Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

صَامَ, (Ṣ, M, &c.,) aor. يَصُومُ, (Mṣb,) inf. n. صَوْمٌ, and صِيَامٌ; (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) andاِصْطَامَ↓; (M, Ḳ;) He abstained, (Mṣb, TA,) in an absolute sense: (Mṣb:) this is the primary signification: (TA:) [or] this is said to be the signification in the proper language of the Arabs: (Mṣb:) and in the language of the law, (Mṣb, TA,) he observed a particular kind of abstinence; (Mṣb;) i. e. (TA) he abstained from food (Ṣ, M, Ḳ, TA) and drink (M, Ḳ, TA) and coïtus: (M, Ḳ:) and (Ṣ,* M, &c.) by a tropical application, (TA,) ‡ from speech: (Ṣ,* M, Mgh, Mṣb,* Ḳ, TA:) or صَوْمٌ in the proper language of the Arabs signifies a man's abstaining from eating: and by a secondary application, a particular serving of God [by fasting]; (Mgh;) [i. e.] the abstaining from eating and drinking and coïtus from daybreak to sunset: (KT:) accord. to Kh, it signifies [properly] the standing without work. (Ṣ.) صام الشَّهْرَ means صام فِى الشَّهْرِ [He fasted during the month]: agreeably with what is said in the Ḳur ii. 181. (TA.) And it is said (Ṣ, M) by I’Ab (Ṣ) that the saying, in the Ḳur [xix. 27], (Ṣ, M,) إِنِّى نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمٰنِ صَوْمًا means † [Verily I have vowed unto the Compassionate] an abstaining from speech. (Ṣ, M, Mṣb.) One says also, صام الفَرَسُ, inf. n. صَوْمٌ (Ṣ, M) and صِيَامٌ, (M,) † The horse stood without eating of fodder; (Ṣ;) or abstained from the eating of fodder. (M, A, Mgh.) And صام عَنِ السَّيْرِ ‡ He abstained from going along, or journeying. (TA.)

[Hence,] صامت الشَّمْسُ † The sun became [apparently] stationary [in the mid-heaven]: (T, TA:) or attained its full height. (M, TA.)

And صام النَّهَارُ, (inf. n. صَوْمٌ, Ṣ,) ‡ The day reached its midpoint. (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Ḳ, TA.)

And صامت الرِّيحُ, (M, TA,) inf. n. صَوْمٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) ‡ The wind became still, or calm. (Ṣ, M, Ḳ, TA.)

And صام المَآءُ, [inf. n. صِيَامٌ (see صُلَاقَةٌ) and probably صَوْمٌ also,] † The water became still, or motionless; syn. قَامَ and دَامَ. (TA.)

And صام النَّعَامُ, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. صَوْمٌ, (M,) ‡ The ostrich cast forth its dung; (M, Ḳ, TA;) and in the same sense the verb is used in relation to the domestic fowl; because each stands still in doing this, or because each becomes tranquil by reason of the passing forth of that which occasions annoyance: and accord. to [some one or more of the copies of] the M, صام النَّهَارُ, inf. n. صَوْمٌ, The نهار, by which is here meant the young one of the كَرَوَان, [or rather of the bustard called حُبَارَى,] cast forth what was in its belly. (TA.)

صام مَنِيَّتَهُ i. q. ذَاقَهَا [He tasted, or experienced, his death]. (Ḳ.)

And صَامَ He (a man) shaded himself by means of the tree called صَوْم. (Ḳ.)

صَوْمٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (Ṣ, M, &c.)

[Hence,] الصَّوْمُ [app. for وَقْتُ الصَّوْمِ] means also ‡ [The month of] Ramadán: (Ḳ, TA:) whence the saying of Aboo-Zeyd, أَقَمْتُ بِالبَصْرَةِ صَوْمَيْنِ, meaning [I remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in El-Basrah] two Ramadáns. (TA.)

And [in like manner] صَوْمٌ also means † A Christian church; syn. بِيعَةٌ: (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA:) as though for مَحَلُّ الصَّوْمِ i. e. الوَقْفِ [the place of station: for, as Hooker says, speaking of the ancient usage of the Church, “their manner was to stand at prayer, whereupon their meetings unto that purpose had the names of stations given them”]. (TA.)

