Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

شَهَرَهُ, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَشْهَرُ}, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. شَهْرٌ and شُهْرَةٌ; (Ṣ;) andشهّرهُ↓, (Ṣ, A, O, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَشْهِيرٌ; (Ṣ;) andاشتهرهُ↓; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) He made it apparent, conspicuous, manifest, notorious, notable, commonly known, or public: (Ṣ, O, MF:) or [it generally means] he made it apparent,, &c., as bad, evil, abominable, foul, or unseemly; he exposed it as such; or rendered it notorious in a bad sense, or infamous. (A, Ḳ.) You say, شَهَرْتُ الحَدِيثَ, inf. n. as above, I divulged the story, or discourse. (Mṣb.) Andلِفُلَانٍ فَضِيلَةٌ ٱشْتَهَرَهَا↓ النَّاسُ [Such a one has an excellent quality which the people have made commonly known]. (Ṣ.) And شَهَرْتُهُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ I rendered him conspicuous [or notorious or celebrated or renowned] among the people. (Mṣb.) And شَهَرْتُ زَيْدًا بِكَذَا andشهّرته↓ [I rendered Zeyd conspicuous, notorious, celebrated, or renowned, for such a thing]; (Mgh,* Mṣb;) [but] the latter has an intensive signification: أَشْهَرْتُهُ↓, with ا, in the sense of شَهَرْتُهُ, has not been transmitted: (Mṣb:) or is not of established authority. (Mgh.) One says also, شُهِرَ بِكَذَا, andاِشْتَهَرَ↓, [generally, but not always, in a bad sense, meaning] He was rendered, or became, notorious, or infamous, for such a thing: (A:) the latter verb being intrans. as well as trans. (TA.) And [hence one says,] اِشْتَهَرْتُ↓ فُلَانًا meaning ‡ I held such a one in light, or little, estimation, or in contempt, and exposed his vices, faults, or evil qualities or actions. (A.)

And شَهَرَ سَيْفَهُ, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَشْهَرُ}, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. شَهْرٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) He drew his sword (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA) from its scabbard: (TA:) or he drew his sword and raised it over the people; (A, Ḳ;) as alsoشهّرهُ↓. (Ḳ.)

see above {1}, in three places. [In modern Arabic, شهّر often signifies He paraded an offender as a public example; and it occurs in this sense in the Ṣ and TA in art. بلس, &c.: the offender, in this case, is generally mounted upon an ass or a camel, and often with his face towards the animal's tail.]

شاهرهُ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. مُشَاهَرَةٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and شِهَارٌ, (Ḳ,) He hired him, or took him as a hired man or hireling, for [or by] the month: (Lḥ, Ḳ:) or he made an engagement, or a contract, with him for work or the like, by the month, or month by month: (TA:) المُشَاهَرَةُ from الشَّهْرُ is like المُعَاوَمَةُ from العَامُ. (Ṣ, TA.)

see 1.

أَشْهَرْنَا, (Ṣ, Mṣb,* Ḳ,) inf. n. إِشْهَارٌ, (Mṣb,) A month passed (lit. came) over us. (Ṣ, Mṣb,* Ḳ.) And اشهر الصَّبِىُّ [The child became a month old; or] a month passed (lit. came) over the child: similar to أَحْوَلَ, (A,) or to أَحَالَ. (Mṣb.) And اشهرت الدَّارُ The house became altered, or changed, and months passed over it. (TA in art. حول.)

Also We remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, a month in a place. (ISk, Ṣ.)

And We entered upon the month, i. e., the lunar month. (Th, Ṣ.)

And اشهرت She (a woman) entered upon the month of her bringing forth. (Mṣb, Ḳ.)

اشتهر It was, or became, apparent, conspicuous, manifest, notorious, notable, commonly known, or public: (Ṣ:) or [it generally means] it was, or became, apparent,, &c., as bad, evil, abominable, foul, or unseemly; it was, or became, exposed as such, or rendered notorious in a bad sense or infamous. (A, Ḳ.) It (a story, or discourse,) became divulged, or public. (Mṣb.) اشتهر بِكَذَا: see 1.

As a trans. verb: see 1 in three places.

شَهْرٌ The new moon, when it appears: (IF, A, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) so called because of its conspicuousness. (Mgh, Mṣb.) This is the original signification. (Mgh.) [See the last sentence of this paragraph.] You say, رَأَيْتُ الشَّهْرَ, meaning I saw the new moon of the month. (Mgh.) Hence it is said in a trad., صُومُوا الشَّهْرَ, meaning Fast ye the first day of the lunar month. (Lḥ, TA.) And hence the trad., إِنَّمَا الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ, meaning The utility of watching for the new moon is on the nine and twentieth night. (L, TA.) [Or the meaning is, that the lunar month is a period of nine and twenty nights.]

Also The moon: or the moon when conspicuous, and near to being full. (Ḳ.)

