Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـُ {يَشْنُقُ} (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ) and ـِ {يَشْنِقُ}, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. شَنْقٌ, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb,) He curbed the camel by means of his زِمَام [or nose-rein], (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or pulled the خِطَام [or halter, or leadingrope,] of the camel, (M,) while riding him, (Ṣ, M,) in the direction of his [own] head, (M,) so as to make the prominences behind his [the camel's] ears cleave to the upright piece of wood rising from the fore part of the saddle: (M, Ḳ:) or he raised the camel's head (M, Mṣb, Ḳ) by pulling his زِمَام, (M, Mṣb,) while riding him, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) like as the rider of the horse does with his horse: (Mṣb:) andاشنقهُ↓ signifies the same: (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ:) orاشنق↓ is intrans.; you say, شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ andاشنق↓ هُوَ, the reverse of the usual rule; (IJ, M;) or the latter is intrans. also; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) signifying he (the camel) raised his head. (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ.*)

Hence, شَنَقْتُهَا, occurring in a trad., referring to a female hare, inf. n. as above, means, as implying restraint, I cast, or shot, at her, or I struck her, so as to render her incapable of motion. (O.)

And شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ, or النَّاقَةَ, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (M,) He bound the he-camel, or the she-camel, with the شِنَاق [q. v.]. (M, Ḳ.)

And شَنَقَ رَأْسَ الدَّابَّةِ, (M,) or رَأْسَ الفَرَسِ, (Ḳ,) ‡ He bound (M, Ḳ) the head of the beast, (M,) or the head of the horse, (Ḳ,) to the upper part of a tree, (M,) or to the head of a tree, or to a tree, (accord. to different copies of the Ḳ,) or to a peg, (M,) or to an elevated peg, (Ḳ,) so that his neck became extended and erect. (M, TA.)

And شَنَقَ القِرْبَةَ, (IDrd, O, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَشْنُقُ}, (IDrd, O,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) † He bound the mouth of the water-skin with the bond called وِكَآء, and then bound the extremity of its وِكَآء to its fore legs: (IDrd, O, Ḳ, TA: [in the CK, أَوْكَأَها is erroneously put for أَوْكَاهَا, or, as in some copies of the Ḳ, وَكَاهَا:]) or he suspended it: and [in like manner]اشنق↓ القِرْبَةَ, inf. n. as above, he suspended the water-skin to a peg: (TA:) or the latter signifies he put a شِنَاق to the water-skin: (M:) or he bound the water-skin with a شِنَاق, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) i. e. a cord with which its mouth is bound. (Ṣ.)

[Hence شَنَقَهُ, as used in the present day, and in post-classical works, meaning † He hanged him by the neck, till he died: (see the pass. part. n., below:) whence مِشْنَقَةٌ↓, meaning A gallows; pl. مَشَانِقُ.]

شَنَقَ الخَلِيَّةَ, (M, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَشْنُقُ}, inf. n. شَنْقٌ; (M;) andشنّقها↓, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَشْنِيقٌ; (TA;) He put a piece of wood, which is called شَنِيقٌ↓, (M, Ḳ,) pared for the purpose, (M,) into the hive, and with it raised a portion of the honey-comb in the width of the hive, (M, Ḳ,*) having fixed the شينق beneath it; and sometimes two portions of the honey-comb, and three: (M: [accord. to which one says also, شَنَقَ فِى الخَلِيَّةِ القُرْصَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ:]) this is done only when the bees are rearing their young ones. (M, Ḳ.*)

Accord. to Aboo-Saʼeed,أَشْنَقْتُ↓ الشَّىْءَ and شَنَقْتُهُ signify the same: (TA: [in which the meaning is not expl.; but it is immediately added, app. to indicate the meaning here intended;]) El-Mutanakhkhil El-Hudhalee says, describing a bow and arrows,

* شَنَقْتُ بِهَا مَعَابِلَ مُرْهَفَاتٍ *

i. e. I put its string into [the notches of] arrows [broad and long in the heads, made sharp or pointed]. (O,* TA.)

