Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

صَدَعَهُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَصْدَعُ}, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. صَدْعٌ, (Ṣ,* Mṣb, Ḳ,*) He clave, split, slit, or cracked, it [i. e. a hard thing, such as a glass vessel, and a wall, and the like of these; (see صَدْعٌ below;) or so generally]; syn. شَقَّهُ; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoصدّعهُ↓, [but app. in an intensive sense, or relating to a number of objects,] inf. n. تَصْدِيعٌ: (TA:) or so as to divide it in halves: or so that it did not separate. (Ḳ.)

[Hence,] one says, صَدَعَهُ صَدْعَ الرِّدَآءِ [He slit it, or rent it, as with the slitting, or rending, of the garment called رداء]. (TA.)

And صَدَعَ الفَلَاةَ ‡ He traversed, or crossed, the desert; [as though he clave it;] (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA;) and in like manner, النَّهْرَ the river. (TA.) And هٰذَا الطَّرِيقُ يَصْدَعُ فِى أَرْضِ كَذَا وَكَذَا † [This road extends through such and such a land]. (TA.) And صَدَعَ اللَّيْلَ, inf. n. as above, ‡ He journeyed during [or through] the night. (IḲṭṭ, TA.)

صَدْعٌ also signifies The act of separating, or dispersing, or scattering; (Mṣb;) and soتَصْدِيعٌ↓; (Ṣ, O;) syn. تَفْرِيقٌ [with which each is probably syn. in other, but similar, senses]. (Ṣ, O, Mṣb.) One says, صَدَعَ الشَّىْءَ He, or it, separated, or dispersed, or scattered, the thing. (TA.) And صَدَعْتُ القَوْمَ, inf. n. صَدْعٌ, † I separated, or dispersed, or scattered, the people, or party. (Mṣb.) And صَدَعَتْهُمُ النَّوَى means [in like manner] فَرَّقَتْهُم [i. e. ‡ The place that was the object of the journey separated them from their homes, &c.]; and soصَدَّعَتْهُم↓; whence التَّصْدَاعُ [as an inf. n., like التَّصْدِيعُ]. (TA.) And صَدَعْتُ الغَنَمَ صِدْعَتَيْنِ † I separated, or divided, the sheep, or the goats, into two flocks or herds. (Ṣ, TA.)

[And hence,] صَدَعْتُ الشَّىْءَ † I made the thing distinct [as though separate from others], apparent, manifest, evident, clear, or plain: whence the saying of Aboo-Dhu-eyb in a verse cited in art. فيض, conj. 4. (Ṣ.)

And صَدَعَ بِالحَقِّ ‡ He spoke the truth openly, or aloud, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) distinguishing, or discriminating, between it and falsehood: and thus Kh has expl. the verb as used in the verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb above referred to. (TA.) And صَدَعَ بِالأَمْرِ, (Ḳ, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) † He made known the affair, or case, by speaking of it. (Ḳ, TA.)

فَٱصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ, in the Ḳur [xv. 94], means † Therefore cleave thou, or divide thou, their congregation, [app. by separating the believers from the unbelievers, with that wherewith thou art charged, (بِهِ being understood after تؤمر,) i. e.,] with the declaration of the unity [of God]: (IAạr, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or † distinguish thou therewith between the truth and falsehood: (AO, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or † dispense thou among them in their collective state [that wherewith thou art charged, i. e.] the announcement [of the unity, &c.]: (TA:) or † reveal thou, or make manifest, (Fr, Zj, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) that with which thou art charged, (Zj, Mṣb, TA,) and fear not any one, (Zj, TA,) or the ordinance, i. e., (Fr, TA,) thy religion; (Fr, Ṣ, TA;) ما [with what follows it] being held by Fr, who thus explains the phrase, to occupy the place of an inf. n., namely, الأَمْر: (TA:) or † utter thou openly, or aloud, (O, Ḳ, TA,) that with which thou art charged, meaning, accord. to Ibn-Mujáhid, (TA,) the Ḳur-án: (O, Ḳ, TA:) in the R it is said to be from الصَّدِيعُ meaning “the daybreak;” ignorance being likened to the darkness of night, and the Ḳur-án to light that cleaves that darkness: (TA:) or † order thou, or ordain, or decree, [that with which thou art charged, i. e.,] the truth: and † decide thou according to the ordinance [prescribed to thee]: (O, Ḳ, TA:) or ‡ direct thy course by that [revelation] with [the preaching of] which thou art charged: (O, Ḳ, TA:) so says Th, on the authority of an Arab of the desert; accord. to whom, (O, TA,)

صَدَعَ فُلَانًا signifies ‡ He directed his course to such a one because of his generosity. (Th, O, Ḳ, TA.)

