Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

سَبَتَ, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb,) aor. ـُ {يَسْبُتُ}, (Ṣ, Mṣb) only, (Ṣ,) or ـِ, (so written in a copy of the M,) [both of which are said by MF to be indicated, or implied, in the Ḳ, but this is not clearly the case,] inf. n. سَبْتٌ, (M, Ḳ,* TA,) He rested: (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ:*) and ceased, or abstained, from works: (TA:) and was, or became, quiet, still, or motionless: (M, TA:) andاسبت↓ signifies [the same, or] he was, or became, motionless: (Ṣ, TA:) Az says that سَبَتَ in the first of these senses is not known in the language of the Arabs: (TA:) [but J says that] the primary signification of سُبَاتٌ is “rest:” and hence the former of these verbs signifies he slept. (Ṣ.)

And سَبَتَتِ اليَهُودُ, (Ṣ,* A, Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَسْبِتُ} (Ṣ, Ḳ) and ـُ {يَسْبُتُ}, (Ḳ,) inf. n. سَبْتٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) The Jews kept, or performed, the ordinances of their سَبْت [or sabbath]: (Ṣ, Ḳ:*) or سَبَتُوا, aor. ـِ {يَسْبِتُ} (M, Mṣb) and ـُ {يَسْبُتُ}, (M,) inf. n. سَبْتٌ; (Mṣb;) andاسبتوا↓; (Ṣ, M, Mṣb;) they entered upon the سَبْت [or sabbath]: (Ṣ, M:) or they (the Jews) ceased from seeking the means of subsistence, and the labouring to acquire gain. (Mṣb.) It is said in the Ḳur [vii. 163], وَيَوْمَ لَا يَسْبِتُونَ And on the day when they were not keeping the ordinances of their سَبْت: (Ṣ:) where some readلا يُسْبِتُونَ↓, from أَسْبَتَ; and some, لا يُسْبَتُونَ↓, in the pass. form, meaning when they were not made to enter upon [the observance of] the سَبْت. (Bḍ.)

سَبَتَتْ, aor. ـِ {يَسْبِتُ}, inf. n. سَبْتٌ, She (a camel) went the pace termed سَبْتٌ meaning as expl. below. (M.)

And سَبْتٌ signifies also The outstripping in running. (M.)

And as inf. n. of سَبَتَ said of a man, (TḲ,) سَبْتٌ also signifies The being confounded, or perplexed, unable to see one's right course, (Ḳ, TA,) and being [therefore] silent, or lowering the eyes, looking towards the ground. (TA.)

سَبَتَ الشَّىْءَ, (M, TA,) inf. n. سَبْتٌ, (M, A, Mgh, Ḳ,) i. q. قَطَعَهُ [meaning He cut the thing; or cut it off; severed it; and intercepted, or interrupted, it; put a stop, or an end, to it; or made it to cease; relating to ideal as well as real objects; for instance, to work, or action, as is shown in the TA]; (M, A, Mgh, Ḳ, TA;) as alsoسبّتهُ↓: expl. by Lḥ as relating particularly to necks. (M, TA.) [Hence,] سَبَتَ عِلَاوَتَهُ, (Ṣ, M,) inf. n. سَبْتٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) He smote his neck [so as to decapitate him]: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) and سُبِتَتْ عِلَاوَتُهُ, His head was cut off. (A. [This is there said to be tropical; but why, I do not see.])

And سَبَتَتِ اللُّقْمَةُ حَلْقِى, andسَبَّتَتْهُ↓, i. q. قَطَعَتْهُ [i. e. The morsel, or gobbet, obstructed, or stopped, my fauces]: but the verb without teshdeed is the more usual. (M, TA.)

And سَبَتَ رَأْسَهُ, (M, A, Mgh, Mṣb,) aor. ـِ {يَسْبِتُ}, (M, Mṣb, TA,) inf. n. سَبْتٌ, (Ṣ, M, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) He shaved his head: (Ṣ, M, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ:) and in like manner, سَبَتَ شَعَرَهُ, he shaved off his hair; (TA;) as alsoسبّتهُ↓ andاسبتهُ↓. (AA, TA in art. سبد.)

And سَبْتٌ also signifies The letting down the hair, or letting it fall or hang down, after (lit. from, عَن,) [the twisting, or plaiting, termed] العَقْص. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

سُبِتَ He (a man) was, or became, affected with [the kind, or degree, or semblance, of sleep termed] سُبَات [q. v.]: (IAạr, M, TA:) and (TA) he swooned: (Mṣb, TA:) and he became prostrated like him who is sleeping, generally closing his eyes; said of a sick man: (TA:) and also he died. (Mṣb, TA.)

see 1, former half, in four places.