شَنِقَ, (M, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَشْنَقُ}; (Ḳ;) and شَنَقَ, (M, Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَشْنِقُ}; (Ḳ;) He loved a thing, and became attached to it; (M, Ḳ, TA;) said of a man: (TA:) and شَنِقَ, inf. n. شَنَقٌ, is said of a man's heart, (O, TA,) meaning as above: (O:) or شَنَقٌ signifies the heart's yearning towards, or longing for, or desiring, a thing. (Mṣb.)

شَنَقٌ also signifies The being long: (M:) or the being long in the head, (JK, Ṣ, TA,) as though it were stretched upwards: (TA:) one says of a horse, شَنِقَ inf. n. شَنَقٌ, meaning He was long in the head. (JK.)

شَنَقُ المَرْأَةِ, signifies اِسْتِنَانُهَا مِنَ الشَّحْمِ [app. meaning The woman's becoming sleek, like مَسَانّ (or whetstones) by reason of fat: see اِسْتَنَّتِ الفِصَالُ, in art. سن]: and the epithet applied to her is شَنِقَةٌ↓, pl. شَنِقَاتٌ. (JK, Ibn-ʼAbbád, O, TA.)

شنّق الخَلِيَّةَ, inf. n. تَشْنِيقٌ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

تَشْنِيقٌ also signifies The cutting [a thing] in pieces. (O, Ḳ. [See the pass. part. n.])

And The adorning [a person or thing]. (Ḳ. [See 5.])

See also the next paragraph {3}, near the end.

شانقهُ, inf. n. مُشَانَقَةٌ and شِنَاقٌ, He mixed his cattle with his [i. e. another's] cattle: (Ḳ, TA:) this is when [contributions to the poor-rate such as are termed] أَشْنَاق [pl. of شَنَقٌ] are incumbent on a man, or two men, or three, when their cattle are separate, and one says to another, شَانِقْنِى, i. e. Mix thou my cattle and thy cattle; for if they are separate, a شَنَق will be obligatory, or incumbent, on each of us; and if they are mixed, the case will be light to us: so the شِنَاق signifies the sharing in the شَنَق or in the شَنَقَانِ. (L, TA.) [See also what follows in this paragraph: and see شَنَقٌ.] One says alsoلَا تَشَانَقُوا↓ [for لَا تَتَشَانَقُوا] Ye shall not put together what are separate [of cattle]; التَّشَانُقُ being syn. with المُشَانَقَةُ. (TA.)

شِنَاقٌ signifies also The taking somewhat from the شَنَق: and hence the trad., لَا شِنَاقَ: (Ḳ, TA:) this means There shall not be taken from the شَنَق [any contribution to the poorrate] unless it is complete [in number]: (A' Obeyd, Ṣ, TA:) the شَنَق being, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (AʼObeyd, TA:) Aboo-Saʼeed Ed-Dareer says, up to nine; and up to fourteen: but this is pronounced in the L to be wrong: (TA:) [Mṭr also says,] it means there shall not be taken aught of what exceed five, up to nine, for example: or, accord. to Aboo-Saʼeed Ed-Dareer, it is like the mixing; but this requires consideration: (Mgh:) Aboo-Saʼeed says that لَا شِنَاقَ means a man shall not adjoin (لَا يُشْنِقُ↓ [thus written here and thus expl. in the TA]) his sheep or goats, and his camels, to the sheep or goats [and the camels] of another person, in order to annul what is obligatory, or incumbent, on him, of the poor-rate: this is [for instance] in the case in which each of them has forty sheep or goats; so that it is incumbent on them to give two sheep or goats; but when one of them adjoins (فَإِذَا شَنَّقَ↓ أَحَدُهُمَا [thus in this instance in the TA, perhaps a mistranscription for أَشْنَقَ,]) his sheep or goats to those of another, and the collector of the poorrate finds them in his [the latter's] possession, he takes from them one sheep or goat. (TA.)

