Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

سَفَرَ, (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَسْفِرُ}, inf. n. سَفْرٌ, (M, Ḳ,) He swept a house, or chamber, (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ,), &c. (M.)

And He, or it, [swept away; or took away, or carried off, in every direction: and] dispersed: (M, Ḳ:) and removed, took off, or stripped off, a thing from a thing which it covered. (M * A,* Ḳ.) You say, سَفَرَتِ الرِّيحُ التُّرَابَ, and الوَرَقَ, † The wind swept away the dust, and the leaves: or too them away, or carried them off, in every direction. (M.) And سَفَرَت ِ الرِّيحُ الغَيْمَ † The wind dispersed the clouds: (M, TA:) or † removed the clouds from the face of the sky. (A,* TA.) And you say of a woman, سَفَرَتْ, (Ṣ, M, A, Mgh, Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَسْفِرُ}, (M,) inf. n. سُفُورٌ, (M, Mgh,) meaning She removed her veil (M, A, Mgh) عَنْ وَجْهِهَا from her face: (A, M:) and [elliptically] (M) she uncovered her face: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) [for] سَفَرْتُ الشَّىْءَ, [being for سفرت عَنِ الشَّىْءِ,] aor. ـِ {يَسْفِرُ}, inf. n. سَفْرٌ [or سُفُورٌ?], signifies I uncovered the thing; made it apparent, or manifest: (Mgh:) [but accord. to Mṭr,] the phrase تَسْفِرُ وَجْهَهَا [meaning she uncovers her face] is of weak authority. (Mgh.)

Hence, i. e. from سَفَرَتْ meaning “she uncovered her face,” (M,) سَفَرْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ, (Ṣ, M, Mgh,* Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَسْفِرُ} (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and ـُ {يَسْفُرُ}, (Ḳ,) inf. n. سِفَارَةٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and سَفَارَةٌ and سَفْرٌ, (Ḳ,) † I made peace, effected a reconciliation, or adjusted a difference, between the people; (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) because he who does so exposes what is in the mind of each party: (TA:) or I exposed what was in the mind of this and the mind of this in order to make peace,, &c., between the people. (M.) [See also سِفَارَةٌ, below.]

[And likewise, perhaps, from سَفَرَتْ meaning “she uncovered her face,”] سَفَرَتِ الشَّمْسُ, aor. ـِ {يَسْفِرُ}, inf. n. سَفْرٌ, † The sun rose. (Mṣb.)

See also 4, in two places.

سَفَرَ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) aor. ـِ {يَسْفِرُ}, (Ṣ,) or ـُ, (Mṣb,) inf. n. سُفُورٌ, (Ṣ,) or سَفَرٌ, (Mṣb,) [the former of which inf. ns. perhaps indicates a radical relation to سَفَرَتْ said of a woman, and of the sun, expl. above,] He went forth to journey: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) this verb, however, in this sense, [which appears to have been unknown, or not acknowledged, by the authors of the M and Ḳ, (see مُسَافِرٌ,)] is obsolete; but its inf. n. سَفَرٌ is used as a simple subst. (Mṣb. [See 3, the verb commonly used in this sense.])

[Hence, app,] سَفَرَ شَحْمُهُ ‡ His fat went away. (A, TA.)

and سَفَرَتِ الحَرْبُ ‡ The war declined; syn. وَلَّت. (A, Ḳ.)

سَفَرَ الكِتَابَ, (Ṣ, A,) aor. ـِ {يَسْفِرُ}, inf. n. سَفْرٌ, (Ṣ,) He wrote the book, or writing. (A. [See سِفْرٌ.])

سَفَرَ البَعِيرَ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or سَفَرَهُ بِالسِّفَارِ, (M,) aor. ـِ {يَسْفِرُ}, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. سَفْرٌ; (M;) andاسفرهُ↓, (AZ, M, Ḳ,) inf. n. إِسْفَارٌ; (TA;) andسفّرهُ↓, (Kr, M, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَسْفِيرٌ; (TA;) He put the سِفَار [q. v.] upon the nose of the camel. (Ṣ, M, Ḳ.)

