, wagers, or stakes, each with the other; syn. تَوَاضَعَا الرُّهُونَ. (TA.) And تراهن القَوْمُ The party contended together, every one of them laying a bet, wager, or stake, in order that the person outstripping should take the whole when he overcame. (Mṣb.)

ارتهن مِنْهُ He took, or received, from him a pledge. (Ḳ.) [Or] ارتهنهُ He took, or received, it as a pledge: (JK, Mgh:) or ارتهنهُ مِنْهُ he took, or received, it from him; namely, a pledge. (Mṣb.)

[Accord. to Freytag, ارتهنهُ بِهِ signifies He had him, or held him, as a pledge to him for it. And اُرْتُهِنَ He, or it, was given as a pledge. But for neither of these has he mentioned any authority.]

استرهنهُ [He asked him, or desired him, to pledge a thing with him: and, to give a pledge.] You say, اِسْتَرْهَنَنِى كَذَا فَرَهَنْتُهُ عِنْدَهُ [He asked me, or desired me, to pledge such a thing, or to deposit such a thing as a pledge, and I pledged it with him, or deposited it with him as a pledge]. (Mgh.)

رَهْنٌ, originally an inf. n., (Mṣb,) is syn. with مَرْهُونٌ↓; (Mgh, Mṣb;) i. e. (Mṣb) it signifies [A pledge;] a thing deposited with a person (Mṣb,* Ḳ) to be in lieu of a thing that has been taken, or received, from him; (Ḳ;) or a thing that is deposited as a security for a debt: andرِهَانٌ↓ has a similar meaning, but is specially applied to a thing that is deposited as a bet, or wager, or stake; and is likewise originally an inf. n.: (Er-Rághib, TA:) رَهِينَةٌ↓, also, is syn. with رَهْنٌ [as meaning the act of giving as a pledge], like as شَتِيمَةٌ is syn. with شَتْمٌ; the ة being added to give intensiveness to the significa tion: then, like رَهْنٌ, it is used as syn. with مَرْهُونٌ [in the sense explained above, as will be seen in what follows in this paragraph]; (IAth, TA;) [i. e.] رَهِينَةٌ is an inf. n. like شَتِيمَةٌ, applied to denote the pass. part. n. [used as a subst. pro perly so termed] like رَهْنٌ, not as an epithet; (Bḍ in lxxiv. 41;) [or, in other words,] رَهِينَةٌ signifies anything by reason of which a thing [such as a debt or the like] is restricted, or appro priated, to oneself; as alsoمُرْتَهَنَةٌ↓: (Ḳ: [I here follow two copies of the Ḳ, in which it is said, كُلُّ مَا ٱحْتُبِسَ بِهِ شَىْءٌ فَرَهِينَةٌ وَمُرْتَهَنَةٌ: in the CK, and in the copy of the Ḳ followed in the TA, فَرَهِينُهُ وَمُرْتَهَنُهُ, which perverts the meaning, thoughرَهِينٌ↓ andمُرْتَهَنٌ↓ may be used in the same sense as رَهِينَةٌ and مُزْتَهَنَةٌ, as will be seen in the course of this paragraph: and in the TA, in the place of ٱحْتُبِسَ, is put يحبس, meaning يُحْبَسُ: there is, however, this difference betweenرَهِينَةٌ↓ andمُرْتَهَنَةٌ↓; that the former properly signifies a thing deposited as a pledge; and the latter, a thing taken, or received, as a pledge:]) the pl. of رَهْنٌ is رِهَانٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and رُهُونٌ (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and رُهُنٌ, (Mgh, Ḳ,) this last said to be a pl. of رَهْنٌ by Aboo-ʼAmr Ibn-El-ʼAlà, but disap proved by Akh, because a word of the measure فَعْلٌ has not a pl. of the measure فُعُلٌ except in rare and anomalous instances, though he says that it may be [as it is said to be in the Mṣb] pl. of رِهَانٌ, which is pl. of رَهْنٌ, (Ṣ,) and Fr says that رُهُنٌ is pl. of رِهَانٌ, but this is denied in the M, because any pl. may not be pluralized except when there is express authority for it and when the case does not admit of any other decision; (TA;) and رُهْنٌ, also, is another pl. of رَهْنٌ, (TA,) [or rather it is a contraction of رُهُنٌ;] and another pl. of رَهْنٌ [or rather a quasi-pl. n.] isرَهِينٌ↓, (IJ, Ḳ,) like as عَبِيدٌ is of عَبْدٌ: (TA:) the pl. ofرَهِينَةٌ↓ is رَهَائِنُ. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) غَلِقَ الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ. [The pledge became, or has become, per manent as a possession, with what was, or is, comprised in it,] is a prov., applied to him who has fallen into a case from which he cannot hope to escape: it is said in a trad., لَا يَغْلَقُ الرَّهْنُ, (Meyd,) [i. e. The pledge shall not remain, or let not the pledge remain, in the hand of its receiver when its depositer is able to release it; for] لا is here either negative or prohibitive: you say, غَلِقَ الرَّهْنُ, aor. يَغْلَقُ, inf. n. غُلُوقٌ [or غَلَقٌ], meaning The pledge remained in the hand of the receiver when the depositor was able to release it: (Nh, cited in a copy of the “Jámiʼ eṣ-Ṣagheer:”) the trad. means that the receiver of the pledge shall not have a right to it when the depositer has not released it within a certain time: for it was a custom in the Time of Ignorance for the receiver to keep possession of the pledge in this case; but El-Islám abolished it. (Meyd,* Nh.) You say also, هُوَ رَهْنٌ بِكَذَا andرَهِينَةٌ↓ بكذا He, or it, is [a person, or thing,] pledged for such a thing: (IAth, TA:) or taken [as a pledge] for such a thing; as alsoرَهِينٌ↓ andمُرْتَهَنٌ↓. (TA.) And أَنَا رَهْنٌ بِكَذَا andرَهِينٌ↓ andرَهِينَةٌ↓ I am taken [as a pledge] for such a thing. (Mgh.) And [hence,] أَنَا لَكَ رَهْنٌ بِكَذَا (JK, TA) andرَهِينَةٌ↓ (TA) I am responsible, or a surety, to thee for such a thing. (JK, TA.) Andرِجْلُهُ رَهِينَةٌ↓ بِقَيْدِهِ [His leg, or foot, is a pledge for the safe-keeping of his shackle: for if the meaning were مَرْهُونَةٌ it would be رَهِينٌ, without ة]. (TA.) Andالخَلْقُ رَهَائِنُ↓ المَوْتِ [Mankind, or all created beings, are the pledges of death]. (TA.) And هُوَ رَهْنُ يَدِ المَنِيَّةِ [He is the pledge of the hand of death, or of fate, or destiny]; said of one when he has sought, or courted, death. (TA.) And يَدِى لَكَ رَهْنٌ [My hand is a pledge to thee]; by which is meant responsibility, or suretiship. (TA.) Andإِنَّهُ لَرَهِينُ↓ قَبْرٍ [Verily he is the pledge of a grave, which will render him up on the day of resurrection]. (TA.) It is said in the Ḳur lxxiv. 41,كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ↓, meaning [Every soul is a thing] pledged with God [for what it shall have wrought; its works being regarded as a debt, for which it will be either released or held in custody to be punished everlastingly]: رهينة being an inf. n. like شَتِيمَةٌ applied to denote the pass. part. n. [in a manner before mentioned] like رَهْنٌ; for if it were an epithet [i. e. used in the proper sense of a pass. part. n.] the word would be رَهِينٌ. (Bḍ.) And in lii. 21 of the same,كُلُّ ٱمْرِئٍ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَهِينٌ↓, i. e. [Every man is] pledged (مَرْهُونٌ, Bḍ, Jel) with God (عِنْدَ ٱللّٰهِ) for what he shall have wrought; so that if he have done good, He will release him; but other wise, He will destroy [or hold in confinement and punish] him; (Bḍ;) or to be punished for evil, and recompensed for good. (Jel.) And it is said in a trad.,كُلُّ غُلَامٍ رَهِينَةٌ↓ بِعَقِيقَتِهِ [Every boy that is born is a pledge for his عقيقة, i. e. for the victim that is to be sacrificed for him when his head is shaven the first time; which is com monly regarded as his ransom from the fire of Hell]: i. e., the عقيقة is absolutely necessary for him; wherefore he is likened, when not released from it, to a pledge in the hand of the receiver: El-Khaṭṭábee says that the best explanation of it is that of Aḥmad Ibn-Hambal; that if the عقيقة be not sacrificed for the boy and he die an infant, he will not intercede for his parents. (TA.)