صَدَعَ بِالأَمْرِ, (Ḳ, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) also signifies † He hit, or attained, with the affair, its proper place [or object]. (Ḳ, TA.)

And صَدَعْتُ إِلَى الشَّىْءِ, (AZ, Ṣ, Ḳ,) aor. as above, (AZ, Ṣ,) inf. n. صُدُوعٌ, † I inclined to the thing. (AZ, Ṣ, Ḳ.*)

And صَدَعَهُ عَنْهُ † He, or it, turned him away from him, or it. (Ḳ.) One says, مَا صَدَعَكَ عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ † What turned thee away from this affair? (Ṣ, O, TA:) and some say, ما صَدَغَكَ, with the pointed غ, which is better. (O, TA.)

See also the next paragraph {2}.

And see صَادِعٌ, last sentence.

see 1, in three places.

[Freytag adds two other explanations of صدّع: namely, “Immisit,” followed by an accus. and فى; taken by inference from the Ḥam p. 196, l. 12 from the bottom: and “Rupit, perdidit;” from Reiske's additions to Golius: but both of these require consideration.]

[صدّعهُ also signifies † It affected him with headache; as though it made his head to split.] One says, صَدَّعَنِى أَزِيزُ الرَّحَى † [The sounding of the mill-stone affected me with headache]. (A and TA in art. از.) And صُدِّعَ, inf. n. تَصْدِيعٌ, † He (a man, Ṣ) was, or became, affected with صُدَاع [or headache]; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ; [see the Ḳur lvi. 19;]) andصُدِعَ↓ [without teshdeed], pass. part. n. مَصْدُوعٌ↓, is allowable in poetry. (O, Ḳ.)

تصدّع, of which اِصَّدَّعَ is a var.: (O, Ḳ:) see 7, in four places.

Also It became separated, or dispersed, or scattered. (Ḳ.) One says, تصدّع القَوْمُ ‡ The people, or party, became separated, or dispersed, or scattered. (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA.) And تصدّعوا عَنِّى † They became separated,, &c., from me. (TA.) يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصَّدَّعُونَ, in the Ḳur [xxx. 42], means On that day they shall become separated into two parties, a party in Paradise and a party in Hell. (Zj, O, TA.) And one says, تصدّع السَّحَابُ † The clouds became [scattered, or] dissundered. (TA.) And تَصَدَّعَتِ الأَرْضُ بِفُلَانٍ † Such a one, fleeing, became concealed in the earth or land [as though it became cloven with him]. (O, Ḳ, and Ḥam pp. 136 and 418.)

تصدّع لَهُ: see تصدّأ, in art. صدأ.

انصدع [generally said of a hard thing, such as a glass vessel, and a wall, and the like of these, (see 1, first sentence,)] It became cloven, split, slit, or cracked; or, in an intrans. sense, it clave, split, slit, or cracked; syn. اِنْشَقَّ: (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ:) [or so as to become divided in halves: or so that it did not separate: (see again 1, first sentence:)] as alsoتصدّع↓ [but app. in an intensive sense, meaning it became cloven, &c., or it clave, &c., much, or in several places]. (O, Ḳ.) One says,تَصَدَّعَتِ↓ البَيْضَةُ وَلَمْ تَتَفَلَّقْ [The egg cracked, or rather cracked in several places, but did not split apart]. (AZ, Ṣ in art. قيض.) Andتصدّع↓ الثَّوْبُ The garment, or piece of cloth, became slit or rent, or much slit or rent; i. q. اِنْصَاحَ. (Mṣb in art. صيح.) And انصدعت الأَرْضُ بِالنَّبَاتِ The earth clave with, or became cloven by, the plants, or herbage; as alsoتصدّعت↓. (TA.) And انصدع الصُّبْحُ † The dawn broke; like انفجر, and انفلق, and انفطر. (TA.)

صَدْعٌ [originally an inf. n.] A cleft, split, slit, or crack, (Lth, Ṣ, O, Ḳ, TA,) [generally] in a hard thing, (Lth, O, Ḳ, TA,) such as a glass vessel, and a wall, and the like of these: pl. صُدُوعٌ. (TA.) Hassán says, satirizing El-Hárith Ibn-'Owf El-Murree,

* وَأَمَانَةُ المُرِّىِّ حَيْثُ لَقِيتَهُ *

* مِثْلُ الزُّجَاجَةِ صَدْعُهَا لَمْ يُجْبَرِ *

[And the fidelity of the Murree, where (meaning wherever) thou meetest him, is like the glass vessel, of which the crack is not repaired]. (O, TA.)