سَفَرَ اِلغَنَمَ He sold the best of the sheep, or goats. (Ḳ.)

سفّرهُ, inf. n. تَسْفِيرٌ, He sent him to go a journey. (Ḳ, TA.)

سفّر الإِبِلَ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He pastured the camels between sunset and nightfall, and in the سَفِير, (Ḳ, TA,) i. e., the whiteness [of the sky] before night: (TA:) or he fed the camels with سَفِير [q. v.]: (so in the O:) and سفّر فَرَسَهُ, inf. n. تَسْفِيرُ, He fed his horse with سَفِير: or he kept him continually going, and trained him, in order that he might become strong to journey. (JM.)

سفّر النَّارَ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He made the fire to flame, or blaze; (Ḳ, TA;) kindled it; or made it to burn, burn up, or burn brightly or fiercely, (TA.)

See also 1, last sentence but one.

اسفرت الشَّجَرَةُ The tree had its leaves blown off [and swept away] by the wind; (Ḳ,* TA;) they having become changed in colour, and white. (TA.)

And اسفر, (inf. n. إِسْفَارٌ, Mgh, Mṣb,) It (the dawn, or daybreak,) shone, (T, Ṣ, M, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) so that there was no doubt respecting it; (T, TA;) as alsoسَفَرَ↓, (M, Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَسْفِرُ}, (Ḳ,) inf. n. سَفْرٌ: (TA:) it has a special relation to colour; meaning it shone in colour. (B, TA.)

It (the moon) caused a shining [in the sky] before its rising. (M.)

‡ It (a man's face) shone (Ṣ, M) [with happiness (see مُسْفِرٌ)]; or with beauty; for you say, اسفر حُسْنًا; (Ṣ;) as alsoسَفَرَ↓: (M:) or became overspread with beauty. (Mṣb.)

And He entered upon the time of dawn, or daybreak; (M;) or the time when the dawn became white. (Ḳ.) The Prophet said, أَسْفِرُوا بِالفَجْرِ, meaning Perform ye the prayer of daybreak when ye enter upon the time in which the dawn shines, or becomes white: (Ṣ,* Mṣb:) or when the dawn has become manifest, so that there is no doubt respecting it, every one knowing it to be the true dawn when he sees it; accord. to EshSháfi'ee and Ibn-Hambal and others: (T, TA:) or prolong ye the prayer of daybreak until ye enter upon the time when the dawn becomes white: (Ṣ, TA:) some say that it relates especially to nights in [the end of] which the moon shines, because in such the commencement of daybreak is not manifest: (TA:) or أَسْفَرَ بِالصَّلَاةِ means he performed prayer in the shining of the dawn: and the ب is for the purpose of making the verb transitive. (Mgh.)

اسفرت الحَرْبُ ‡ The war became vehement. (A, Ḳ.)

See also 1, last sentence but one.

تسفّر means أَتَى بِسَفَرٍ, (O, Ḳ,) i. e. He came in [the time of] the whiteness of day [either before sunrise or after sunset]. (TA.)

And تسفّرت الإِبِلُ The camels pastured between sunset and nightfall, (O, Ḳ,) and in the سَفِير, (Ḳ, TA,) i. e. the whiteness [of the sky] before night. (TA. [But see 2, second sentence.])

تسفّر النِسَآءَ (O, Ḳ, TA) عَنْ وُجُوهِهِنَّ (O, TA) i. q.اِسْتَسْفَرَهُنَّ↓, (O, Ḳ, TA,) i. e. He sought the brightest of the women in face and in beauty (TA, TḲ *) for marriage. (TḲ.)

And تسفّر شَيْئاً مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ ‡ He attained, or obtained, somewhat of the object of his want (O, Ḳ, TA) before its becoming beyond his reach. (TA.)

And تسفّر فُلَانًا † He sought to obtain of such a one the half (النِّصْفَ, O, Ḳ, TA [in the CK. النَّصَفَ, by which, if it be correct, may perhaps be meant what was equitable, and النِّصْفَ may bear the same interpretation,]) of a claim (تَبِعَة) that he had upon him. (O, Ḳ, TA.)