See also what next follows.

هُوَ رِهْنُ مَالٍ, (JK, Ḳ, TA,) with kesr, (Ḳ,) andرَهْنُهُ↓, (JK,) He is a manager, tender, or superintendent, of cattle, or camels, &c.; or a good pastor thereof. (Ḳ,* TA.)

رَاهِنٌ Continuing, subsisting, lasting, enduring, remaining, or remaining fixed or stationary, permanent, constant, firm, steady, steadfast, stable, fixed, fast, settled, or established. (Ṣ,* Mgh, Mṣb.) You say طَعَامٌ رَاهِنٌ (Ṣ, Mgh) Food that continues, or is permanent,, &c. (Mgh.) And خَمْرٌ رَاهِنَةٌ Wine of which there is a con tinual, or constant, supply; uninterrupted, or unfailing. (TA.) And نِعْمَةُ ٱللّٰهِ رَاهِنَةٌ, i. e. [The bounty of God is] continual, permanent, or constant. (TA.) And حَالَةٌ رَاهِنَةٌ A state, or condition, continuing; remaining to the present time. (Es-Semeen, TA.) And هٰذَا رَاهِنٌ لَكَ meaning This is continual, or permanent, to thee; beloved by thee; and also as explained below. (TA.)

‡ Remaining, staying, dwelling, or abid ing, in a place. (JK.)

Prepared. (Ḳ.) One says, هٰذَا رَاهِنٌ لَكَ meaning as explained above, and also This is prepared for thee. (TA.)

As an epithet applied to a man, and a camel, (JK, Ṣ, TA,) and any beast, (TA,) Lean, or emaciated; (JK, Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) accord. to ISh, in consequence of riding, or disease, or some [other] accident: (TA:) and fatigued, tired, weary, or jaded. (JK, TA.)

And إِبِلٌ رَاهِنَةٌ Camels that will not, or do not, pasture upon the [plants, or tress, termed] حَمْض. (JK.)

رَاهِنَةٌ The navel, with what surrounds it, (JK, Az, Ḳ,) in the outer part of the belly (JK) of the horse. (JK, Az, Ḳ.)

إِرْهَانٌ A thong, or strap, that is bound upon the middle of the نِير [or yoke] that is upon the two bulls [drawing a plough]. (JK.)

أُرْهُونٌ A girl, or young woman menstruating: (Ḳ:) seen by Az in the handwriting of Aboo Bekr El-Iyádee, but not seen by him on any other authority. (TA.)

مَرْهُونٌ [Pledged; deposited as a pledge; or] restricted, or placed in custody, for, or by reason of, a debt; (Ṣ,* Mṣb;) originally مَرْهُونٌ بِالدَّيْنِ [or بِدَيْنٍ]; (Mṣb;) andرَهِينٌ↓ signifies the same; (Ṣ, Mṣb;) and the fem. of this [or rather the subst. formed from it, for when it is used as a fem. epithet, having the sense of a pass. part. n., it is without ة, as remarked above, voce رَهْنٌ,] is رَهِينَةٌ. (Ṣ.) الأُمُورُ مَرْهُونَةٌ بِأَوْقَاتِهَا is expl. by مَكْفُولَةٌ [app. meaning Events are guaranteed, or pledged, for their times, to which they are limited by the decrees of God]. (TA.) See also رَهْنٌ.

مُرْتَهِنٌ One who takes, or receives, a رَهْن [or pledge]. (Ṣ.)