Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

شَرِكَهُ فِيهِ, aor. ـَ {يَشْرَكُ}, inf. n. شِرْكَةٌ (Ṣ, Mgh,* Mṣb, Ḳ) and شَرِكَةٌ, the former a contraction of the latter, but the more usual, (Mṣb,) and شِرْكٌ (Mgh, Mṣb) and شَرِكٌ, the former of these two a contraction of the latter, but the more usual, (Mṣb,) or شِرْكٌ [q. v. infrà] is a simple subst., (Ṣ, Ḳ,) [He shared, participated, or partook, with him in it;] he was, or became, a شَرِيك [or copartner, &c.] to him in it; (Mṣb;) namely, a sale or purchase, and an inheritance, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or an affair; (Mṣb;) andشاركهُ↓ فيه [signifies the same]. (Mgh, Mṣb,* Ḳ.* [It is said in the TA, after the mention of شَرِكَهُ with its inf. n. شِرْكَةٌ, that it is more chaste than اشركهُ↓; by which it is implied that this latter is sometimes used as syn. with the former; for which I do not find any express authority.]) And He entered with him into it; [or engaged with him in it;] namely, an affair. (TA.)

شَرِكَتِ النَّعْلُ, aor. ـَ {يَشْرَكُ}, The sandal had its شِرَاك broken; (Ibn-Buzurj, Ḳ;) inf. n. شَرَكٌ. (TḲ.)

see 4.

[The inf. n.] تَشْرِيكٌ also signifies The selling a part [or share] of what one has purchased for that for which it was purchased. (Mgh, Ḳ.)

شرّك النَّعْلَ, (Ṣ,* Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَشْرِيكٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) He put a شِرَاك to the sandal; (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoأَشْرَكَهَا↓, (Ṣ, TA,) inf. n. إِشْرَاكٌ. (TA.)

شَارَكْتُ فُلَانًا, (Ṣ, TA,) inf. n. مُشَارَكَةٌ, (TḲ,) [I shared, participated, or partook, with such a one;] I was, or became, the شَرِيك [or copartner, &c.] of such a one. (Ṣ, TA.) El-Jaadee says,

* وَشَارَكْنَا قُرَيْشًا فِى تُقَاهَا *

*وَفِى أَحْسَابِهَا شِرْكَ↓ العِنَانِ *

[And we shared with Kureysh in their piety and in their several grounds of pretension to respect, with a sharing exclusive of other properties]. (Ṣ.) See also 1. [And see 8.]

أَشْرَكْتُهُ فِى الأَمْرِ I made him a شَرِيك [or copartner, &c.] to me in the affair: andشَرَّكْتُ↓ بَيْنَهُمْ فِى المَالِ [I made them copartners in the property; and شَرَّكَهُمْ, occurring in this art. in the TA, on the authority of Esh-Sháfiʼee, means, in like manner, he made them copartners; and أَشْرَكَ بَيْنَهُمْ is used in this sense in the present art. in the Ḳ]. (Mṣb.) وَأَشْرِكْهُ فِى أَمْرِى, in the Ḳur [xx. 33], means And make Thou him my شَرِيك [or copartner, or associate, or colleague,] in my affair. (Ṣ.) And one says also, اشركهُ مَعَهُ فِى الأَمْرِ He made him to enter [or engage] with him in the affair: and اشرك فُلَانًا فِى البَيْعِ He made such a one to enter [or share] with him in the sale or purchase. (TA.)

[Hence,] اشرك بِٱللّٰهِ He attributed to God a شَرِيك [or copartner, &c.] (Mgh, TA) in his dominion: (TA:) [or he attributed to God شُرَكَآء i. e. copartners, &c., such as the angels and the devils: (see Ḳur vi. 100, &c., and any of the expositions thereof:) i. e. he believed in a duality, or a plurality, of gods:] and [in a wider sense,] he disbelieved [or misbelieved] in God: syn. كَفَرَ: (Ṣ,* Mṣb, Ḳ, TA:) used in this latter sense because الكُفْرُ is not free from some kind of شِرْك. (Kull p. 49.)

