Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

شَبَّ, aor. ـِ {يَشْبِبُ}, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. شَبَابٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ *) and شَبِيبَةٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ *) and شُبُوبٌ and شَبِيبٌ, (TA,) He became a youth, or young man; i. e. he attained to the state termed شَبَابٌ meaning as expl. below; (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) said of a boy. (Ṣ, Mṣb.) [And in like manner شَبَّتْ is said of a girl, i. e. She became a young woman.]

شُبَّ used as a noun: see below.

[Perhaps as an inf. n. of which the verb is شَبَّ, (as Freytag has assumed,) but more probably of شُبَّ, which will be found mentioned in this paragraph, for I do not find the former verb in the requisite sense,] شَبٌّ signifies Anything's being, or becoming, raised, or elevated. (Ḳ.)

شَبَّ said of a horse, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,)) aor. ـِ {يَشْبِبُ}, and ـُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. شِبَابٌ and شَبِيبٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and شُبُوبٌ, (Ḳ,) He was brisk, lively, or sprightly, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,*) and raised his fore legs (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) together, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) as though in leaping, (TA,) and played. (Ṣ. [See also شَبَّت in art. شبو, said of a mare.]) And likewise He was or became, restive, or refractory: one says, برِئْتُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ شِبَابِهِ and شَبِيبِهِ and عِضَاضِهِ and عَضِيضِهِ [I am irresponsible to thee for his being restive, or refractory, and for his biting]. (Ṣ.)

شَبَّتِ النَّارُ, [aor., accord. to rule, ـِ,] (Mṣb, Ḳ,) and شُبَّت [pass. of the trans. verb شَبَّ, q. v. infrà], inf. n. شُبُوبٌ (which is of the intrans., TA) and شَبٌّ (which is of the trans. verb, TA), The fire burned, burned up, burned brightly or fiercely, blazed, or flamed. (Mṣb, Ḳ. [See also 5.]) [And hence,] شَبَّتِ الحَرْبُ بَيْنَهُمْ ‡ [War, or the war, burned, or burned fiercely, between them]. (A, TA.)

شُبَّ It was raised, or elevated. (O, TA.)

شَبَّ النَّارُ, aor. ـُ {يَشْبُبُ}, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb,) inf. n. شَبٌّ (Ṣ, O, Ḳ) and شُبُوبٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or the latter is the inf. n. of the intrans. verb mentioned above, (TA,) He kindled the fire; or made it to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ;*) as alsoشبّبها↓, inf. n. تَشْبِيبٌ; (L;) andاشبّها↓: (A and TA in art. حش:) and so شَبَاهَا. (TA in art. شبو.) And in like manner, شَبَّ الحَرْبَ † He kindled war, or the war; or made it to burn, or burn fiercely. (Ṣ.)

[Hence,] شَبَّ, aor. ـُ {يَشْبُبُ}, said of the blackness of a garment, (Sh, A, TA,) ‡ It heightened and increased, (A,) or made to appear bright and beautiful, and [as it were] burning, or glowing, (Sh, TA,) the whiteness of the wearer. (Sh, A, TA.) And شَبَّ لَوْنَهَا (aor. as above, Ṣ) † It (a woman's hair) showed, [or set off,] and rendered beautiful, her colour, or complexion: (Ṣ:) it (a woman's head-covering, and her hair,) increased, and showed, [or heightened, and set off,] her beauty: (Ḳ:) it (a woman's black headcovering) increased her fairness, and rendered her beautiful. (TA.) And يَشُبُّ الوَجْهَ, said of patience, † It gives beauty and colour to the countenance. (TA, from a trad.)

See also 4, in two places.

شبّب النَّارَ, inf. n. تَشْبِيبٌ: see the preceding paragraph.

