Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

عَذُبَ, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) aor. ـُ {يَعْذُبُ}, (TA,) inf. n. عُذُوبَةٌ, said of water, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) [and app. of wine or other beverage, and of food, (see عَذْبٌ,)] It was, or became, sweet: (Ṣ, O,* TA:) or it was, or became, easy and agreeable to be drunk or swallowed. (Mṣb.) [See also 12.]

[Freytag has also assigned to it a meaning belonging to أَعْذَبَ, q. v.]

عَذَبَ: see 4, in two places.

And see also 2, last sentence.

[عَذِبَ, inf. n. عَذَبٌ, is mentioned by Golius as signifying “Quisquiliis aut lente palustri obducta fuit,” and in a similar manner by Freytag; by both as said of water, and as on the authority of the Ḳ: but I find, in the Ḳ, no ground for this, except an explanation of عَذِبٌ, q.v., of which ISd knew not a verb.]

عذّبهُ, inf. n. تَعْذِيبٌ, He punished, castigated, or chastised, him: (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) [and he, or it, tormented, or tortured, him:] originally, he beat him: then, he punished him in any painful manner. (Mṣb.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّ المَيِّتَ يُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَآءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ [Verily the dead will be punished for his family's weeping for him]: the reason of which is probably this; that the Arabs used to charge their families to weep and wail for them; therefore the dead is obnoxious to punishment for his having done this. (IAth, TA.) And the verb is used metaphorically in relation to that which has not sensation: a poet says,

* لَيْسَتْ بِسَوْدَآءَ مِنْ مَيْثَآءَ مُظْلِمَةٍ *

* وَلَمْ تُعَذَّبْ بِإِدْنَآءٍ مِنَ النَّارِ *

[It (app. wine) is not black, from Meytha, darkcoloured; nor has it been mulled (such seems to be here the meaning of the verb) by being put near to fire, or by being boiled]. (L, TA. [See also مُعَذَّبَةٌ.])

See also 4, in two places.

عذّب سَوْطَهُ, and هدّبهُ, [perhaps a mistranscription forعَذَبَهُ↓, for accord. to Golius, this last and the first here mentioned are expl. by Z in the sense here following,] He put an عِلَاقَة [i. e. an عَذَبَة] to his whip: so in the A. (TA.)

اعذب القَوْمُ The people, or party, became in the condition of having sweet water. (Ḳ, TA. [Freytag has erroneously assigned this meaning to عَذُبَ.])

And اعذب, (O, TA,) inf.n. إِعْذَابٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) He abstained, or desisted, (O, Ḳ,* TA,) عَنْ شَىْءٍ from a thing; (TA;) and, (Ḳ, TA,) in like manner followed by عَنْ, (TA,) he left, quitted, or relinquished, (Ḳ, TA,) a thing: (TA:) andاستعذب↓, (Ḳ, TA,) likewise followed by عَنْ, (TA,) signifies the same: (Ḳ, TA:) and عَذْبٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) as inf. n. of عَذَبَ↓, (MF, TA,) signifies the abstaining,, &c., (Ḳ, MF, TA,) from a thing: and [particularly] the abstaining (of a man, and of an ass, and of a horse, TA) from eating, by reason of intense thirst; (Ḳ, TA;) being neither fasting nor breaking fast; (TA;) and so عُذُوبٌ as inf. n. of the same verb. (MF, TA.)

And اعذبهُ, (Ṣ, O,) inf. n. إِعْذَابٌ; (Ḳ;) andعذّبهُ↓, (O,) inf. n. تَعْذِيبٌ; (Ḳ;) andعَذَبَهُ↓, (O,) inf. n. عَذْبٌ; (Ḳ;) He prevented, hindered, withheld, restrained, or forbade, him, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,*) عَنِ الأَمْرِ from [doing] the thing, or affair. (Ṣ, O.) One says, أَعْذِبْ نَفْسَكَ عَنْ كَذَا Withhold, or restrain, thyself from such a thing. (Ṣ, O.)

اعذبهُ [He deprived it of its عَذَب; i. e.] he removed from it, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) namely, water, (Ḳ,) or a watering-trough, or tank, (Ṣ, O,) the floating particles that were upon it, (Ṣ, O,) or its [green substance termed] طُحْلُب, (Ḳ,) or both of these: (TA:) andتَعْذِيبٌ↓ [in like manner] signifies the removing of what is termed عَذَب. (Bḍ in ii. 6.)

اعتذب He made [the] two ends (عَذَبَتَيْنِ) of his turban to hang down behind. (O, Ḳ, TA.)