اسبتت الحَيَّةُ, inf. n. إِسْبَاتٌ The serpent was, or became, silent; or bent down its head, or lowered its eyes, looking towards the ground. (TA.)

[اسبت It (a drug) produced the kind, or degree, or semblance, of sleep termed سُبَات: and hence, it torpified, or benumbed: often used in this sense in medical works: andسبّت↓ is also used in this sense in the present day.]

See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.

انسبت [It became cut off, interrupted, put a stop to, or put an end to, or it ceased: meanings indicated in this art. in the M and TA.]

It became extended: (Ḳ:) or long and extended, together with softness. (TA.) It is said in a description of the countenance of the Prophet, (TA,) كَانَ فِى وَجْهِهِ ٱنْسِبَاتٌ There was, in his face, length, and extension. (Ḳ,* TA.)

It (a hide) became soft by the process of tanning. (IAạr, TA.)

انسبتت الرُّطَبَةُ The date became wholly pervaded by ripeness: (M, TA:) and became soft. (TA.) And انسبت الرُّطَبُ The dates became all ripe, or ripe throughout. (M, TA.)

سَبْتٌ Rest: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) and quiet, stillness, or freedom from motion. (TA.) [See 1, of which it is an inf. n.] See also سُبَاتٌ.

السَّبْتُ, (M, Ḳ,) or يَوْمُ السَّبْتِ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) [The sabbath, or Saturday;] one of the days of the week; (M, Ḳ;) the seventh of those days: (M:) so called because the creation commenced on the first day of the week and continued to [the end of] Friday, and on the سبت there was no creation, the work having ceased thereon: or, as some say, because the Jews ceased thereon from work, and the management of affairs: (M, TA:) or because the days [of the week] end thereon: (Ṣ, TA:) Az says that he errs who asserts it to have been so called because God commanded the Children of Israel to rest thereon, and that God created the heavens and the earth in six days, whereof the last was Friday, then rested, and the work ceased, and therefore He named the seventh day يوم السبت: this, he says, is an error, because [he affirms that] سَبَتَ as meaning “he rested” is not known in the language of the Arabs, but signifies قَطَعَ; and rest cannot be attributed to God, because He knows not fatigue, and rest is only after fatigue and work: (TA:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَسْبُتٌ and [of mult.] سُبُوتٌ: (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ:) it has no dim. (Sb, Ṣ in art. امس.)

سَبْتٌ also means A week; from the سَبْت to the سَبْت [i. e. from the sabbath to the sabbath]: so in the saying, in a trad., فَمَا رَأَيْنَا الشَّمْسَ سَبْتًا [And we saw not the sun for a week]: as when one says “twenty autumns” meaning “twenty years:” or it means in this instance a space of time, whether short or long. (TA.)

I. q. بُرْهَةٌ [i. e. A space, or period, or a long space or period,] (M, Ḳ, TA) مِنَ الدَّهْرِ [of time]: (TA:) so in the saying, أَقَمْتُ سَبْتًا [I remained, staid, dwelt, or abode, a space, or a long space, of time]; as alsoسَبْتَةً↓ andسَنْبَتًا↓ andسَنْبَتَتًا↓. (M, Ḳ.)

And i. q. دَهْرٌ [meaning Time; or a long time; or a space, or period, of time, whether long or short;, &c.]; as alsoسُبَاتٌ↓. (Ṣ, M, Ḳ.) And [hence]اِبْنَا سُبَاتٍ↓ means † The night and the day: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) Ibn Aḥmar says,

* وَكُنَّا وَهُمْ كَٱبْنَىْ سُبَاتٍ تَفَرَّقَا *

* سِوًى ثُمَّ كَانَا مُنْجِدًا وَتَهَامِيَا *

[And we were, with them, like the night and the day that parted asunder alike, then became one going towards Nejd and one going towards Tihámeh]: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) such, they say, is the meaning: (Ṣ:) or, as IB says, on the authority of Aboo-Jaạfar Moḥammad Ibn-Ḥabeeb, ابنا سبات were two men, one of whom saw the other in a dream, and then one of them awoke in Nejd, and the other in Tihámeh: or they were two brothers, one of whom went to the east to see where the sun rose, and the other to the west to see where it set. (L, TA.)

Also A certain pace (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) of camels: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or a quick pace: (TA:) or i. q. عَنَقٌ [q. v.]: (AA, Ṣ:) or a pace exceeding that termed العَنَقُ. (M.)

A swift, or an excellent, horse; (Ḳ, TA;) that runs much. (TA.)

