Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

شَفَّ, aor. ـِ {يَشْفِفُ}, inf. n. شُفُوفٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) and شَفِيفٌ (Ṣ, O, Ḳ) and شَفَفٌ, (CK, [but not in my MṢ. copy of the Ḳ nor in the TA,]) It (a garment, or piece of cloth,) was thin, fine, or delicate, (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) so that what was behind it was visible, (Ṣ,* IB, Mgh, [for خَلَقَهُ in some copies of the Ṣ, and خَلْفَهُ in others, I read مَا خَلْفَهُ, which is the right reading accord. to IB and the TA, agreeably with the reading in the Mgh, which is مَا وَرَآءَهُ,]) or so as to tell what was beneath it: (O, Ḳ:) [and it, (a gem, or the like,) was translucent: or was transparent. (See شَفَّافٌ.)] One says, شَفَّ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبُهُ His garment was thin,, &c., upon him. (Ṣ.)

And شَفَّ جِسْمُهُ,, aor. ـِ {يَشْفِفُ}, inf. n. شُفُوفٌ, His body became lean, or emaciated. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.)

شَفَّ, aor. ـِ {يَشْفِفُ}, inf. n. شِفٌّ, It (a thing, O, Mṣb) exceeded; or was, or became, redundant. (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ.) Hence, in a trad., شَفَّ نَحْوًا مِنْ دَانِقٍ It exceeded by about a دانق. (Sh, O.) And one says, شَفَّ عَلَيْه, aor. يَشُفُّ, [so in the L and TA, contr. to rule, probably a mistranscription for يَشِفُّ,] inf. n. شُفُوفٌ; andشفّف↓, andاستشفّ↓; [app. meaning, as seems to be indicated by the context, It exceeded it:] and شَفِفْتُ فِى السِّلْعَةِ [app. a mistranscription for شَفَفْتُ] I gained in, or upon, the the article of merchandise: (TA: [and so, app.,شَفَّفْتُ↓: see شَفَّى:]) andاستشفّ↓ فى تِجَارَتِهِ [He obtained what is termed شِفٌّ in his traffic; i. e.] he made gain, or profit, in his traffic; syn. رَبِحَ. (Ṣ and Ḳ in art. ربح.)

And sometimes (Mṣb) it signifies also the contr.; i. e. It fell short; or was, or became, deficient. (Mṣb, Ḳ.) One says, (O, Mṣb,) of a dirhem, (O,) هٰذَا يَشِفُّ قَلِيلًا This falls short, or is deficient, a little. (O, Mṣb.) And شَفَّ عَنْهُ الثَّوْبُ, aor. ـِ {يَشْفِفُ}, The garment was too short for him. (TA.)

Also شَفَّ, (O, Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَشْفِفُ}, (O,) It (a thing, O) was, or became, in a state of motion, commotion, or agitation. (O, Ḳ.)

And شَفَّ لَكَ الشَّىْءُ i. q. دَامَ and ثَبَتَ [app. meaning The thing belonged, or pertained, to thee permanently, or constantly; or may the thing belong,, &c.]. (TA.)

شَفَّهُ, (Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَشْفُفُ}, inf. n. شَفٌّ (Ṣ, M, TA) and شُفُوفٌ, (M, TA,) It (anxiety) rendered him lean, or emaciated; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) as alsoشَفْشَفَهُ↓; (Ṣ;) both are also expl. as meaning it rendered him lean, or lank in the belly, so that he became slender: (TA:) or, accord. to the M, it (grief, and love,) pained his heart: or rendered him lean, or emaciated: or deprived him of his reason: and it is said of grief as meaning it manifested what he felt of impatience. (TA.) And شَفَّ النُّفُوسَ, as used in a verse of Towbeh Ibn-El-Homeiyir, It hurt and melted the souls. (Ḥam p. 594.)

See also 8, in two places.

أَشْفَفْتُهُمْ I preferred them, or judged them to excel. (Ḳ.) You say, أَشْفَفْتُ بَعْضَ وَلَدِى عَلَى بَعْضٍ I preferred some of my children above some. (Ṣ. [And the like is said in the Mgh.]) And أَشْفَفْتُ هٰذَا عَلَى هٰذَا I preferred this above this. (Mṣb.)

And اشفّ فُلَانٌ الدِّرْهَمَ Such a one made the dirhem to exceed: or, made it to fall short. (TA.)