See also صَائِمٌ.

Also † The dung of the ostrich. (Ṣ, M, Ḳ.)

And, in the dial. of Hudheyl, (Ṣ,) Certain trees, (Ṣ, M,) or a certain tree, (Ḳ,) [but] the n. un. is with ة {صَوْمَةٌ}, of the form of the figure of a human being, (M,) ugly in appearance, (M, Ḳ,) very much so, the fruits of which are called رُؤُوسُ الشَّيَاطِينِ, i. e. [the heads] of the serpents, [see شَيْطَانٌ and زَقُّومٌ,] not having leaves: AḤn says that they have [what are termed] هَدَب [q. v.], their branches do not spread forth, they grow in the manner of the [species of tamarisk called] أَثْل, but are not so tall, and mostly grow in the districts of Benoo-Shebábeh. (M.)

أَرْضٌ صَوَامٌ Dry land or ground, in which is no water. (Ḳ.)

صَوَّامٌ is like صَائِمٌ but having an intensive signification [i. e. meaning Abstaining, &c., much or often]. (Mṣb.) One says رَجُلٌ صَوَّامٌ قَوَّامٌ, meaning A man who fasts (يَصُومُ) [often] in the day, and who rises [often] in the night [to pray]. (TA.)

صَائِمٌ Abstaining, in an absolute sense: this is said to be the signification in the proper language of the Arabs: and in the language of the law, observing a particular kind of abstinence; (Mṣb;) [i. e.] abstaining from food (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) and drink and coïtus: and, [by a tropical application, (see 1, first sentence,)] ‡ from speech: (M, Ḳ:) it is applied to a man: (Ṣ, M, Mṣb:) andصَوْمَانُ↓ signifies the same, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) so applied; (Ṣ;) as alsoصَوْمٌ↓, (M, Ḳ,) applied to a man, (M,) and to a woman, and to two men, (TA,) and to a pl. number; (M, Ḳ;) being an inf. n. used as an epithet; (TA;) or it is a pl., [or rather quasi-pl. n.,] like زَوْرٌ: (M voce ضَيْفٌ:) or, in the proper language of the Arabs, صَائِمٌ signifies abstaining from eating: and by a secondary application, serving God in a particular manner [by fasting: see again 1, first sentence]: (Mgh:) accord. to AO, it signifies any creature abstaining from food, or † from speech, or † from going along or journeying: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) pl. صِيَامٌ and صُوَّمٌ (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and صُيَّمٌ (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ) and صِيَّمٌ and صُوَّامٌ and صُيَّامٌ and صَيَامَى, (M, Ḳ,) the last of which [written in the CK صُيَامَى] is extr. (M.)

Applied to a horse, † Standing still (Ṣ, M, Mṣb) without eating of fodder (Ṣ, Mṣb) or without eating anything: (M:) or abstaining from the eating of fodder: (Mgh:) or standing upon his four legs. (Az in art. صون, and TA.)

And بَكْرَةٌ صَائِمَةٌ † A sheave of a pulley that remains still, (Mgh, TA,) that will not revolve. (Ṣ, Mgh, TA.)

And مَآءٌ صَائِمٌ † Water that is still, or motionless; syn. قَائِمٌ and دَائِمٌ. (Mgh, TA.)

مَصَامٌ ‡ The station, or standing-place, of a horse; as alsoمَصَامَةٌ↓. (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA.)

And مَصَامُ النَّجْمِ † The [imaginary] place of suspension of the asterism [meaning the Pleiades]. (M.) Imra-el-Ḳeys says,

* كَأَنَّ الثُّرَيَّا عُلّقَتْ فِى مَصَامِهَا *

* بِأَمْرَاسِ كَتَّانٍ إِلَى صُمِّ جَنْدَلِ *

[As though the Pleiades were hung, in their place of suspension, by means of ropes of flax, to hard and solid rocks: i. e. they seemed as though they were stationary: he means that the night was tedious to him]. (Ṣ. [See EM p. 36, where a reading of the former hemistich different from that above is given, with the same and another reading of the latter hemistich.])

One says also, جِئْتُهُ وَالشَّمْسُ فِى مَصَامِهَا, meaning † [I came to him when the sun was] in the middle of the sky. (TA.)