Hence, تَشْبِيبُ الشِّعْرِ ‡ The making the commencement of poetry elegant, or ornate, by the mention of women: (L, TA:) or the primary meaning of التَّشْبِيبُ is the mention of the days of youth and of play or sport, and amatory language; and it is in the commencing of odes; and the commencement thereof is so called, absolutely, though there be not in it any mention of youth: (TA:) it means النَّسِيبُ, (Ṣ, O,) or النَّسِيبُ بِالنِّسَآءِ, (Ḳ, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, التَّشَبُّبُ بالنِساءِ,]) i. e. بِذِكْرِهِنَّ: (TA:) one says, يُشَبِّبُ بِقُلَانَةَ, (Ṣ, O,) andيتشبّب↓ بِهَا [if this be not a mistranscription for يُشَبِّبُ], (TA,) meaning يَنْسِبُ بِهَا: (Ṣ, O, TA:) [see this fully expl. in art. نسب: i. e.] شبّب بِفُلَانَةَ, inf. n. تَشْبِيبٌ, means, ‡ He spoke of such a female in amatory language [in the commencement of his ode], (Mṣb, TA,) and alluded to the love of her: (Mṣb:) and شبّب قَصِيدَتَهُ † He embellished [the commencement of] his ode by the mention of women: (Mgh, Mṣb:) and شبّب قَصِيدَتَهُ بِفُلَانَةَ ‡ [He embellished the commencement of his ode by mentioning, in amatory language, such a female]: (A, TA:) andشَبَابٌ↓ is used in the sense of تَشْبِيبٌ; thus a قَصِيدَة is said to be حَسَنَةٌ الشَّبَابِ ‡ [Beautiful in the mention of women, &c.]; and Jereer is said to have been أَرَقُّ النَّاسِ شَبَابًا ‡ [The most elegant of men in the mention of women, &c.]. (A, TA.)

Hence, i. e. from تَشْبِيبٌ القَصِيدَةِ, may be derived التَّشْبِيبُ as a conventional term in the science of the division of inheritances; meaning † The mention of daughters according to the different degrees [of descent]: (Mgh:) it is as when one says, “he died, and left three daughters of a son, subordinate one to another, and three daughters of a son's son, in like manner, and three daughters of a son's son's son, in like manner, and the sons died and the daughters remained.” (O.)

تَشْبِيبُ الكُتُبِ signifies † The commencing of books, or writings: and hence شَبَّبَ يُجَاوِبُهُ, occurring in a trad., meaning † He commenced answering him: not from the تَشْبِيب of women in poetry. (TA.)

اشبّهُ ٱللّٰهُ God made him, or may God make him, to become a youth, or young man; i. e., to attain to the state termed شَبَابٌ meaning as expl. below: and اشبّ ٱللّٰهُ قَرْنَهُ means the same: (Ṣ, A, TA:) the latter [lit. means God made, or may God make, his equal in age to become a youth,, &c., (see Ḥar p. 572,) and therefore] is tropical. (A, TA.)

أَشْبَيْتُ الفَرَسَ I excited the horse to be brisk, lively, or sprightly, and to raise his fore legs together, as though in leaping, and to play. (Ṣ,* Ḳ,* TA.)

اشبّ النَّارَ: see 1.

أُشِبَّ لِىَ الرَّجُلُ, inf. n. إِشْبَابٌ; as alsoشُبَّ↓; ‡ The man appeared before my upraised eyes when not hoped for. (AZ, TA.)

And أُشِبَّ لِى كَذَا, andشُبَّ↓, ‡ Such a thing was prepared, or appointed, or ordained, for me. (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA.)

أَشَبُّ ‡ He became one whose child, or children, had attained to the state of شَبَاب [i. e. youth, or young manhood,, &c.]: (Ḳ:) [or] أَشَبَّ الرَّجُلُ بَنِينَ ‡ the man became one whose children had attained to that state: (Ṣ, TA:) and in like manner, أَشَبَّتْ أَوْلَادًا is said of a woman. (TA.)

And أَشَبَّ said of [the species of bovine antelope called] the wild bull, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) He became such as is termed شَبَبٌ [q. v.], i. e., (Ṣ,) he became advanced in age, or full-grown; (مُسِنّ, Ṣ, Ḳ;) one whose state termed إِسْنَان [q. v.] had ended. (Ṣ.)

[تَشَبَّتِ النَّارُ The fire became kindled; or made to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame: see also 1.] One says on the occasion of kindling fire,

* تَشَبَّبِى تَشَبُّبَ النَّمِيمَهْ *

* جَآءَتْ بِهَا تَمْرٌ إِلَى تَمِيمَهْ *

[Be thou kindled like the state of kindling of the calumny that Temr brought to Temeemeh: but to what this alludes I know not]: it is like the saying, أَوْقَدَ بِالنَّمِيمَةِ نَارًا [He kindled a fire with calumny]. (A, TA.)