أَشَفَّ عَلَيْهِ [if not a mistranscription for أُشِفَّ, which I rather think it to be,] He excelled him, or surpassed him. (TA.)

أَشَفَّ الفَمُ The mouth had in it a fetid odour. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA.)

تَشَافَفْتُهُ I took away his or its, شِفّ, i. e. excess, or redundance. (O, Ḳ.)

See also the next paragraph {8}, in three places.

اشتفّ مَا فِى الإِنَآءِ (Ṣ, O, Ḳ) كُلَّهُ (Ḳ) He drank what was in the vessel, all of it, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) even the شُفَافَة [or last drop or remains], (O,) not leaving any of it remaining; (Ṣ;) [and so اِجْتَفَّ;] as alsoتشافّ↓: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) andاستشفّ↓ المَآءَ He drank the water to the uttermost, not leaving any of it remaining; as alsoشَفَّهُ↓, aor. ـُ {يَشْفُفُ}, inf. n. شَفٌّ: andشَفَفْتُ↓ المَآءَ I drank much of the water without having my thirst satisfied. (TA.) [Hence,] in the trad. of Umm-Zarạ, وَإِنْ شَرِبَ ٱشْتَفَّ [And if he drank, he drank up all that was in the vessel]. (Ṣ, O.) And it is said in a prov., لَيْسَ الرِّىُّ عَنِ التَّشَافِّ↓ (Ṣ, O, TA) i. e. The satisfying of thirst is not from the drinking up all that is in the vessel; for it is sometimes effected by less than this: (O, TA:) it is applied in forbidding one's going to the utmost in an affair, and persevering therein. (Ṣ,* O, TA.) Accord. to IAạr, one says also تَشَافَيْتُ المَآءَ I exhausted the water; which, ISd says, is originallyتَشَافَفتُ↓. (TA.)

'Abd-Allah Ibn-Sebreh El-Harashee uses the first of these verbs metaphorically in relation to death; saying,

* سَاقَيْتُهُ المَوْتَ حَتَّى ٱشْتَفَّ آخِرَهُ *

meaning ‡ [I vied with him in giving the draught of death] until he drank the last of it, i. e., the last of death. (TA.)

And اشتفّ البَعِيرُ الحِزَامَ كُلَّهُ means The camel filled, and took up wholly, the girth, (O, Ḳ, TA,) so that nothing remained of it redundant, by reason of the largeness of the middle of his body. (TA.)

استشفّهُ, (O, Ḳ,) or استشفّ مَا وَرَآءَهُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) He saw what was behind it. (O, Mṣb, Ḳ.) [Thus the former signifies He saw through it: and it is used in this sense both properly and tropically.]

Hence the saying to the seller of cloths, اِسْتَشِفَّ هٰذَا الثَّوْبَ, [which may be rendered Look thou through this garment, or piece of cloth; but is expl. as] meaning make thou this garment, or piece of cloth, single, [by unfolding it,] and raise it, or hold it up, in shade, in order that I may see whether it be close in texture or flimsy. (TA.)

استشفّ also signifies [agreeably with the explanation of استشفّ مَا وَرَآءَهُ mentioned above] † He distinguished a thing plainly, like as one distinguishes plainly a thing behind glass. (Ḥar p. 244.)

And one says, كَتَبْتُ كِتَابًا فَٱسْتَشَفَّهُ, meaning † [I wrote a letter, or writing,, &c., and] he examined attentively what was in it. (TA.)

See also 8.

And see 1, in two places.

[Freytag mentions as a signification of استشفّ “Desiderio alicujus rei implevit;” with الى before the object: but he names no authority for this; and I doubt its correctness.]

شَفْشَفَهُ: see 1, latter part.

Also, accord. to IAạr, (O, TA,) inf. n. شَفْشَفَةٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) It (heat, and cold,) dried it up; namely, a thing, (O, Ḳ, TA,) such as herbage, (O, TA,), &c. (TA.) And accord. to AA, الشَّفْشَفَةُ signifies The hoar-frost's burning [meaning blasting] the herbage of the earth: or the burning of a medicament that is sprinkled upon a wound: (O:) or it has the former of these two meanings, and signifies also the sprinkling of a medicament upon a wound. (Ḳ. [But I think that, for وَذَرُّ الدَّوَآءِ in the Ḳ, we should read وَذَرِّ الدَّوَآءِ, and thus reconcile the Ḳ in this case with the O: see, however, what next follows; which may be regarded either as confirming the reading in the Ḳ, or as having misled its author, in this instance.])