See also 1:

and 2.

اشتركوا andتشاركوا↓, (Mgh, Mṣb,) and اشتركا andتشاركا↓, (Ḳ,) and اشتركنا andتشاركنا↓, (Ṣ,) [They, and they two, and we, shared, participated, or partook, one with another, and each with the other; or were, or became, copartners,, &c.;] فِى كَذَا [in such a thing]. (Ṣ.)

[Hence,] الاِشْتِرَاكُ in lexicology signifies The being homonymous; lit. the being shared, or participated, in by several meanings: [used as a subst., homonymy:] (Mz, 25th نوع; and Intr. to the TA:) one says of a noun [or word] that is termed مُشْتَرَكٌ [q. v.], تَشْتَرِكُ فِيهِ مَعَانٍ كَثِيرَةٌ [Many meanings share, or participate, in it]. (TA.)

And اشترك الأَمْرُ † The affair, or case, was, or became, confused, and dubious. (TA.)

شِرْكٌ is an inf. n. of شَرِكَهُ, as mentioned in the first sentence of this art.: (Mgh, Mṣb:) or a subst. therefrom: (Ṣ:) and is syn. withشِرْكَةٌ↓, [signifying A sharing, participating or participation, partaking, or copartnership, and mentioned before as an inf. n.,] (Ḳ,) as also areشَرِكٌ↓ andشَرِكَةٌ↓, [likewise mentioned before as inf. ns.,] andشَرْكٌ↓ andشَرْكَةٌ↓, (MF, TA,) and so is شُرْكَةٌ↓, with damm, (Ḳ,) this last said by MF to be unknown, but it is common in Syria, almost to the exclusion of the other dial. vars. mentioned above. (TA.) An ex. of the first occurs in a trad, of Mo'ádh, أَجَازَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ اليَمَنِ الشِّرْكَ, meaning [He allowed, among the people of El-Yemen,] the sharing, one with another, (الاِشْتِرَاك,) in land [and app. its produce], by its owner giving it to another for the half [app. of its produce], or the third, or the like thereof: and a similar ex. of the same word occurs in another trad. (TA.) See also an ex. in a verse cited above, conj. 3. And one says, رَغِبْنَا فِى شِرْكِكُمْ, meaning We are desirous of sharing with you in affinity, or relationship by marriage. (Ḳ,* TA.)

And A share: (Mgh, O, Mṣb, TA:) as in the saying, بِيعَ شِرْكٌ مِنْ دَارِهِ [A share of his house was sold]: (Mgh:) and as in the saying, أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِى عَبْدٍ [He emancipated a share belonging to him in a slave]: (Mṣb:) pl. أَشْرَاكٌ. (O, Mṣb, TA.) [See a verse of Lebeed cited voce زَعَامَةٌ.]

It is also a subst. from أَشْرَكَ بِٱللّٰهِ; (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA;) thus in the Ḳur xxxi. 12; (Mgh, TA;) meaning The attribution of a شَرِيك [or copartner, &c., or of شُرَكَآء i. e. copartners, &c., (see 4,)] to God: (Mgh:) [so that it may be rendered belief in a plurality of gods:] and [in a wider sense,] unbelief [or misbelief]; syn. كُفْرٌ. (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA.) And it is also expl. as meaning Hypocrisy: (Mgh, TA:) so in the saying of the Prophet, إِنَّ أَخْوَفَ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَى أُمَّتِى الشِّرْكُ [Verily the most fearful of what I fear for my people is hypocrisy]: (Mgh:) and so in the trad., الشِّرْكُ أَخْفَى فِى أُمَّتِى مِنْ دَبِيبِ النَّمْلِ [Hypocrisy is more latent in my people than the creeping of ants]. (IAth, TA.)