اشنق: see 1, in five places.

إِشْنَاقٌ [as inf. n. of أُشْنِقَ, from أَشْنَقَ القِرْبَةَ expl. in the first paragraph,] also signifies The having the hand attached to the neck by means of a غُلّ [q. v.]. (AA, TA.)

See also 3, in the latter half.

Accord. to IAạr, (O, TA,) اشنق also signifies He took (O, Ḳ, TA) the شَنَق, i. e., (O, TA,) the [fine termed] أَرْش: (O, Ḳ, TA:) or it was, or became, obligatory, or incumbent, on him to give the أَرْش; thus having two contr. meanings [assigned to it]: (Ḳ:) or it signifies also, accord. to IAạr, it was, or became, obligatory on him to give what is termed a شَنَق; and this is the case until his camels amount to five and twenty, when what is due of them is [a she-camed such as is termed] اِبْنَة مَخَاض. (O.) A man of the Arabs said, مِنَّا مَنْ يُشْنِقُ, which may mean Of us is he who gives the شُنُق, i. e. cords, pl. of شِنَاقٌ: or it may mean, who gives the شَنَق, i. e. أَرْش. (O.)

اشنق عَلَيْهِ He exalted himself above him; domineered over him; or oppressed him. (O, Ḳ.)

تشنّق He adorned himself; or was, or became, adorned: (JK, O:) and he clad himself with garments. (JK.)

شَنَقٌ What is between one فَرِيضَة and the next فَرِيضَة, (AʼObeyd, Ṣ, M, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) [meaning a number that is between two other numbers whereof each imposes the obligation of giving a due termed فَرِيضَة,] of camels, and of sheep or goats, (M, TA,) in relation to the poorrate: (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ, TA:) so called because nothing is taken therefrom; so that it is adjoined (أُشْنِقَ i. e. أَضِيفَ) to that [number] which is next to it [of the numbers below it]: (JK:) accord. to some, it is syn. with وَقَصٌ; (Mgh, Mṣb;) but some say that it relates peculiarly to camels; (M, Mgh, Mṣb;) and وَقَصٌ, to bulls and cows: (Mgh, Mṣb:) used in relation to sheep or goats, it is what is between forty and a hundred and twenty; and in like manner as to other numbers [that impose the obligation of giving a فريضة]: (K, TA:) Aḥmad Ibn-Hambal is related to have said that the شَنَق is what is above the فريضة, absolutely; as, for instance, what is above forty sheep or goats: (TA: [I here render the word دُونَ “above,” though it also means “below,” because nothing is due from sheep or goats fewer than forty:]) as AʼObeyd says, it is, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (O,* TA: [see also 3:]) Ks states, on the authority of some one or more of the Arabs, that it is up to twenty-five; and says that it is what does pot impose the obligation of the فريضة; meaning what is between five and twenty-five: (Fr, TA:) [but it is also expl. as applied to the due itself that is to be contributed to the poorrates for certain numbers of camels: thus] Aboo-ʼAmr Esh-Sheybánee says, the شَنَق for five camels is a sheep or goat; for ten, two sheep or goats; for fifteen three sheep or goats; and for twenty, four sheep or goats; the term شَنَقٌ being applied alike to the sheep or goat, and to the two sheep or goats, and to the three sheep or goats, and to the four sheep or goats; what exceeds this last being termed فَرِيضَةٌ: (TA:) or, in the case of the poor-rate, the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is a sheep or goat for five camels; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is a بِنْت مَخَاض for five and twenty: (O, Ḳ:) the pl. of شَنَقٌ is أَشْنَاقٌ (M, Mṣb, TA) and شِنَاقٌ. (M.)