الشَّفْشَفَةُ signifies also The sprinkling of urine and the like. (Ḳ.) You say, شَفْشَفَ بِبَوْلِهِ He sprinkled his urine. (O.)

Also The trembling, and the being confused (الاِخْتِلَاطُ), (O, Ḳ, TA,) resulting from intense jealousy. (TA. [See مُشَفْشَفٌ.])

And شَفْشَفَ عَلَيْهِ He was solicitously affectionate, or pitiful or compassionate, towards him, (TA. [See, again, مُشَفْشَفٌ.])

تَشَفْشَفَ, said of herbage, It began to dry up. (TA.)

شَفٌّ A thin, fine, or delicate, garment or piece of cloth; (AZ, Ṣ, Mgh, O,* Mṣb, Ḳ;*) as alsoشِفٌّ↓ (AZ, Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) andشَفِيفٌ↓: (Mṣb:) you say ثَوْبٌ شَفٌّ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb) andشِفٌّ↓ (Ṣ, Mṣb) andشَفِيفٌ↓. (Mṣb:) [see also شَفَّافٌ:] and the garment, or piece of cloth, itself, is termed شَفٌّ andشِفٌّ↓: (Ḥar p. 70:) [i. e. each of these words is also used as a subst.; and this is perhaps meant in the O and Ḳ: or] شَفٌّ signifies also a certain thin, fine, or delicate, veil or covering: or, accord. to Aboo-Naṣr, a certain thin, fine, or delicate, veil or covering, of wool, through which one sees what is behind it: (Ṣ:) pl. شُفُوفٌ. (O, Mṣb, Ḳ.) Among the verses of “the Book” [of Sb, cited as exs. therein], is the following:

* لَلُبْسُ عَبَآءَةٍ وَتَقَرُّ عَيْنِى *

* أَحَبُّ إِلَىَّ مِنْ لُبْسِ الشُّفُوفِ *

[Verily the wearing of a woollen cloak, my eye being therewithal unheated by tears, is more pleasing to me than the wearing of thin, fine, or delicate, garments]. (O.)

See also شِفٌّ.

شفّ [app. شَفٌّ] also signifies Pimples, or small pustules, that come forth and then go away. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA.)

شِفٌّ: see شَفٌّ, in three places.

Also, (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Ḳ,) andشَفٌّ↓, (L, Ḳ,) but the former is that which is well known, (L, TA,) andشَفِيفٌ↓, (TA,) Gain, or profit; increase obtained in traffic: and excess, surplus, or redundance: syn. رِبْحٌ [q. v.]: and فَضْلٌ; (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Ḳ;) and زِيَادَةٌ. (Mgh, TA.) Hence (Mgh) نَهَى عَنْ شِفِّ مَا لَم يُضْمَنْ, meaning [He (the Prophet, TA) forbade] the رِبْح [i. e. gain, or profit, of that for which one has not made himself responsible to the purchaser]. (O, Mgh.) And one says, لِهٰذَا عَلَى هٰذَا شِفّق [There is, or pertains, to this, an excess above this]. (Ksh in ii. 15.) And قَالَ قَوْلًا شِفًّا He said a saying that was a redundance. (TA.)

And A deficiency: thus having two contr. meanings. (ISk and Ṣ and O in explanation of the first word, Ḳ in explanation of the first and second words, and TA in explanation of all.)

Also, the first word, i. q. مَهْنَأٌ: one says to a person when regarding him with a wish for the like of a thing that he has attained, or that he possesses, without desiring that it should pass away from him, شِفٌّ لَكَ يَا فُلَانُ [May it be an unalloyed gratification to thee, O such a one]. (TA.)

And A thing that is little, or small, in quantity; mean, or paltry. (TA.) [See also شَفِيفٌ, last signification.]

شَفَفٌ: see شَفِيفٌ, last signification.

Also i. q. خِفَّةٌ [Lightness,, &c.]. (TA.)

And sometimes it signifies Evilness, or narrowness of the circumstances, (رِقَّة,) of one's state, or condition. (TA.)

شَفِيفٌ: see شَفٌّ, in two places:

and see شِفٌّ.