And A part, or portion, separated, of a thing, (O, Ḳ, TA,) of sheep or goats, and the like: (TA:) an inf. n. used as a subst. [properly thus termed]: (O, Ḳ, TA:) like خَلْقٌ in the sense of مَخْلُوقٌ, &c. (O, TA.)

And The plants of the earth; (Ḳ;) because they cleave it: (TA:) [i. e.] the plants from over which the earth cleaves: so in the phrase وَٱلْأَرْضِ ذَاتِ ٱلصَّدْعِ, in the Ḳur lxxxvi. 12: (Bḍ:) or this phrase means And the earth which is cloven by the plants (Th, Bḍ, TA) and by the springs. (Bḍ.)

And i. q. إِلْبٌ: (TA:) you say, النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدْعٌ وَاحِد, (Ḳ, TA,) and إِلْبٌ وَاحِدٌ [or أَلْبٌ وَاحِدٌ], (TA,) The people are one company combined in hostility against them: (Ḳ, TA:) and in like manner وَعْلٌ واحد and ضِلَعٌ واحد: so says AZ. (TA.)

And A man light of flesh; and soصَدَعٌ↓, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) sometimes: (Ṣ:) or of middling stature, light of flesh: (Ks, TA:) like the mountain-goat thus termed. (TA.)

See also صَدَعٌ.

صِدْعٌ The half of a thing that is cloven, or split, or slit, in halves. (Ḳ,* TA. [See also صِدْعَةٌ.]) You say, صَدَعَ الشَّىْءَ صِدْعَيْنِ He clave, or split, or slit, the thing in halves. (TA.)

And † A company of men. (Ibn-ʼAbbád, O, Ḳ.)

And † A woman who makes a division in the state of a people and does not repair it. (Ibn-ʼAbbád, O, TA.)

صَدَعٌ andصَدْعٌ↓, (Ḳ,) or the former only, (Ṣ,) applied to a mountain-goat, and a gazelle, and an ass, [app. a wild ass,] (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and a camel, (Ḳ,) Of a middling size, neither great nor small, but between the two: (Ṣ:) or youthful and strong: [see also صَدِيعٌ:] or [in the CK “and”] the former word signifies a thing of any sort between two things; between tall and short, and youthful and advanced in age, and fat and lean, and great and small. (Ḳ.)

For the former word as applied to a man: see صَدْعٌ.

Also, thus applied Penetrating, sharp, or effective, in his affair. (TA.)

[It is said that] صَدَعٌ signifies also The صَدَأ [i. e. rust] of iron. (Ḳ.) [But this seems to be a mistake, which has arisen from what here follows.] It is said that [a certain person called] El-Uskuff [which generally means “the bishop”], being asked by ʼOmar respecting the Khaleefehs, designated [him who was afterwards] the fourth of them [ʼAlee] as صَدَعٌ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ, meaning [lit.] thereby A mountain-goat of iron; using it as a hyperbolical appellation to denote his might and courage and endurance and hardness: or the phrase, as some relate it, is صَدَأٌ حَديدٌ [which may be rendered, “light or active in body” (a meaning assigned to صَدَأٌ and صَدَعٌ, the latter of which is said to be in this sense the original), and “sharp”]; or صَدَأُ حَدِيدٍ [i. e. “rust of iron,” app. alluding to his frequent and long-continued wearing of mail and bearing of weapons]; which last is thought by Aṣ to be most probably correct. (O,* TA.)

صِدْعَةٌ The half of a thing that is cloven, split, or slit, in halves; as alsoصَدِيعٌ↓. (Ḳ. [See also صِدْعٌ.])

And A [herd such as is termed] صِرْمَة of camels; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) and soصَدِيعٌ↓: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:*) or, accord. to AZ, a herd of camels amounting to sixty. (O, TA.) And A separate flock, or herd, of sheep or goats; as alsoصَدِيعٌ↓: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) or, as some say, of these also, amounting to sixty: and it is said to signify also a herd of gazelles: (TA:) andصَدِيعٌ↓ signifies also a herd of oxen [probably meaning wild oxen]. (O, TA.)

One says also, عَلَيْهِ صِدْعَةٌ مِنْ مَالٍ i. e. [On him lies a debt of] a small amount of property. (TA.)