See also 2.

إِسْتَشْبَ It is said in a trad., يَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الصِّبْيَانِ عَلَى الكِبَارِ يُسْتَثَبُّونَ [The boy's giving testimony against those that are full grown is allowable, when they (the former) are deemed to have attained to the state of youths, or young men]: it is as though it were said that if they take upon themselves the bearing witness in boyhood, and give their testimony when full grown, it is allowable: (TA:) or يُسْتَشَبُّونَ means they shall be sought youths, such as have attained to puberty, or maturity, in the case of giving testimony: or they shall be waited for, in the case of giving testimony, until the period of becoming youths, or young men. (Mgh.)

And it is said in another trad., اِسْتَشِبُّوا عَلَى أَسْوُقِكُمْ فِى البَوْلِ, i. e. Sit upon your shanks as one does when preparing to rise, not stooping with the whole body near to the ground; [having your feet only upon the ground; in the voiding of urine:] from شَبَّ الفَرَسُ meaning “the horse raised his fore-legs together from the ground.” (TA.)

شَبْشَبَ He completed [a thing]; (AA, O, Ḳ;) said of a man. (AA, TA.)

شَبٌّ, and its fem. شَبَّةٌ: see شَابٌّ.

Also The stones of زَاج [or vitriol]: (Ḳ:) or the stones from which زاج and the like thereof are obtained; the best whereof is that which is brought from El-Yemen, which is white شبّ, and is very glistening: (TA:) [but شَبٌّ يَمَانِىٌّ, as also شَبٌّ alone, is a name now commonly given to alum:] or it is a certain thing resembling زاج: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) or a species thereof: accord. to El-Fárábee, the stones from which come زاج and the like: Az says, it is one of the minerals produced by God in the earth, with which one tans, and resembling زاج, and the name [correctly] heard is thus, with ب, but is by some mistranscribed with the three-dotted ث, [i. e. شَثٌّ,] which is a kind of tree of bitter taste, and I know not whether one tans with it or not: accord. to Mṭr, in the saying that one tans with شبّ, this word is a mistranscription; for شبّ is a dye, and one does not tan with a dye; it is mistranscribed for شَثّ, which is a kind of tree like the dwarf apple-tree, whereof the leaves are like those of the خِلَاف [q. v.], and with them one tans: El-Fárábee also says, in the section of ث, that the شَثّ is a species of mountain-tree, with which one tans: from all which it appears that one tans with both of them; for an affirmation is to be preferred to a negation: (Mṣb:) and it is a well-known medicine; (Ḳ, TA;) as some say: so accord. to the correct copies of the Ḳ, in some of which, دَآءٌ is put for دَوَآءٌ. (TA.)

شُبّ and دُبّ, though originally verbs, are used as nouns, by the introduction of مِنْ before them: one says, أَعْيَيْتَنِى مِنْ شُبَّ إِلَى دُبَّ and مِنْ شُبٍّ إِلَى دُبّ Ḳ [expl. in art. دبَ]: (Ṣ:) and in like manner they are used in another saying expl. in art. دب [q. v.]: (Ṣ in that art.:) or, without tenween, they may be regarded as verbs used in the way of حِكَايَة [or imitation]. (MF.)

شَبَّةٌ The burning, burning up, burning brightly or fiercely, blazing, or flaming, of fire. (TA.)

شَبَبٌ andشَبُوبٌ↓, applied to a [bovine antelope of the species called the] wild bull, (Aṣ, Ṣ, Ḳ,) and to a sheep or goat, (Ḳ,) andمُشِبٌّ↓, applied to the former, andمِشَبٌّ↓, (Aṣ, Ṣ, Ḳ,) sometimes, applied to the former, (Aṣ, Ṣ,) or to both, (Ḳ,) Advanced in age, or full-grown, (مُسِنٌّ, Ṣ, Ḳ,) whose state termed إِسْنَان [q. v.] has ended; (Aṣ, Ṣ;) andمُشِبَّةٌ↓ is in like manner applied to a she-camel as meaning مُسِنَّةٌ: (TA:) orشبُوبٌ↓, (AA, Ḳ,) applied to both, (Ḳ,) as alsoمُشِبٌّ↓, (TA,) or to a bull, (AA,) is syn. with شابٌّ↓ [meaning youthful, or in the prime of life]: (AA, Ḳ, TA:) and accord. to AO, شَبَبٌ, applied to a bull, means that has attained to the end of شَبَاب [i. e. youthfulness, or the prime of life]: (Ṣ, TA:) or, as some say, that has attained to the end of his full growth and strength; as alsoشَبُوبٌ↓, which is likewise applied to the female; or, accord. to AḤát and ISh, when he is a year old, and weaned, he is called دَبَبٌ; and then, شَبَبٌ [meaning more than a year old]; and the female, شَبَبةٌ. (TA.)