Also What is above the bloodwit (مَا دُونَ الدِّيَةِ): (Aṣ, Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) the term أَشْنَاق, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb,) pl. of شَنَقٌ, (M,) being applied to the fines, for wounds, that are sent with the complete bloodwit (Ṣ, M,* O, Mṣb) by him upon whom rests the obligation to send such; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb;) as though they were attached to the main, or greatest, fine: (Ṣ, M,* O:) and an addition, in the bloodwit, (M, Mṣb,) of five, (M,) or of six, (M, Mṣb,) or of seven, (Mṣb,) to the hundred camels [which constitute the complete bloodwit], (M, Mṣb,*) in order that it may be described as ample: (Mṣb:) [for,] as IAạr and Aṣ and El-Athram say, the man of rank or quality, when he gave [the bloodwit], used to add to it five [or more] camels, to show thereby his excellence and his generosity: (TA:) a redundancy [in the case of the bloodwit]; (O, Ḳ;) one of the explanations of the term given by Aṣ: (O:) or in the case of bloodwits (دِيَات), the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is twenty camels whereof every one is a بِنْت مَخَاض; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is twenty camels whereof every one is a جَذَعَة: (O, Ḳ:) and some say that أَشْنَاقُ الدِّيَاتِ means the sorts of bloodwits; the bloodwit for purely-unintentional homicide being a hundred camels, which those who are responsible for it undertake to give in fifths, consisting of twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة مَخَاض, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْن لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is a حِقَّة, and twenty whereof every one is a جَذَعَة; these also being termed أَشْنَاق. (TA.)

It signifies also A fine, or mulct, for a wound or the like; (O, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as, for instance, for a burn, (O, TA,) or such as a wound on the head that lays bare the bone, (Mṣb, TA,) and other wounds, (Mṣb,) and for a tooth [knocked out], and for an eye blinded, and for an arm or a hand vitiated, or rendered unsound and motionless, or stiff; and for anything short of what requires the complete bloowit: (TA:) or, as some say, a fine for that which does not render obnoxious to retaliation; as a scratch, or laceration of the skin, and the like: (M:) pl. أَشْنَاقٌ. (M, Mṣb.)

Also A burden borne on one side of a beast, equiponderant to another borne on the other side; syn. عِدْلٌ: (Ḳ, TA: [in the CK and my MṢ. copy of the Ḳ, العَدْلُ is erroneously put for العِدْل:]) الشَّنَقَانِ signifies العِدْلَان. (JK, Ibn-ʼAbbád, O, TA.*)

And A rope, or cord. (Ibn-ʼAbbád, O, Ḳ.)

And A bow-string; (O, TA;) as alsoشِنَاقٌ↓; (O, Ḳ,* TA;) so called because it is bound to the head of the bow: (O, TA:) or, accord. to Sh, a good bow-string, i. e. strong and long. (TA.) [See what follows.]

الشَّنَقُ also signifies العَمَلُ [The making a thing]: (Ḳ:) thus accord. to some in the saying of Ru-beh, describing a sportsman [and his bow],

* سَوَّى لَهَا كَبْدَآءَ تَنْزُو فِى الشَّنَقْ *

[as though meaning He prepared for it, or them, a bow such that the part whereby it was held filled the hand, springing in the making by reason of its elasticity and strength: but the word which I have written تَنْزُو, and which is thus in one place in the TA, and in another place in the same, where the verse is repeated, تَنْزُوا, is illegible in the copy of the O, and may be a mistranscription]: accord. to others, however, the last word, الشَّنَقْ, here means the bow-string. (O, TA.)

شَنِقٌ, applied to a heart, Loving intensely, or very passionately or fondly; syn. هَيْمَانُ. (M, TA.) Accord. to Lth, قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ مِشْنَاقٌ↓ signifies طَامِحٌ إِلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ [app. meaning A heart aspiring to everything]: (O, L, TA:) in the Ḳ, قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ كَكَتِفٍ مُشْتَاقٌ طَامِحٌ إِلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ; but the right reading is قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ مِشْنَاقٌ كَكَتِفٍ وَمِحْرَابٍ, and the signification as above; primarily relating to the eye. (TA.)

Applied to a man, Cautious; or fearful. (TA.)