تسفّر الجِلْدُ The skin received, or had, a mark, or an impression: (O, Ḳ:) from سَفْرٌ meaning أَثَرٌ. (TA.)

انسفر الغَيْمُ † The clouds became dispersed: (M, TA:) [or] became removed from the face of the sky. (TA.)

انسفر مُقَدَّمُ رَأْسِهِ مِنَ الشَّعَرِ † The fore part of his head became divested of the hair. (Ṣ, Ḳ.*)

انسفرت الإبِلُ فِى الأَرْضِ † The camels went away into the country, or land. (M, Ḳ.*)

[اِسْفَرِّتِ الشَّمْسُ, inf. n. اِسْفِرَارٌ, app. means The sun became white, previously to setting.] See سَفَرٌ.

استسفر الِنّسَآءَ: see 5.

استسفرهُ He sent him as a سَفِير [q. v.]. (JM.)

سَفْرٌ: see مُسَافِرٌ, in two places.

Also A mark, an impression, a trace, or a vestige, (أَثَرٌ, Ḳ, TA,) remaining: (TA:) pl. سُفُورٌ. (Ḳ.) [Accord. to Freytag, it occurs in the Deewán El-Hudhaleeyeen as meaning The track, or trace, of a surge, or torrent.]

سِفْرٌ A book, or writing: (Ṣ, M:) or a great, or large, book: or a section of the Book of the Law revealed to Moses: (M, Ḳ:) or a book that discovers, or reveals, truths: (TA:) or a book is thus called because it discovers things, and makes them evident: (M:) pl. أَسْفَارٌ. (Ṣ, M.)

With respect to the saying of Aboo-Sakhr El-Hudhalee,

* زلِلَيْلَى بِذَاتِ البَيْنِ دَارٌعَرَفْتُهَا *

* وَأُخْرَى بِذَاتِ الجَيْشِ آيَاتُهَاسِفْرُ *

Skr says, [the poet means,] the marks, or traces, thereof had become effaced: [accordingly, the verse may be rendered, To Leylà there was in Dhát-el-Beyn an abode that I knew, and another in Dhát-el-Jeysh whereof the marks, or traces, are effaced:] IJ says, [app. holding the meaning to be, the marks, or traces, whereof are (like those of) an ancient book, such as a portion of the Mosaic Law,] the last word should be from the phrase سَفَرْتُ البَيْتَ, i. e. “I swept the house, or chamber;” as though the writing were swept off from the طِرْس [or “written paper” or the like, to which the poet seems to compare the site of the abode in Dhát-el-Jeysh]. (M, TA.)

سَفَرٌ Journey, or travel; the act of journeying or travelling; (Ṣ, A, Ḳ;) contr. of حَضَرٌ: (M, Ḳ:) thus called because of the going and coming in it, like the going and coming of the wind sweeping away fallen leaves: (M:) or the act of going forth to journey; an inf. n. used as a simple subst.: (Mṣb:) [therefore] the pl. is أسْفَارٌ: (Ṣ, M, A, Mṣb, Ḳ:) [and therefore it is often used as a n. un.; but, properly speaking, the n. un. is سَفْرَةٌ↓:] you say, كَانَتْ سَفْرَتُهُ قَرِيبَةً [His journey was near]: and the pl. of سَفْرَةٌ, accord. to rule, is سَفَرَاتٌ. (Mṣb.) In law, [as relating to the obligation of fasting, &c.,] The going forth with the intention of performing a journey of three days and nights, or more. (KT.)

