Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

سَرَى, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) or سَرَى اللَّيْلَ (Mṣb) and بِاللَّيْلِ, (Mgh, Mṣb,) aor. يَسْرِى, (Ḳ,) inf. n. سُرًى (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Ḳ) and مَسْرًى (Ṣ, Ḳ) and سَرْيَةٌ and سُرْيَةٌ (M, Ḳ) and سِرَايَةٌ; (Ṣ,* and TA as from the Ḳ, but not in the CK nor in my MṢ. copy of the Ḳ;) the first of a form rare among inf. ns., because it is one of the forms of pls., as is shown by the fact that some of the Arabs make it and هُدًى fem., namely, Benoo-Asad, supposing them to be pls. of سُرْيَةٌ and هُدْيَةٌ, (Ṣ,) and Lḥ knew not سُرًى but as a fem. noun; (M;) or the inf. n. is سَرْىٌ, and سُرْيَةٌ and سَرْيَةٌ are more special [in meaning, as will be shown below, voce سَرْيَةٌ], and سُرًى is pl. of سُرْيَةٌ; (Mṣb;) or سَرْيَةٌ is an inf. n. un., and سُرْيَةٌ is a simple subst., and so is سُرًى, (Ṣ, TA,) and so is سِرَايَةٌ (Mṣb, TA) also, as some say; (TA;) He journeyed, or travelled, by night, or in the night, (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) in a general sense; (M, Ḳ;) accord. to AZ, in the first part part of the night, and in the middle thereof, and in the last part thereof; (Mṣb, TA;) andاسرى↓ signifies the same (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) in the dial. of El-Ḥijáz, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) inf. n. إِسْرَآءٌ; (M;) as alsoاسترى↓; (M, Ḳ;) and perhaps تسرّى↓ likewise. (Mgh.) [See also سُرًى and سَرْيَةٌ below.] It is said in a prov.,ذَهَبُوا إِسْرَآءَ↓ قُنْفُذٍ [They went away in the manner of a hedge-hog's night-travelling; meaning they went away by night]; because the قنفذ goes all the night, not sleeping. (M.)

[Hence, as denoting unseen progress,] it is said also of the root of a tree, meaning It crept along beneath the ground; (Az, M, Ḳ;) aor. as above, (M,) inf. n. سَرْىٌ. (TA.)

And it is said of ideal things, as being likened to corporeal things; tropically, and by extension of the signification; (Mṣb, TA;) or metaphorically; [as, for instance,] of calamities, and wars, and anxieties: (M, TA:) and the predominant inf. ns. [in these cases] are سِرَايَةٌ and سَرَيَانٌ. (TA.) One says, سَرَى عِرْقُ السُّوْءِ فِى الإِنْسَانِ ‡ [The root, or strain, of evil crept in the man]. (Es-Sarakustee, Mṣb, TA.) And سَرَى فِيهِ السَّمُّ ‡ [The poison crept in him, or pervaded him]; and similarly one says of wine; and of the like of these two things. (El-Fárábee, Mṣb, TA. [See also دَبَّ.]) And the lawyers say, سَرَى الجُرْحُ إِلَى النَّفْسِ ‡ [The wound extended to the soul], meaning that the pain of the wound continued until death ensued in consequence thereof: (Mgh,* Mṣb, TA:) and قُطِعَ كَفُّهُ فَسَرَى إِلَى سَاعِدِهِ ‡ [His hand was cut off, and it extended to his upper arm], meaning that the effect of the wound passed by transmission: and سَرَى التَّحْرِيمُ, and العِتْقُ, ‡ The prohibition, and the emancipation, [extended, or] passed by transmission: phrases current among the lawyers, but not mentioned in books of repute, though agreeable with others here preceding and following. (Mṣb, TA.) One says also, سَرَى عَلَيْهِ الهَمُّ ‡ Anxiety came to him [or upon him] by night: and سَرَى هَمُّهُ ‡ His anxiety went away. (Mṣb, TA.) And similar to these is the phrase in the Ḳur [lxxxix. 3], وَٱللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ ‡ And by the night when it goes away: (Mṣb, TA:) or, as some say, when one journeys in it; like as one says لَيْلٌ نَائِمٌ meaning “night in which one sleeps:” the [final] ى [of the verb] is elided because it terminates a verse. (TA.)