شَبَابٌ andشَبِيبَةٌ↓ [both mentioned above as inf. ns.] (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) [andشَبَابِيَّةٌ↓ which is a simple subst.] Youth, youthfulness, the prime of manhood, or young manhood; syn. فَتَآءٌ; (Ḳ;) or حَدَاثَةٌ; contr. of شَيْبٌ: (Ṣ:) or the state from puberty to the completion of thirty years; or from sixteen years to thirty-two; after which a man is called كَهْلٌ; (TA;) the age before الكُهُولَة: (Mṣb:) or the state between thirty and forty: (Mgh:) or, accord. to Moḥammad Ibn-Ḥabeeb, the state from the seventeenth year to the completion of fifty-one years is termed شَبَابِيَّةٌ↓; the period before, from birth, being termed غُلُومِيَّةٌ; and in the period after, a man being called شَيْخٌ, until he dies. (TA.) One says,سَقَى ٱللّٰهُ عَصْرَ الشَبِيبَةِ↓ [May God freshen as with rain the times, or mornings, or afternoons, of youth,, &c.], and عُصُورَ الشَّبَائِبِ [the times,, &c., of the states of youth,, &c.]. (A, TA.)

[شَبَابٌ often signifies † The sap, or vigour, of youth or young manhood.] One says, اِسْتَحَارَ شَبَابُهَا, as in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, † The sap [or vigour] of youth (مَآءٌ الشَّبَابِ) flowed in her. (IB, TA in art. حير.) And اِمْتَلَأَ شَبَابًا † [He became full of the sap, or vigour, of youth or young manhood]. (The lexicons, &c., passim.) [But] مَآءٌ الشَّبَابِ signifies [also] ‡ The freshness, or brightness, and beauty, of youth. (Ḥar p. 340.) [Andشَبِيبَةٌ↓ app. signifies also † Youthful folly, or the like; (see an ex. voce غَمْرَةٌ;) and so, probably, does شَبَابٌ.]

[Hence,] شَبَابٌ also signifies † The first, or beginning, or the new, or recent, state, of a thing; (Ḳ, TA;) and soشَبِيبَةٌ↓. (TA.) One says, قَدِمَ فِى شَبَابِ الشَّهْرِ (A, TA) ‡ He came, or arrived, in the beginning of the month. (TA.) And لَقِيتُهُ فِى شَبَابِ النَّهَارِ (A, TA) ‡ I met him in the beginning of the day: (TA:) and جِئْتُكَ فِى شَبَابِ النَّهَارِ and بِشَبَابِ النَّهَارِ † I came to thee in the beginning of the day: (Lḥ, TA:) or شَبَابُ النَّهَارِ means the period when the sun has risen high, when one fifth of the day has passed. (A in art. رأد.) And one says also فَعَلَ ذٰلِكَ فِى شَبِيبَتِهِ↓ He did that at the commencement thereof. (TA.)

See also شَابٌّ

And see 2.

شِبَابٌ: see شَبَّ {1}, in three places.

Also A horse whose hind feet pass beyond his fore feet; (Ḳ;) which is a fault: accord. to Th, such is termed شَبِيبٌ↓: IM says that the correct word is شَئِيتٌ: [but] see this in its proper place. (TA.)

Also A thing with which a fire is kindled, or made to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) and soشِبَابٌ↓. (Ḳ.)

And [hence, as alsoشِبَابٌ↓,] ‡ A thing that serves [as a foil] for beautifying, or setting off, (Ḳ,) [or making to appear bright and beautiful,] or for increasing, or enhancing, and strengthening, [or heightening, in beauty,] (Ṣ, TA,) to another thing. (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA.) So in the saying, هٰذَا شَبُوبٌ لِكَذَا ‡ This is a thing that serves for increasing, or enhancing, [or heightening, in beauty,] to such a thing. (Ṣ, TA.) One says of a woman's headcovering, هُوَ شَبُوبٌ لِوَجْهِهَا ‡ [It is a thing that serves for giving an appearance of additional brightness and beauty to her face]. (A.)