استعذب المَآءَ He reckoned, or esteemed, the water sweet. (O, Mṣb, TA.)

And He sought sweet water: you say, استعذب لِأَهْلِهِ he sought sweet water for his family. (TA.)

And He drank the water sweet. (TA.)

And He drew sweet water. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.*) One says, يُسْتَعْذَبُ لِفُلَانٍ مِنْ بِئْرِ كَذَا i. e. [Sweet water] is drawn for such a one from such a well. (Ṣ, O.)

And استعذب لَهُ المَآءَ He brought to him sweet water. (TA.)

See also 4.

اعذوذب, like اِحْلَولَى, said of water, It was, or became, sweet, [like عَذُبَ,] or very sweet. (Lb, TA.)

عَذْبٌ Sweet water: (Ṣ, O:) or water, (Mṣb,) or wine, or beverage, and food, (Ḳ,) that is easy and agreeable to be drunk or swallowed: (Mṣb, Ḳ:) pl. عِذَابٌ (O, Mṣb, TA) and عُذُوبٌ. (TA.) You say رَكِيَّةٌ عَذْبَةٌ [A well of sweet water]: and مَآءٌ عَذْبٌ [sweet water]: and also مَآءَةٌ عَذْبَةٌ [a sweet water]: and مَآءٌ عِذَابٌ [sweet water or waters], using a pl. epithet in this last case because مَآءٌ is a coll. gen. n., of which مَآءَةٌ is the n. un. (TA.) And Aboo-Heiyeh En-Nemeree says, describing water,

* لَهُ غَلَلٌ بَيْنَ الإِجَامِ عُذُوبُ *

[Having sweet water permeating amid the reedbeds, or the thickets]: he uses غَلَلٌ as a coll. gen. n., and therefore pluralizes the epithet. (L, TA.)

One says also نِسٓاءٌ عِذَابُ الثَّنَايَا † [Women sweet in respect of the front teeth]. (A.)

And إِنَّهُ لَعَذْبُ اللِّسَانِ † [Verily he is sweet in respect of the tongue]; likening his tongue to the water that is termed عَذْب. (Lḥ, TA.)

Also A sort of trees; (Ḳ, TA;) the same that is called عَذَبٌ [q. v.]. (TA.)

عَذَبٌ, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) [a coll. gen. n.] of which, in all its senses, the n. un. is darr; عَذَبَةٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) Motes, or particles of rubbish or the like, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ, TA,) floating upon water. (TA.) [In this sense, it is said in the Ṣ and O that عَذَبَةٌ is its sing. or n. un.] One says مَآءٌ ذُو عَذَبٍ Water abounding with such motes or particles. (Ṣ, O. See also عَذِبٌ.) Andعَذِبَةٌ↓ has the same meaning as the n. un. of عَذَبٌ in this sense: (Ḳ:) and signifies likewise, as alsoعَذَبَةٌ↓ andعَذْبَةٌ↓, (L, Ḳ,) this last mentioned by IAạr, (L,) [the green substance called] طُحْلُب (L, Ḳ, TA) and عَرْمَض and the like, (L, TA,) or طُحْلُب and dung (دِمْن), floating upon water. (TA.)

And What comes forth next after the fœtus from the womb. (O, Ḳ.)

Also A sort of trees, (AḤn, O, Ḳ,) of the shrub-kind: (AḤn, O:) the same that is called عَذْبٌ. (TA.)

And The pieces of rag that women hold when wailing for the dead; as also مَعَاذِبُ, (O, Ḳ,) pl. ofمَعْذَبَةٌ↓ [or probably مِعْذَبَةٌ, like its syn. مِئْلَاةٌ, originally مِئْلَوَةٌ], or, accord. to AA, an anomalous pl. of [the n. un. of عَذَبٌ, i. e.] عَذَبَةٌ: (O:) one of such pieces of rag is also called مِعْوَزٌ, as well as عَذَبَةٌ. (TA.)

And Straps, or thongs: (Ṣ, O:) or the extremities thereof; as alsoعَذَبَاتٌ↓. (TA.) So in the saying of Dhu-r-Rummeh, (Ṣ, O, TA,) describing dogs of the chase, (O,)

* غُضْفٌ مُهَرَّتَةُ الأَشْدَاقِ ضَارِيَةٌ *

* مِثْلُ السَّرَاحِينِ فِى أَعْنَاقِهَا العَذَبُ *

[Having pendulous ears, wide in the sides of the mouth, habituated to the chase, resembling wolves, with straps, or thongs, or the extremities thereof, upon their necks]. (Ṣ, O, TA.)