Also The whiteness of dawn or daybreak: (A:) or the whiteness of the day: (Ṣ, M:) and i. q. صَبَاحٌ [dawn, or morning, or forenoon; but app. here used in the first of these senses]: (M:) andسَفِيرٌ↓, the whiteness [of the sky] before night: (A, TA:) or the former, the remains of the whiteness of day after sunset. (Ḳ.) You say سَفَرًا i. e. صَبَاحًا [app. as meaning In the dawn]. (A.) And the prose-rhymer says, إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشِّعْرَى سَفَرًا لَمْ تَرَفِيهَا مَطَرًا (Ṣ,* TA) i. e. When Sirius rises in the whiteness of day [meaning in the clear twilight of morning, thou seest not then rain: for Sirius rises aurorally, in Arabia, in the middle and the latter half of July, when rain scarcely ever falls there]. (Ṣ. [Accord. to the TA, the meaning, app. taken without consideration from one of the foregoing explanations of سَفَرٌ, is, when Sirius rises at nightfall: but this is during the usual winter-rains.]) You say also, لَقِيتُهُ سَفَرًا, and فِى سَفَرٍ, meaningعِنْدَٱسْفِرَارِ↓ الشَّمْسِ لِلغُرُوبِ, thus related, with س [in the word اسفرار (not with ص), and app. meaning I met him when the sun was becoming white, previously to the setting]. (M.) And بَقِىَ سَفَرٌ مِنْ نَهَارٍ [There remained a white gleam of daylight]. (A.)

سَفْرَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سُفْرَةٌ The food of the traveller; (M, Ḳ;) the food that is prepared for the traveller, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) or for a journey: (TA:) pl. َسُفَرٌ. (Mṣb.) This is the primary signification. (TA.) You say, أَكَلُوا السُّفْرَةَ They ate the food for the journey. (A.)

Hence, ‡ The receptacle thereof; (TA;) the piece of skin in which it is put. (Ṣ,* M,* Mṣb, Ḳ,* TA.) [This is commonly of a round form, with a running string; so that it is converted into a bag to contain the food, at one time, and at another time is spread flat upon the ground, when persons want to eat upon it.]

And hence, ‡ The thing [whatever it be] upon which one eats: (TA:) [in the desert, it is generally a round piece of skin, such as I have described above: in the towns, in the houses of the middle classes, a round tray of tinned copper, which is usually placed on a low stool; and in the dwellings of some of the highest classes, and the lowest, respectively, of silver and wood:] accord. to the T, سُفْرَةٌ has the last of the significations given before this, and the thing which it denotes is thus called because it is spread when one eats upon it. (TA.)

سِفَارٌ (Lḥ, Ṣ, M, Ḳ) andسِفَارَةٌ↓ (Lḥ, M) A piece of iron, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) or a cord, (M,) or a piece of skin, (Ḳ,) that is put over the nose [and jaws] of a camel, in the place of the حَكَمَة [q. v.] (Lḥ, Ṣ, M, Ḳ) of the horse: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or a cord that is attached to the خِطَام [q. v.] of a camel, a part being twisted round it, and the rest being made a rein: and sometimes it is of iron: (Lth:) pl. [of pauc., of the former,] أَسْفِرَةٌ (M, Ḳ) and [of mult.] سُفُرٌ (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) and [of either] سَفَائِرُ. (M, Ḳ.)

سَفِيرٌ Leaves which the wind sweeps away; (M;) leaves which fall from trees (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) and which the wind sweeps away, (A,) or because the wind sweeps them away: (Ṣ:) or leaves of herbs; because the wind sweeps them away: (T, TA:) or what have fallen of the leaves of trees and of the lower portions of seed-produce. (JM.)

Also A messenger: (Ṣ:) and † a mediator; or a man who makes peace, effects a reconciliation, or adjusts a difference, between a people; (Ṣ, M, Mṣb;) as alsoسَافِرٌ↓: (Mṣb:) or a messenger who makes peace,, &c.: (T, Mgh, TA:) [see 1:] pl. of the former سُفَرَآءُ, (Ṣ, M, Mgh,) and of the latter سَفَرَةٌ. (Ḥar p. 255. [See also سِفَارَةٌ, below.])

And † A commissioned agent, a factor, or a deputy; and the like: pl. as above: app. so called because he discovers, and makes manifest, the affair in which he acts as a substitute for another person. (Mṣb.)

See also سَفَرٌ.

سُفَارَةٌ Sweepings. (Ṣ, M, Ḳ.)