It is made trans. by means of ب: (Mṣb:) one says, سَرَى بِهِ [He made him to journey, or travel, or he transported him, by night, or in the night; or it may be rendered he journeyed, or travelled, with him, by night, or in the night]; (M, Mṣb, Ḳ;) and in like manner, [and more commonly,]أَسْرَى↓ بِهِ; (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ;) andأَسْرَاهُ↓; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) like as one says, أَخَذَ بِالخِطَامِ as well as اخذ الخِطَامَ. (Ṣ.) As to the saying in the Ḳur [xvii. 1],سُبْحَانَ ٱلَّذِى أَسْرَى↓ بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا [Extolled be the glory of Him who transported his servant by night!], it is an instance of corroboration, (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA,) like the saying, سِرْتُ أَمْسِ نَهَارًا and البَارِحَةَ لَيْلًا: (Ṣ, TA:) or the meaning is [simply] سَيَّرَهُ: (Ḳ, TA:) accord. to 'Alam-ed-Deen Es-Sakháwee, لَيْلًا is added, although الإِسْرَآء is not otherwise than by night, because the space over which he was transported is not to be traversed in less than forty days, but was traversed by him in one night; as though the meaning [intended] were, فِى لَيْلٍ وَاحِدٍ; and it denotes wonder: لَيْلًا is here used instead of لَيْلَةً because when they say سَرَى لَيْلَةً the meaning generally is he occupied the whole of the night in journeying: Er-Rághib holds the verb in this instance to be from سَرَاةٌ signifying “a wide tract of land,” to belong to art. سرو, and to be like أَجْبَلَ and أَتْهَمَ; the meaning being, who transported his servant over a wide tract of land: but this is strange. (TA.)

سَرَى مَتَاعَهُ, (M, Ḳ,) aor. يَسْرِى, (M, TA,) inf. n. سَرْىٌ, (TA,) He threw his goods, or utensils and furniture, upon the back of his beast. (M, Ḳ.)

And سَرَى عَنِّى الثَّوْبَ, inf. n. سَرْىٌ, He removed from over me the garment: but و is more approved [as the final radical: see 1 in art, سرو]. (M, TA.) You say, سَرَيْتُ الثَّوْبَ andسَرَّيْتُهُ↓ I pulled off the garment: andسُرِّىَ↓ عَنْهُ It was removed from over him, and removed from its place: the teshdeed denotes intensiveness. (TA.)

سرّى, (Ḳ,) or سرّى سَرِيَّةً, (TA,) inf. n. تَسْرِيَةٌ, He (the leader of an army, TA) detached a سَرِيَّة [q. v.] (Ḳ, TA) to the enemy by night. (TA.)

سرّى العَرَقَ عَنْ بَدَنِهِ, inf. n. as above, He exuded the sweat from his body. (TA.)

See also 1, last sentence, in two places.

سُرًى, [said by some to be an inf. n., by some to be a simple subst., and by some to be pl. of سُرْيَةٌ, or supposed to be so, and therefore made fem., as mentioned in the first sentence of this art.,] meaning A journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night, in a general sense, is masc. and fem., (M, Ḳ,) by some of the Arabs made fem., (Ṣ,) and not known to Lḥ but as a fem. noun. (M.) It is said in a prov.,

* عِنْدَ الصَّبَاحِ يَحْمَدُ القَوْمُ السُّرَى *

[At daybreak, the party commend night-journeying]: applied to the man who endures difficulty, or distress, or fatigue, hoping for rest, or ease: (Meyd:) and in inciting to labour for the accomplishment of an affair with patience, and to dispose and subject the mind, until one commends the result thereof. (Ḥar p. 555, q. v.)

سَرْيَةٌ andسُرْيَةٌ↓ are inf. ns. of سَرَى: (M, Ḳ:) or have a more special signification than the inf. n. of that verb, which is سَرْىٌ: one says, سَرَيْنَا سَرْيَةً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ andسُرْيَةً↓ [We journeyed by night a journey of the night]: and the pl. ofسُرْيَةٌ↓ is [said to be] سُرًى: (Mṣb:) or one says, سَرَيْنَا سَرْيَةً وَاحِدَةً [We journeyed by night a single night-journey]: and the subst. [signifying a journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night,] is سُرْيَةٌ↓, and سُرًى. (Ṣ, TA.)

سُرْيَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in four places.

سِرْيَةٌ meaning An arrow-head, (Aṣ, M, TA,) such as is small, short, round and smooth, having no breadth, (M, TA,) is a dial. var. of سِرْوَةٌ [q. v.], (Aṣ, TA,) or formed from the latter word by the substitution of ى for و because of the kesreh: (M, TA:) accord. to the Ḳ, سَرِيَّةٌ↓ signifies a small round arrow-head; but this is a mistake; the correct word being سِرْيَةٌ, with kesr, and without teshdeed to the ى. (TA.)