صَدَعَاتٌ ‡ [Divisions in opinion, &c.]. One says, بَيْنَهُمْ صَدَعَاتٌ فِى الرَّأْىِ وَالهَوَى ‡ Between them is division [in opinion and affection; or rather between them are divisions, &c.]. (O, Ḳ, TA.) And أَصْلِحُوا مَا فِيكُمْ مِنَ الصَّدَعَاتِ ‡ [Repair ye the divisions that are among you;] i. e. become ye in a state of unity. (O, TA.) And إِنَّهُمْ عَلَى مَا فِيهِمْ مِنَ الصَّدَعَاتِ أَلِبَّآءُ كِرَامٌ ‡ [Verily they, notwithstanding the divisions that are among them, are intelligent and generous]. (TA.) [It is stated in the TA, among the additions to the Ḳ in this art., that one says also,إِنَّهُمْ عَلَى مَا تَرَى مِنْ صَدَاعَتِهِمْ↓ لَكِرَامٌ app. as meaning † Verily they, notwithstanding what thou seest of their disunion, are generous: but I think it most probable that صَدَاعَتِهِمْ is a mistranscription for صَدَعَاتِهِمْ.]

[Reiske, as stated by Freytag, explains it as signifying also Camels going swiftly.]

صُدَاعٌ † Headache: (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) Er-Rághib says that it is like a splitting in the head by reason of pain; and is a metaphorical term. (TA.)

صَدِيعٌ Either half of a garment, or piece of cloth, (O, Ḳ,) that is slit in halves: (O:) and a thing [شَىْءٌ accord. to the copies of the Ḳ, but I think that the right reading is شَىْءٍ i. e. “of a thing,”] that is cloven, or split, or slit, in halves: pl. صُدُعٌ. (Ḳ.) See also صِدْعَةٌ, first sentence. It is also said to signify A [garment of the kind called] رِدَآء, that is slit in halves. (TA.) And A new patch in an old and worn-out garment. (O, Ḳ.) And A garment much rent. (TA.) And A black garment which a wailing woman wears with a white garment beneath it, and which she rends at her bosom so that the white one appears: so says Kásim Ibn-Thábit. (TA.) And A garment that is worn beneath the coat of mail. (O, Ḳ.) And A shirt [of a middling size] between two shirts, neither large nor small. (TA.)

See also صِدْعَةٌ, second and third sentences, in three places.

Accord. to Ibn-ʼAbbád, (O,) applied to a mountain-goat, it signifies Youthful: and (some say, O) of middling size; syn. مَرْبُوعُ الخَلْقِ; (O, Ḳ, TA;) i. e. between two [in size]; like صَدَعٌ [q. v.]. (TA.)

Also † Daybreak: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) because it cleaves the night. (O.)

And Fresh milk which is put in a place, and becomes cool, and overspread by a thin skin: (O, Ḳ:) so called because you skim off (تَصْدَعُ, lit. “cleave,”) that thin skin from the clear milk. (O.)

صَادِعٌ [act. part. n. of صَدَعَ; Cleaving, splitting,, &c.]

[Hence,] applied to a valley, (O, Ḳ,) and a road, or way, (سَبِيلٌ, O, TA, in the Ḳ erroneously written سَيْلٌ [a torrent], TA, [or both may be correct,]) and a mountain, (Ḳ, TA, [in the O, حَبْلٌ is put for جَبَلٌ,]) † Extending far along the earth. (O, Ḳ, TA.)

And, applied to the daybreak, † Shining, or bright; syn. مُشْرِقٌ. (IDrd, O, Ḳ.)

Also † One who decides, or judges, between, or among, a people, or party. (TA.)

A poet (قيس بن ذريح) says,

* فَلَمَّا بَدَا مِنْهَا الفِرَاقُ كَمَا بَدَا *

* بِظَهْرِ الصَّفَا الصَّلْدِ الشُّقُوقُ الصَّوَادِعُ *

[i. e. And when separation from her appeared, like as appear the cleaving cracks in the surface of the hard and smooth rock]: it may be that صَدَعَ↓ is syn. with تَصَدَّعَ in some dial. [and that صَوَادِع is pl. of its part. n.]: or this may be an instance of a possessive epithet, meaning having a cleaving. (TA.)

هُوَ أَصْدَعُهُمْ بِالصَّوَابِ فِى أَسْرَعِ جَوَابٍ † [app. He is the most effective of them in deciding rightly in a most quick answer]. (TA.)

مَصْدَعٌ ‡ A smooth, or plain, road, in a rugged tract of ground: pl. مَصَادِعُ. (IDrd, O, Ḳ, TA.)

مِصْدَعٌ A [sort of arrow-head, or arrow, such as is termed] مِشْقَص [q. v.]: pl. مَصَادِعُ. (IDrd, O, Ḳ.) Hence the quiver is called خَابِئَةُ المَصَادِعِ [The concealer, or guarder, of the مصادع]. (TA.)

دَلِيلٌ مِصْدَعٌ † A guide going his way [app. with energy]. (TA.)

And خَطِيبٌ مِصْدَعٌ † An orator, or a preacher, perspicuous, (O, Ḳ, TA,) eloquent, (Ḳ, TA,) and bold in speech. (TA.)