A boy, or young man, of bad disposition, or illnatured, and bold, or daring. (Ḳ)

A man cunning, i. e. possessing intelligence, or sagacity, or intelligence mixed with craft and forecast; and excellent in judgment; or very cunning, &c.; (Ḳ, TA;) silent, or lowering his eyes, looking towards the ground; (TA;) andسُبَاتٌ↓ signifies the same. (Ḳ, TA.)

A man who sleeps much; (Ḳ;) i. e. كَثِيرُ السُّبَاتِ. (TA.) See also مَسْبُوتٌ.

See also what next follows.

سُبْتٌ A certain plant, resembling the خِطْمِىّ [or marsh-mallow]; (Kr, M, Ḳ;) as alsoسَبْتٌ↓, (Ḳ [there expressly said to be with fet-ḥ],) orسِبْتٌ↓: (M [so written in a copy of that work]:) said to be a certain plant used for tanning. (MF.) See the next paragraph.

سِبْتٌ The hides, or skins, of oxen; (M, Ḳ;) whether tanned or not tanned: so some say: (M:) or (so accord. to the M, in the Ḳ and TA “and,” but the و is omitted in the CK,) any tanned hide; (Aṣ, AA, M, Ḳ;) said to be so called [because the tanning removes the hair,] from السَّبْتُ, “the act of shaving:” (AA, TA:) or such. as is tanned with قَرَظ [q. v.]: (M, Ḳ:) or only ox-hides tanned: so says AḤn on the authority of Aṣ and AZ: (TA:) or ox-hides tanned with قَرَظ, (Ṣ, Mgh,) whereof are made [the sandals called] نِعَالٌ سِبْتِيَّةٌ↓: (Ṣ) these are hence thus called: (Mgh:) they are sandals having no hair upon them: (M, Mṣb:) or sandals tanned with قرَظ: (AA, TA:) accord. to Az, they are thus called because their hair has been shaven off (سُبِتَ, i. e. حُلِقَ,) and removed by a wellknown process in tanning, (Mgh,* TA,) so that they are soft; and they are of the sandals of people that lead a life of ease and softness: (Mgh:) IAạr says that they are thus called because of their having become soft by the tanning: accord. to this, they should be called سَبْتِيَّة↓; and so accord. to a saying of Ed-Dáwoodee, that they are called in relation to سُوقُ السَّبْتِ [“the Market of the Sabbath”]: it is also said that they are called in relation to the سُبْت↓, with damm, which is a plant used for tanning therewith; so that they should be called سُبْتِيَّة↓, unless the appellation be an instance of a rel. n. deviating from its source of derivation [or unless this plant be also termed سِبْتٌ, as it is accord. to a copy of the M]: (TA:) see سُبْتٌ. It is related of the Prophet, that he saw a man walking among the graves wearing his sandals, and said, يَا صَاحِبَ السِّبْتَينِ اِخْلَعْ سِبْتَيْكَ [meaning ‡ O wearer of the pair of sandals of سِبْت, pull off thy pair of sandals of سِبْت]: (Ṣ,* TA:) and accord. to the A, they are thus termed tropically: it is like the saying “Such a one wears wool, and cotton, and silk;” meaning “garments made thereof;” as is said in the Nh: but, as some relate it, what he said was, يَا صَاحِبَ السِّبْتِيَّيْنِ↓, the last of these words being a rel. n.; and thus it is found in the handwriting of Az, in his book. (TA.)

سِبِتٌّ, (M, L, Ḳ,) like فِلِزٌّ, (TA,) [in a copy of the M erroneously written سِبْت,] A certain plant; [anethum graveolens, or dill, of the common garden-species;] an arabicized word, from [the Pers.] شِبِتّ [or شِبِتْ]: (AḤn, M, L:) or i. q. شِبِتٌّ; both words arabicized from شِوِذْ [or شِوِدْ]: (Ḳ:) asserted by some to be the same as سَنُّوتٌ [q. v.]: (M, L:) Az says that شِبِتٌّ, the name of a well-known herb, or leguminous plant, is an arabicized word; that he had heard the people of El-Bahreyn call it سِبِتٌّ, with the unpointed س, and with ت; that it is originally, in Pers., شِوِذْ; and that it has another dial. var., namely, سبط [i. e. سِبِطٌّ]. (El-Jawáleeḳee, TA.)

سَبْتَةٌ: see سَبْتٌ, in the middle of the paragraph.

Also Goats, collectively. (Ḳ.)

سَبْتَآءُ A [desert such as is termed] صَحْرَآء: (AZ, Ḳ:) or أَرْضٌ سَبْتَآءُ is like صَحْرَآءُ: or a land in which are no trees: (M:) and i. q.مَسْبُوتَةٌ↓ [i. e. a bare land; as though shorn of its herbage]: (TA:) pl. سَبَاتِىُّ. (M.)