Also Cold, as a subst.; (ISk, Ṣ, O, Mṣb;) thus in the saying, وَجَدَ فِى أَسْنَانِهِ شَفِيفًا [He felt, or experienced, in his teeth, cold]; (Ṣ, O;) and soشَفَّانٌ↓: (ISk, Mṣb:) or, as some say, (O,) the hurting, or paining, (لَذْع, [in the CK لَدْغ,]) of cold: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) and intense cold, with rain and wind; and شِفَافٌ is its pl.: (TA:) or intense cold [alone]: (Mṣb:) or a cold wind in which is moisture: (O:) andشَفَّانٌ↓ signifies the cold of a wind in which is moisture: (Ṣ:) or شَفِيفٌ has this last signification; andشَفَّانٌ↓, the signification next preceding it: one says,أَلْجَأَهُ شَفَّانٌ↓ لَهَا شَفِيفٌ A cold and moist wind, having [much] cold and moisture, made him to betake himself to a covert: (IDrd, IF, Mṣb:) or شَفِيفٌ signifies rain and hail: (O:) or so شَفَّانٌ↓; [or rain and cold: for برد is written in my original without any syll. sign;] wherefore some of the lawyers say that it is rain and more: (Mṣb:) or شَفِيفٌ signifies also rain in which is hail: (Ḳ, TA:) or rain in which is cold: (CK:) or a cold wind; (Ḳ;) as alsoشَفْشَافٌ↓: (O, Ḳ:) or this last signifies a wind of mild cold: (Ṣ, TA:) andشَفَّانٌ↓, cold and wind: (O, Ḳ:) one says, غَدَاةٌ ذَاتُ شَفَّانٍ a morning having cold and wind (Ṣ,* O, Ḳ) with moisture. (Ṣ.)

And Intense heat (IDrd, Es-Sarakustee, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) of the sun: (IDrd, O, Ḳ:) thus having two contr. significations. (Ḳ.)

And Pain in the stomach. (Aboo-Saʼeed, O.)

[Also Affected with pain: or with hurt, or grief. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]

Also Small, or little, in number, quantity, or amount; and soشَفَفٌ↓. (O, Ḳ.) [See also شِفٌّ, last signification.]

شُفَافَةٌ A portion of water remaining in a vessel; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) and likewise, of milk: (TA:) or the last drop remaining in a vessel: (Ḥam p. 239:) IAth says that some of the later writers mention it as being with س. (TA.) Dhu-rRummeh uses the phraseشُفَافَ↓ الشَّفَا, in a verse, as meaning In the remaining portion of the day. (O.)

شَفَّافٌ Extremely [or very] thin or fine or delicate, so that a thing behind it is visible: (KL:) [translucent:] transparent: applied to a gem, or the like; and to a garment, or piece of cloth. (TA.) [See also شَفٌّ.]

شَفْشَافٌ A garment, or piece of cloth, not well or strongly or compactly [woven or] made. (O, Ḳ.)

See also شَفِيفٌ.

شَفَاشِفُ Vehement thirst. (O, Ḳ.)

أَشَفُّ [a noun denoting excess]. It is said in a trad. of Ráfi', فَكَانَ الخَلْخَالُ أَشَفَّ مِنْهَا قَلِيلًا, meaning [And the anklet, or pair of anklets, was] more than they [in value or weight]; (syn. أَفْضَل and أَزْيَد;) i. e. more [in value or weight] than the dirhems. (Mgh.) And one says, فُلَانٌ أَشَفُّ مِنْ فُلَانٍ, meaning Such a one is a little greater, or older, (أَكْبَرُ قَلِيلًا,) than such a one. (TA.)

مَشْفُوفٌ is said by Ibn-Buzurj to be like مَجْفُوفٌ [part. n. of جَفَّهُ; i. e. Collected; or collected together and taken away]. (TA.)

مُشَفْشَفٌ (O, Ḳ) andمُشَفْشِفٌ↓, (Ḳ,) the latter on the authority of IAạr, (TA,) Slender, shallow, or weak, in intellect, and evil in disposition. (O, Ḳ.) And [both words agreeably with different explanations of the verb] One in whom is, (Ḳ,) or, accord. to Saạd, one who is as though there were in him, (O,) a trembling, and confusion, (O, Ḳ,) resulting from jealousy, (Ḳ,) or from vehement jealousy, (O,) and solicitous affection, or pity or compassion, for his حُرَم [or wives, or women under covert, and household, (in the CK his حَرَم,)] as though jealousy wasted his heart, and made him lank and lean: or evil in disposition, and very jealous: and↓ the latter word, solicitously affectionate; or pitying, or compassionating. (TA.)