See also شَرِيكٌ, in two places.

شَرَكٌ The حِبَالَة [properly a sing., meaning snare, but here app. used as a gen. n., meaning snares, as will be seen from what follows,] of the صَائِد [i. e. sportsman, or catcher of game, or wild animals, or birds]; one of which is called شَرَكَةٌ↓: (Ṣ, O:) the meaning of the شَرَك of the صَائِد is well known; and the pl. is أَشْرَاكٌ; like سَبَبٌ and أَسْبَابٌ: or, as some say, شَرَكٌ is the pl. ofشَرَكَةٌ↓, [or rather is a coll. gen. n. of which شَرَكَةٌ↓ is the n. un.,] like قَصَبٌ and قَصَبَةٌ: (Mṣb:) [i. e.,] شَرَكٌ signifies the حَبَائِل [or snares, or by this may perhaps be meant the cords composing a snare, for حَبَائِلُ is an anomalous pl. of حَبْلٌ,] for catching wild animals or the like; and what is, or are, set up for [catching] birds: (Ḳ, TA:) one whereof is said to be called شَرَكَةٌ↓ [a term used in the Ḳ, in art. شبك, as the explanation of شَبَكَةٌ, which means a net]: (TA:) and the pl. of شَرَكٌ is شُرُكٌ, with two dammehs, which is extr. [with respect to analogy, like فُلُكٌ pl. of فَلَكٌ]. (Ḳ.) Hence the trad., أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ الشَّيْطَانِ وَشَرَكِهِ, meaning حَبَائِلِهِ وَمَصَايِدِهِ [i. e. I seek protection by Thee from the mischief of the Devil, and his snares]. (TA.)

شَرَكُ الطَّرِيقِ means The main and middle parts of the road; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) syn. جَوَادُّهُ: or the tracks that are [conspicuous and distinct,] not obscure to one nor blended together: (Ḳ:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of شَرَكَةٌ↓: (Ṣ:) or the أَنْسَاع of the road; (Aṣ, TA;) i. e. the furrows of the road, made by the beasts with their legs [or feet] in its surface, a شَرَكَة↓ here and another by the side of it: (TA:) or أَشْرَاكٌ [is its pl., and] signifies the small tracks that branch off from the main road and then stop, or terminate. (Sh, TA.) [See أُسٌّ.]

شِرْكَةٌ: see شِرْكٌ, first sentence.

Also A piece of flesh-meat; of the dial. of El-Yemen; originally, of a slaughtered camel, in which people share, one with another. (TA.)

شُرَكِىٌّ and شُرَّكِىٌّ A quick, or swift, pace: (Ḳ:) so says ISd. (TA.) And لَطْمٌ شُرَكِىٌّ A quick and consecutive slapping, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) like the camel's slapping when a thorn has entered his foot and he beats the ground with it with a consecutive beating. (Ṣ,* O.) Ows Ibn-Hajar says,

* وَمَا أَنَ إِلَّا مُسْتَعِدٌّ كَمَا تَرَى *

* أَخُو شُرَكِىِّ الوِرْدِ غَيْرُ مُعَتِّمِ *

[And I am none other than one who is ready, as thou seest; one in the habit of quick and consecutive coming to water; not one who is dilatory]: i. e., one coming to water time after time, consecutively: he means, I will do to thee what thou dislikest, not delaying to do that. (Ṣ.)