It is also a dial. var. of سِرْوَةٌ signifying The locust in its first state, when it is a larva. (Ṣ in art. سرو.)

سَرَآءٌ A certain tree, (AḤn, Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) from which bows are made, (AḤn, Ṣ, M,) the wood whereof is of the best of woods, and which is of the trees of the mountains: (AḤn, M:) El-Ghanawee El-Aạrábee says, the نَبْع and شَوْحَط [q. v.] and سَرَآء are one: (TA in art. شحط:) [it is also mentioned in the TA in art. سرأ:] n. un. سَرَآءَةٌ. (M, Ḳ.)

سَرِىٌّ i. q. نَهْرٌ [A river,, &c.]: (Th, M:) or a rivulet, or streamlet: (Ṣ, M, Mṣb:) or a rivulet running to palm-trees: (M, Ḳ:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْرِيَةٌ (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) and [of mult.] سُرْيَانٌ: (Sb, Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ:) أَسْرِيَآءُ as its pl. has not been heard. (Ṣ.) Thus it has been expl. as occurring in the Ḳur xix. 24. (M, TA.)

See also art. سرو.

سَرِيَّةٌ A portion of an army: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ; because marching by night, privily; (Mgh, Mṣb;) thus originally, and afterwards applied also to such as march by day: (Ḥam p. 45:) or it may be from الاِسْتِرَآءُ “the act of choosing, or selecting;” because a company chosen from the army: (Mgh: [but if so, belonging to art. سرو:]) from five persons to three hundred: (M, Ḳ:) or four hundred: (Ḳ:) or, of horsemen, about four hundred: (M:) or the best thereof, (Ṣ,) or the utmost, (Nh,) consists of four hundred: (Ṣ, Nh:) or, accord. to the “Fet-ḥ el-Bári,” from a hundred to five hundred: (TA:) or nine, and more than this; three, and four, and the like being termed طَلِيعَةٌ, not سَرِيَّةٌ: but it is related of the Prophet that he sent a single person as a سَرِيَّة: (Mgh:) the pl. is سَرَايَا (Ṣ, Mṣb) and سَرِيَّاتٌ. (Mṣb.)

See also سِرْيَةٌ.

سِرَايَةٌ A journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night: (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA:) an inf. n.; (TA as from the Ḳ; [see 1, first sentence;]) or a simple subst. (Mṣb, TA.)

[سَرَيَانِىٌّ, from the inf. n. سَرَيَانٌ, Pervasive: occurring in philosophical works, and probably post-classical.]

[The Syriac language.]

سَرَّآءٌ One who journeys much, or often, by night. (Ḳ.)

سَارٍ Journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night, in a general sense: (M, TA:*) pl. سُرَاةٌ. (TA.)

Hence, because of his going [about] by night, (TA,) السَّارِى signifies The lion; as alsoالمُسَارِى↓ andالمُسْتَرِى↓. (Ḳ, TA.)

سَارِيَةٌ A party, or company of men, journeying by night. (Er-Rághib, TA.)

And A cloud that comes by night: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) or clouds that travel by night: (Ḳ:) or a cloud that is between that which comes in the early morning and that which comes in the evening: [perhaps thus termed as having previously travelled in the night:] or, accord. to Lḥ, a rain that comes in the night: (M, TA:) pl. سَوَارِى [app. a mistranscription for سَوَارٍ, being indeterminate]. (Ḳ, TA.)

One says, جَآءَ صَبِيحَةَ سَارِيَةٍ He came in the morning of a night in which was rain. (TA.)

And the pl. السَّارِيَاتُ signifies The asses: (M:) or the wild asses: (TA:) because they rest not by night: (M:) or because they pasture by night. (TA.)

Also A column, syn. أُسْطُوَانَةٌ, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) of stone, or of baked bricks; so in the “Bári':” (TA:) pl. سَوَارٍ. (Mgh.)

[And A mast: see حَنَّ and صَرَّ: and see also صَارِيَةٌ.]

أَسْرَى [More, and most, used to night-journeying]. أَسْرَى مِنْ قُنْفُذٍ [More used to go about by night than a hedge-hog] is a prov. of the Arabs. (TA.) [See also the same word in art. سرو.]

مَسْرًى may be a n. of place and a n. of time, [signifying A place, and a time, of night-journeying,] as well as an inf. n. (Ḥam p. 23.) It is [used also in a larger sense, as] syn. with مَذْهَبٌ [A place, and a time, of going, &c.: a way by which one goes, &c.]. (Ḥar p. 540.)

المُتَسَرِّى He who goes forth in, or among, the [company termed] سَرِيَّة. (IAth, TA.)