عَسَلٌ شَبَابِىٌّ Honey of Shebábeh (شَبَابَة); (A, TA;) or, of Benoo-Shebábeh, (Mgh,) a people of Et-Táïf, (A, Mgh, TA,) of [the tribe of] Khath'am, who possessed bees, and hence it was thus called. (Mgh.)

شَبَّذَا زَيْدٌ i. q. حَبَّذَا [q. v. in art. حب]. (Th, TA.)

شَابٌّ part. n. of شَبَّ said of a boy; (Mṣb;) [Youthful, or in the prime of manhood; a youth, or a young man;] in the state from puberty to the completion of thirty years; or from sixteen years to thirty-two; after which a man is called كَهْلٌ; (TA;) in the age before الكُهُولَة: (Mṣb:) or in the state between thirty and forty: (Mgh:) [or in the state from the seventeenth year to the completion of fifty-one years: (see شَبَابٌ:)] and IAạr mentions شَبٌّ↓ as an epithet applied to a man [in the same sense as شَابٌّ]: (TA:) a female is termed شَابَّةٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) andشَبَّةٌ↓; both signifying the same: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) the pl. of شَابٌّ is شُبَّانٌ (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and شَبَبَةٌ (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) andشَبَابٌ↓, (Ṣ, A,* Ḳ,) or the last is an inf. n. used as an epithet applied to a pl. number, (Mgh, and Ḥam p. 50,) or it is a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) females, (Mṣb,) or women, (Ḳ,) are termed شَوَابٌّ (Mṣb, Ḳ) and شَبَائِبُ, (Ḳ,) the latter said by AZ to be allowable in the sense of the former, (TA,) which is pl. of شَابَّةٌ, (Mṣb,) شَبَائِبُ, accord. to Az, being pl. (not of شَابَّةٌ but) of شَبَّةٌ, like as ضَرَائِرُ is of ضَرَّةٌ: (TA:) the dim. of شَابَّةٌ is شُوَيْبَّةٌ↓, and some of the Arabs say شُوَابَّةٌ↓, changing the ى into ا before a double letter [as in دُوَابَّةٌ for دُوَيْبَّةٌ]. (ISd, L in art. هد.) One says, مَرَرْتُ بِرِجَالٍ شَبَبَة Ḳ meaning شُبَّانٍ [i. e. I passed by men that were youths, or persons in the prime of manhood]. (Ṣ.)

See also شَبَبٌ.

شَوْشَبٌ The scorpion. (IAạr, Ḳ.)

And The louse; syn. قَمْلٌ: (Ḳ in this art.:) or the ant; syn. نَمْلٌ: (Ḳ in art. ششب:) fem. [or perhaps n. un.] with ة. (TA.)

مُشِبٌّ and its fem. with ة {مُشِبَّةٌ}: see شَبَبٌ, in three places.

Also the former, A lion: (Ḳ:) or a full-grown lion: syn. أَسَدٌ كَبِيرٌ. (TA.)

مُشَبَّبٌ الأَظَافِرِ [or rather الأَظَافِيرِ, pl. of the pl. أَظْفَارٌ or of أُظْفُورٌ,] ‡ Having sharp-pointed nails or talons or claws; as though they flamed, by reason of their sharpness. (A, TA.)

مَشْبُوبٌ [pass. part. n. of 1]. You say نَارٌ مَشْبُوبَةٌ A fire kindled, or made to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame: شَابَّةٌ in this sense is not allowable. (Ḳ.)

[Hence,] applied to a man, (A, TA,) ‡ Comely, (Ṣ, TA,) of goodly countenance; (A, TA;) as though lighted up: bright, or fair, in complexion, and of goodly countenance; as though his countenance were lighted up with fire: pl. مَشَابِيبُ. (TA.) And ‡ A man of acute mind. (TA.) And طَلَعَتِ المَشْبُوبَتَانِ الزُّهَرَتَانِ [or الزَّهْرَاوَانِ?] ‡ Venus and Jupiter, so called on account of their beauty and splendour, rose. (A, TA.)