شَنِقَةٌ, applied to a woman: see 1, last sentence.

شِنَاقٌ A rope, or cord, with which the head of a he-camel and of a she-camel is pulled: [see 1, first sentence:] pl. [of pauc.] أَشْنِقَةٌ and [of mult.] شُنُقٌ. (M, TA.)

A cord, (A' Obeyd, Ṣ, Ḳ,) or thong, (A' Obeyd, Ḳ,) with which the mouth-of a water-skin is bound, (A' Obeyd, Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ,) and that of a leathern water-bag, and which is untied in order that the water may pour forth: (A' Obeyd, TA:) or the suspensory cord of a water-skin: and any cord by which a thing is suspended. (M.)

See also شَنَقٌ, in the last quarter of the paragraph.

As an epithet, Tall: (ISh, Ṣ, Ḳ:) used alike as masc. and fem. (ISh, Ḳ) and dual (ISh) and pl., (ISh, Ḳ,) not dualized nor pluralized: (ISh:) applied to a man, (Ṣ, TA,) and to a woman, and to a he-camel, and to a she-camel: applied to a she-camel as meaning tall, and longnecked; as alsoشَنْقَآءُ↓: and to a he-camel as meaning tall and slender: (ISh, TA:) also, andمَشْنُوقٌ↓, applied to a horse as meaning tall. (T, TA.) See also أَشْنَقُ.

شَنِيقٌ One whose origin is suspected; syn. دَعِىٌّ: a poet says,

* أَنَا الدَّاخِلُ البَابَ الَّذِى لَا يَرُومُهُ *

* دَنِىْءٌ وَلَا يُدْعَى إِلَيْهِ شَنِيقُ *

[I am he who enters the door that the ignoble seeks not, and to which one whose origin is suspected is not invited]. (Ṣ.)

See also 1, latter half.

شَنِّيقٌ A man evil in disposition: (M, L:) or a self-conceited young man. (JK, Ibn-ʼAbbád, O, Ḳ.) And شَنِّيقَةٌ, like سِكِّينَةٌ, [in some copies of the Ḳ شَنِيقَةٌ, like سَكِينَةٌ,] A woman talking, or conversing, or who talks, or converses, in an amorous and enticing manner. (JK, Ibn-ʼAbbád, O, Ḳ.)

شِنِقْنَاقٌ a name for A calamity or misfortune (دَاهِيَة): (Ibn-ʼAbbád, O, Ḳ:*) or, as some say, a name of The chiefs of the Jinn, or Genii: (Ibn-ʼAbbád, O:) or also a certain chief of the Jinn. (Ḳ.)

أَشْنَقُ Long; applied to a neck. (M.) And, as alsoمَشْنُوقٌ↓, Long in the head; applied to a horse and to a camel; and so شَنْقَآءُ [the fem. of the former] andشِنَاقٌ↓ applied to the female. (M.) For the fem., see also شِنَاقٌ.

[The fem.] شَنْقَآءُ signifies [also] A female bird that feeds her young ones with her bill, ejecting the food into their mouths. (O, Ḳ.)

مُشَنَّقٌ Flesh-meat (Ks, Ṣ) cut in pieces: (Ks, Ṣ, Ḳ:) applied to flesh-meat, (M,) it is from the أَشْنَاق [pl. of شَنَقٌ] of the دِيَة [or bloodwit]. (Ks, Ṣ, M.)

And Dough cut into pieces, and prepared with oil of olives: (El-Umawee, Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) or dough cut into lumps, or pieces, upon the table, before it is spread out; also called فَرَزْدَقٌ and عَجَاجِيرُ. (IAạr, TA.)

مَشْنُوقٌ [as pass. part. n. of شَنَقَ means Curbed by means of his nose-rein,, &c.]

[And] † Hanged: one says, قُتِلَ مَشْنُوقًا † He was put to death [by being] hanged. (TA.)

See also شِنَاقٌ: and أَشْنَقُ.