شِرَاكٌ The thong, or strap, of the sandal, (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) that is on the face thereof, (TA,) upon the back [meaning upper side] of the foot, (Mgh, Mṣb,) [extending from the thong, or strap, that passes between two of the toes, towards the ankle, and having two arms (its عَضُدَانِ), which are attached to the أُذُنَانِ (q. v.), or pass through these and unite behind the foot: see also خِزَامَةٌ, and فَرَصَهُ, whence it appears to mean also each arm, and the two arms, of the شِرَاك properly so called: and see خِزَامَةٌ, where it appears to be used as meaning a thong or strap, absolutely:] the شِرَاك of the sandal is well known: (O:) pl. شُرُكٌ, (O, Ḳ, TA,) and accord. to the Ḳ أَشْرُكٌ also, but this is a mistake. (TA.) To this is likened, in a trad., the shadow at the base of a wall, on the eastern side thereof, when very small [or narrow], showing that the sun has begun to decline from the meridian. (Mgh, Mṣb,)

[Hence,] † A streak of herbage: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) pl. شُرُكٌ, (Ṣ, O, TA,) expl. by AḤn as meaning herbage in streaks; not continuous. (TA.) One says, الكَلَأُ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ شُرُكٌ † The herbage among the sons of such a one is composed of streaks. (Aboo-Naṣr, Ṣ, O.)

[In the Ḳ voce بَنَقَ it is used as meaning † A row of shoots, or offsets, cut from palm-trees and planted, such as are termed, when planted, مُبَنَّقٌ and مُنَبَّقٌ.]

[Hence,] one says, مَضَوْا عَلَى شِرَاكٍ وَاحِدٍ ‡ [They went away in one uniform line or manner]. (TA.) And اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ شِرَاكًا وَاحِدًا † Make thou the affair, or case, [uniform, or] one uniform thing. (Fr, TA in art. بأج.)

شَرِيكٌ act. part. n. of شَرِكَةٌ; (Mgh;) i. q.مُشَارِكٌ↓ [A sharer, participator, partaker, or partner, with another; a copartner, an associate, or a colleague, of another]; (Ḳ;) andشِرْكٌ↓ signifies the same: (Az, Ḳ, TA:) a sharer in what is not divided: (Ḳ and TḲ in art. خلط:) or a sharer in the rights of a thing that is sold: (Mgh in that art.:) pl. شُرَكَآءُ and أَشْرَاكٌ, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) like شُرَفَآءُ and أَشْرَافٌ pls. of شَرِيفٌ; (Ṣ, O, TA;) or the latter is pl. ofشِرْكٌ↓: (Az, TA:) a woman is termed شَرِيكَةٌ; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) which is applied to a man's جَارَة [i. e. wife, or object of love]; (TA;) and the pl. of this is شَرَائِكُ. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.) Az mentions his having heard one of the Arabs say, فُلَانٌ شَرِيكُ فُلَانٍ meaning Such a one is married to the daughter, or to the sister, of such a one; what people call the خَتَن [of such a one]. (TA.)

مُشْرِكٌ andمُشْرِكِىٌّ↓, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) like as one says دَوٌّ and دَوِّىٌّ, and قَعْسَرٌ and قَعْسَرِىٌّ, (Ṣ, O,) One who attributes to God a شَرِيك [or copartner, &c., or شُرَكَآء i. e. copartners, &c. (see 4)]: (O:) [i. e. a believer in a duality, or a plurality, of gods:] and [in a wider sense,] a disbeliever [or misbeliever] in God. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.) Abu-l-ʼAbbás explains [the pl.] مُشْرِكُونَ in the Ḳur xvi. 102 as meaning Those who are مشركون by their obeying the Devil; by their worshipping God and worshipping with Him the Devil. (TA.)

[In one place, in the CK, the former word is erroneously put for مُشْتَرَكٌ, q. v., last sentence.]

الفَرِيضَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ, (O, Ḳ, TA,) or المَسْأَلَةُ المَشَرَّكَةُ, (Mṣb,) for المُشَرَّكُ فِيهَا, (Mṣb, TA,) is That [assigned portion of inheritance, or the question relating thereto (المَسْأَلَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ being for مَسْأَلَةُ الفَرِيضَةِ المُشَرَّكَةِ),] in which the brothers by the mother's side [only] and those by [both] the father's and the mother's sides are made to share together; (O, Mṣb,* Ḳ, TA;) also called المُشَرِّكَةُ↓ [that makes to share], tropically; (Mṣb;) and called alsoالمُشْتَرَكَةُ↓ [for المُشْتَرَكُ فِيهَا i. e. that is shared in]: (Lth, Ḳ, TA:) this is the case of a husband and a mother and brothers by the mother's side and brothers by the father's and mother's sides: (O, Ḳ, TA:) for the wife is half; and for the mother, a sixth; and for the brothers by the mother's side, a third, and the brothers by the father's and mother's sides share with them: (O, TA:) ʼOmar decided in a case of this kind by assigning the third to two brothers by the mother's side, and not assigning anything to the brothers by the father's and mother's sides; whereupon they said, يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ هَبْ أَنَّ أَبَانَا كَانَ حِمَارًا فَأَشْرِكْنَا بِقَرَابَةِ أُمَّنَا [O Prince of the Believers, suppose that our father was an ass, and make us to share by reason of the relationship of our mother]: so he made them to share together (فَأَشْرَكَ بَيْنَهُمْ [thus in the O and Ḳ, but correctly فَشَرَّكَ بينهم, or, as afterwards in the TA, فَشَرَّكَهُمْ]): (O, Ḳ, TA:) therefore it (i. e. the فَرِيضَة, TA) was called مُشَرَّكَة [and مُشَرِّكَة] and مُشْتَرَكَة, [in the CK, erroneously, مُشْرَكَة,] and also حِمَارِيَّة: (Ḳ, TA:) and it is also called حَجَرِيَّة, because it is related that they said, هَبْ أَنَّ أَبَانَا كَانَ حَجَرًا مُلْقًى فِى اليَمِّ [suppose that our father was a stone thrown into the sea]; and [therefore] some called it يَمِّيَّة: and it was called also عُمَرِيَّة. (TA. [More is there added, explaining different decisions of this case.])

مُشَارِكٌ: see شَرِيكٌ.

رِيحٌ مُشَارِكٌ means A wind to which the نَكْبَآء [q. v.] is nearer than the two winds between which this blows. (Ḳ.)

مُشْتَرَكٌ, applied to a road (طَرِيق, Mgh, Mṣb, TA), is for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ, (Mṣb,) meaning [Shared in: or] in which the people are equal [sharers]. (TA.)

Hence, الأَجِيرُ المُشْتَرَكُ [in my copy of the Mgh, erroneously, المُشْتَرِكُ,] The hired man [that is shared in; i. e.,] whose work no one has for himself exclusively of others, but who works for every one who repairs to him for work, like the tailor in the sitting-places of the markets; (Mṣb;) or who works for whom he pleases: as to أَجِيرُ المُشْتَرَكِ, it is not right, unless the word thus governed in the gen. case be expl. as an inf. n. (Mgh.)

See also الفَرِيضَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ, above.

اِسْمٌ مُشْتَرَكٌ [in like manner for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ A noun shared in by several meanings; i. e. a homonym;] a noun shared in by many meanings, such as عَيْنٌ and the like: (Mz, 25th نوع; and TA in the present art. and in the Intr.:) or مُشْتَرَكٌ signifies a word having two, or more, meanings; and is applied to a noun, and to the pret. of a verb as denoting predication and prayer, and to the aor. as denoting the present and the future, and to a particle: (Mz ubi suprà:) [مُشْتَرَكٌ used as a subst., meaning a homonym, has for its pl. مُشْتَرَكَاتٌ.]

[الحِسُّ المُشْتَرَكُ, for المُشْتَرَكُ فِيهِ, signifies, in the conventional language of the philosophers, The faculty of fancy; so called because “participated in” by the five senses: but it is vulgarly used as meaning common sense.]

مُشْتَرَكٌ applied to a man, [for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ,] means † Talking to himself, like him who is affected with anxiety; (Aṣ, Ṣ, Ḳ, TA; [in the CK, erroneously, مُشْرِكٌ;]) his judgment being shared in; not one. (TA.)