And [A lunar month;] a certain well-known number of days: so called because made manifest by the moon: (ISd, Ḳ:) an arabicized word; or, as some say, Arabic; (Mṣb;) and so called because of its being manifest: (Mṣb, TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَشْهُرٌ (Mṣb, Ḳ) and [of mult.] شُهُورٌ. (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ.) The following are the modern names of the months: 1. المُحَرَّمُ [to which the epithet الحَرَامُ is often added]: 2. صَفَرٌ [to which the epithet الخَيْرُ is often added]: 3. رَبِيعٌ الأَوَّلُ: 4. رَبِيعٌ الآخِرُ [or الثَّانِى]: 5. جُمَادَى الأُولَى: 6. جُمَادَى الآخِرَةُ [or الثَّانِيَةُ]: 7. رَجَبٌ [to which is often added the epithet الأَصَمُّ, and that of الفَرْدُ]: 8. شَعْبَانُ [to which we often find the epithet المُعَظَّمُ added, and sometimes that of الشَّرِيفُ]: 9. رَمَضَانُ [to which the epithet المُبَارَكُ is appropriated]: 10. شَوَّالٌ [to which the epithet المُكَرَّمُ is frequently added]: 11. ذُو القَعْدَةِ: and 12. ذُو الحِجَّةِ: [see the second of the two tables in p. 1254:] and the following are the names by which they were called by the tribe of 'Ád, agreeably with the foregoing numeration: 1. مُؤْتَمِرٌ: 2. نَاجِرٌ: 3. خَوَّانٌ: 4. بُصَّانٌ [q. v.]: 5. رُبَّى: 6. حَنِينٌ: 7. الأَصَمُّ: 8. عَاذِلٌ: 9. نَاتِقٌ: 10. وَعْلٌ: 11. وَرْنَةُ: and 12. بُرَكٌ [or بُرَكُ?]. (Ibn-El-Kelbee, in TA, voce مُؤْتَمِرٌ. [But authors differ respecting some of these names, as will be seen in other articles.]) أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ, said, in the Ḳur [ii. 193], to be the period of the pilgrimage, for by الحَجُّ, which immediately precedes, is meant وَقْتُ الحَجِّ, (Mgh, Mṣb,) or زَمَانُ الحَجِّ, (Mṣb,) applies to Showwál and Dhul-Kaadeh and ten days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, (Mgh, Mṣb,) accord. to Aboo-Ḥaneefeh (Mgh) and most of the learned, part of Dhu-l-Hijjeh being called a month tropically, as is often done by the Arabs in similar cases, relating to time; for ex. when they say, مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُذْ يَوْمَانِ, the period of separation having been a day and a part of a day: (Mṣb:) or [and] nine days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh with the night preceding the day of the sacrifice, accord. to Esh-Sháfiʼee: (Mgh:) or [and] all Dhu-l-Hijjeh, accord. to Málik: (Mgh, Mṣb:) [in these two explanations the two months next preceding being meant to be included:] or Showwál and Dhu-l- Kaadeh and Dhu-l-Hijjeh and Moharram, accord. to Aboo-ʼAmr Esh-Shaabee. (Mṣb.)

Also † A learned man: (O, Ḳ:) [because of his celebrity:] pl. شُهُورٌ. (O, TA.)

[And accord. to the Ḳ, it signifies also The like of a nail-paring: but this is app. a mistake, perhaps originating from a mutilated transcript of what here follows:] a poet says, describing camels,

* أَبْدَأْنَ مِنْ نَجْدٍ عَلَى ثِقَةٍ *

* وَالشَّهْرُ مِثْلُ قُلَامَةِ الظُّفْرِ *

[They went forth from Nejd in a state of confidence, the new moon being like the nail-paring]. (O.)

شُهْرَةٌ a subst. from الاِشْتِهَارُ, (Mgh,) signifying The appearance, conspicuousness, manifestness, notoriousness, notableness, or publicity, of a thing: (Ṣ, O, Mṣb:) or [generally] its appearance,, &c., as bad, evil, abominable, foul, or unseemly; its notoriousness in a bad sense, or infamousness. (A, Ḳ.)

Any evil thing that exposes its author to disgrace; any disgraceful, or shameful, thing; a vice, or fault, or the like. (IAạr, O, TA.)

A dress of the most excellent or superb kind; and one of the vilest or meanest kind: both of which are forbidden. (Mgh.)

[It is also used in the sense of مَشْهُورٌ.] One says, جَعَلَهُ شُهْرَةً ‡ [He rendered him notorious, either in a bad or in a good sense]. (A.) And صَارَ شُهْرَةً, (Ḳ in art. دول,) i. e. مَشْهُورًا † [He became notorious,, &c.]; said of a man. (TḲ in that art.)

A برذون [or hackney] between the رَمَكَة [or mare of mean breed] and the horse of generous breed: one says, لَمْ يَرْكَبِ الشِّهْرِيَّةَ and الشَّهَارِىَ [He did not ride hackneys of the sort above mentioned]: (A:) or شِهْرِيَّةٌ signifies بَرَاذِين [or hackneys]; and its pl. is شَهَارٍ: (Mgh:) or a sort of بَرَاذِين [or hackneys]; (Lth, O, Ḳ;) a horse of which the dam is Arabian but not the sire. (Lth, O.)

شَهِيرٌ: see مَشْهُورٌ.

شَهِيرَةٌ A woman, and a she-ass, broad (O, Ḳ) and bulky. (O.)

[أَشْهَرُ More, and most, apparent, conspicuous, manifest, notorious,, &c.; better, and best, known.]

[Hence, الأَشْهَرَانِ The drum and the banner. (Gol., from Meyd.)]

أَشَاهِرُ [in the CK اَشاهِيرُ] The whiteness of the narcissus. (Ḳ, TA.)

مُشْهِرٌ A child a month old. (O, TA.)

مَشْهُورٌ Of known place or station; (Ḳ;) well known; well spoken of; celebrated; held in repute; reputable; notable; eminent; (O, Ḳ, TA;) applied to a man; (O, TA;) as alsoشَهِيرٌ↓, (O, Ḳ, TA,) and [in an intensive sense] مُشَهَّرٌ↓. (TA.) [And Anything apparent, conspicuous, manifest, notorious, notable, commonly known, or public: lit. rendered apparent, &c. Applied to a word or phrase or meaning, Commonly known or obtaining or received; well known; or held in repute. Hence عَلَى المَشْهُورِ According to common, or well-known, usage; or according to common repute.]