سِفَارَةٌ an inf. n. of سَفَرَ in the phrase سَفَرَ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ [q. v.]. (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ.) [And hence, The office of the سَفِير (q. v.). See also De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., i. 126 and 172: and Quatremère's Hist. des Sultans Mamlouks, i. 193.]

Also The falling of one's hair from [above] his forehead. (Ṣgh, TA.)

See also سِفَارٌ.

سَافِرٌ [act. part. n. of 1:] A woman having her face uncovered: (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Ḳ:) pl. سَوَافِرُ. (TA.)

And a horse † having little flesh: (Ḳ:) or so سَافِرُ اللَّحْمِ, a phrase used by Ibn-Mukbil. (TA.)

See also سَفِيرٌ.

And see مُسَافِرٌ, in two places.

Also A writer; a scribe: (Akh, Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) in the Nabathæan language سَافِرَا: (M:) pl. سَفَرَةٌ: (Akh, Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) which is also applied to the angels who register actions. (M, Ḳ.)

مَسْفَرٌ sing. of مَسَافِرُ, (A,) which signifies The part that appears [or parts that appear] of the face. (Ṣ, A,* Ḳ.)

[Also, or مَسْفِرٌ, A place of journeying or travelling: in which sense, likewise, its pl. is مَسَافِرُ.] One says, بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهُ مَسَافِرُ بَعِيدَةٌ [Between me and him, or it, are farextending tracts to be travelled]. (A.)

مُسْفِرٌ [act. part. n. of 4, q. v.:] ‡ A face shining (A, TA) with happiness. (A.)

النَّاقَةُ المُسْفِرَةُ الحُمْرَةِ [in the CK (erroneously) الحُمْرَةُ] means † [The she-camel] that is somewhat above such as is termed صَهْبَآء [in respect of redness]. (O, Ḳ, TA.)

مِسْفَرٌ: see مِسْفَرَةٌ.

Also A man (TA) that journeys, or travels, much; (Ḳ;) and soمِسْفَارٌ↓: (A:) or that journeys, or travels, much, and is strong for journeying: (M:) and, applied to a camel, (Ṣ, M, A,) strong for journeying; (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ;) fem. with ة {مِسْفَرَةٌ}, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) applied to a she-camel, (Ṣ, M,) as alsoمِسْفَارٌ↓, thus applied. (M.)

مِسْفَرَةٌ A broom; a thing with which one sweeps; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) as alsoمِسْفَرٌ↓, andتَسْفِيرَةٌ↓, of which last, (expl. by مَا يُسْفَرُ بِهِ,) the pl. is تَسَافِيرُ. (TA.)

مُسَفِّرٌ i. q. مُجَلِّدٌ [i. e. One who binds books (أَسْفَار, pl. of سِفْرٌ), or covers them with leather]. (A, TA.)

مَسْفُورٌ Distressed, or fatigued, by journeying or travel. (TA.)

مُسَافِرٌ A man journeying, or travelling; a traveller; a wayfarer; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) as alsoسَافِرٌ↓; (M,* Ḳ;) which latter is [said to be] not a part. n., but [a possessive epithet] meaning ذُو سَفَرٍ, (M,) having no verb belonging to it (M, Ḳ) that we have seen; (M;) or it is from سَفَرَ, and signifies going forth on a journey: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) pl. of the former مُسَافِرُونَ, (Ṣ,) and of the latter سُفَّارٌ (Ṣ, M, A, Mṣb, Ḳ) and أَسْفَارٌ (M, Ḳ) and سُفَّرٌ; (TA;) and you also say قَوْمٌ سَافِرَةٌ↓ [fem. of سَافِرٌ], (Ṣ,* M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) andقَوْمٌ سَفْرٌ↓, (Ṣ, M, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) [سَفْرٌ being a quasi-pl. n.,] like صَحْبٌ in relation to صَاحِبْ: (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb:) andسَفْرٌ↓ is also used as a sing., (M, Ḳ,) being originally an inf. n. (TA.)

مُسَافِرَةٌ is used by Zuheyr as a name for A [wild] cow. (M, TA.)