Also, [in like manner] a fem. epithet, Having spreading, or expanded, ears, whether long or short. (Ḳ.)

سَبْتِىٌّ One who fasts alone on the سَبْت [i. e. sabbath, or Saturday]: thus in the saying mentioned by Th, on the authority of IAạr, لَا تَكُ سَبْتِيًّا [Be not thou one who fasts, &c.]. (M.)

سِبْتَانٌ, with kesr, Foolish, stupid, or of little sense; (Ḳ, TA;) confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; without understanding. (TA.)

سُبَاتٌ primarily signifies Rest [like سَبْتٌ]: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) and hence, sleep: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or heavy sleep: (Mṣb:) or sleep that is hardly perceptible (خَفِىّ, M, Ḳ, [in some copies of the Ḳ, as mentioned by Freytag, خَفِيف, i. e. light,]), like a swoon: (M:) or the commencement of sleep in the head [and its continuance] until it reaches the heart: (Th, M, Ḳ:) or the sleep of one who is sick; i. e. light sleep: (TA:) andسَبْتٌ↓ signifies the same as سُبَاتٌ. (T, TA.) Hence, in the Ḳur [lxxviii. 9, and in like manner the word is used in xxv. 49], وَجَعَلْنَا نَوْمَكُمْ سُبَاتًا; (Ṣ;) i. e. قَطْعًا; as though a man, when he slept, were cut off from [the rest of] mankind: (IAạr, TA:) or سبات is when one is cut off, or ceases, from motion, while the soul still remains in the body; i. e., the text means, And we have made your sleep to be rest unto you: (Zj, TA:) or we have made your sleep to be a cutting off from sensation and motion, for rest to the animal forces, and for causing their weariness to cease: or, to be death: (Bḍ:) or, to be rest unto your bodies by the interruption of labour, or work. (Jel.)

See also سَبْتٌ, latter half, in three places.

سَبُوتٌ A she-camel that goes the pace termed سَبْتٌ: or constantly going the pace termed عَنَقٌ. (M.)

سَبَنْتًى, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) as also سَبَنْدًى, (Ṣ,) Bold, or daring; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) as an epithet applied to anything [i. e. man or brute]: the ى is added to render it quasi-coordinate to the class of quinqueliteral-radical words, not to denote the fem. gender, for it receives ة as a termination [to denote the fem.], becoming سَبَنْتَاةٌ; (Ṣ;) and has tenween. (TA.) A poet applies the fem. epithet to a she-camel. (Ṣ.)

Also The leopard; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) so too with ة {سَبَنْتَاةٌ}; (AHeyth, L in art. سبد;) and so سَبَنْدًى: probably thus called because of his boldness, or daringness: (Ṣ:) or, as some say, the lion: fem. with ة {سَبَنْتَاةٌ}: or the fem, signifies a bold, or daring, lioness: or a she-camel of bold, or daring, breast; but this last is not of valid authority: (M:) and a beast of prey [absolutely]: (L in art. سيد:) pl. سَبَانِتُ; (Ḳ, TA;) and some of the Arabs make سَبَاتِى [or rather سَبَاتٍ] to be its pl. (TA.)

The fem. {سَبَنْتَاةٌ} also, applied to a woman, signifies Sharp in tongue; or clamorous; or clamorous and foul-tongued; or long-tongued and vehemently clamorous. (TA.)

مُسْبِتٌ Motionless; not moving. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

And, accord. to the L and Ḳ, Entering upon the day called السَّبْتُ [i. e. the sabbath]: but correctly, entering upon the observance of the سَبْت [or sabbath]. (TA.)

مَسْبُوتٌ Affected with [the kind, or degree, or semblance, of sleep termed] سُبَات [q. v.]: (IAạr, M:) or affected with a swoon: and, applied to a sick man, prostrated like him who is sleeping, generally closing his eyes: (Ṣ:) or confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course: (Mṣb:) andسَبْتٌ↓ signifies the same as مَسْبُوتٌ; as in the saying, cited by Aṣ,

* يُصْبِحُ مَخْمُورًا وَيُمْسِى سَبْتَا *

[He is in the morning affected with the remains of intoxication, and he is in the evening affected with sleep, or heavy sleep,, &c.]. (T, TA.)

Also Dead. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

رَأْسٌ مَسْبُوتٌ [A head cut off.] (A.)

أَرْضٌ مَسْبُوتَةٌ: see سَبْتَآءُ.

رُطَبٌ مُنْسَبِتٌ Dates that have become all ripe, or ripe throughout. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) And رَطَبَةٌ مُنْسَبِتَةٌ [A date that is ripe throughout: and also] a soft date. (TA.)