Also, (Ḳ,) orعَذَبَةٌ↓, in this and other senses following, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, &c.,) [the former evidently wrong, the latter (as is said in the Ḳ) being its n. un. in all its senses,] The string with which a balance, or pair of scales, is raised. (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

And The end, or extremity, of a whip; (Mgh in art. ثمر, and Mṣb;) its tail; also called its ثَمَرَة: (Mgh ubi suprà:) or its عِلَاقَة, (TA in the present art.,) which means the [suspensory] thong in the handle thereof: (TA in art. علق:) or [it may have both of these significations, for it is said that it is] one of the عَذَبَتَانِ of a whip. (Ṣ, O.)

The end, or extremity of anything. (A, Ḳ.)

The extremity of the tongue; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb;) its [tip or] narrow extremity: (TA:) pl. عَذَبَاتٌ↓. (Mṣb.) One says,الحَقُّ عَلَى عَذَبَاتِ↓ أَلْسِنَتِهِمْ [Truth is on the tips of their tongues]. (A, TA.)

The extremity of the penis of a camel: (ISd, Ḳ, TA:) or the extremity of a camel's penis thin in the fore part. (TA.)

The part that hangs down of the [thong called] شِرَاك [q. v.] of a sandal. (O, TA. [See also ذُؤَابَةٌ.])

A piece of skin which is hung behind the hinder part (مُؤْخِرَة, O, Ḳ, or مُؤَخَّرَة, CK) of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل, (O, Ḳ,) from its upper portion; (O;) also termed ذُؤَابَةٌ. (TA in art. ذأب.)

And عَذَبٌ [accord. to the TA, but correctly عَذَبَةٌ↓, (see 8,)] The portion [i. e. end] of a turban, that is made to hang down between the shoulders. (TA.)

And the same, [correctly عَذَبَةٌ↓, as is shown by what follows,] A piece of rag [or strip of linen or the like, called in French cravate,] that is bound upon the head of a spear. (TA.) One says, خَفَقَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ العَذَبُ (A, TA) i. e. خِرَقُ الأَلْوِيَةِ [The cravates fluttered over his head]. (A.)

Andعَذَبَةٌ↓ signifies also A branch of a tree; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb;) and soعَذِبَةٌ↓. (TA.)

عَذِبٌ (Ḳ, TA) andذُو عَذَبٍ↓ (TA) Water overspread by [the green substance termed] طُحْلُب: (Ḳ, TA:) or abounding therewith, and with motes, or particles of rubbish or the like: (TA:) [or the latter signifies as expl. before: see عَذَبٌ, third sentence:] عَذِبٌ is thought by ISd to be a possessive epithet, [meaning ذُو عَذَبٍ,] because he found no verb belonging to it. (TA.)

عَذِبٌ is also syn. with عَظِبٌ meaning A man alighting, or abiding, in places of dried-up herbage, and in a waterless desert. (TA in art. عظب.)

عَذْبَةٌ: see عَذَبٌ.

Also A certain tree, that kills camels, (O, Ḳ, TA,) if they eat thereof. (TA.)

And A well-known medicine. (Ḳ, TA. [In some copies of the Ḳ, دَآءٌ, or “disease,” is put for دَوَآءٌ, accord. to the TḲ, as observed by Freytag.])

عَذَبَةٌ, and its pl. عَذَبَاتٌ: see عَذَبٌ, in nine places.

The pl. above mentioned signifies also The legs of a she-camel. (TA.)

عَذِبَةٌ: see عَذَبٌ, fourth and last sentences.

Also What is taken forth from طَعَام [i. e. wheat, or corn in general,] and thrown away; (Lḥ, Ḳ, TA;) being the worst thereof; also termed عَذِرَةٌ. (Lḥ, TA in art. عذر.)

And Pasturage, or herbage: so in the phrase مَآءٌ مَا بِهِ عَذِبَةٌ, (O,) or مَآء لَا عَذِبَةَ فِيهِ [Water where is no pasturage, or herbage]. (TA.)

It is also expl. in copies of the Ḳ as signifying, with the article, مَا أَحَاطَ مِنَ الدِّرَّةِ: but the right explanation is مَا أَحَاطَ بِالدَّبْرَةِ [app. meaning The ridge of earth that surrounds a sown piece of ground to retain the water for irrigation (see دَبْرٌ)], as in the M and L, &c. (TA.)

عَذَبِىٌّ, (thus in my copies of the Ṣ,) or عُذَبِىٌّ, (O, Ḳ, TA,) with the pointed ذ, accord. to AA, mentioned in the T in art. عدب, as written with the unpointed د, and here said in the Ḳ to be syn. with عُدَبِىٌّ, (TA,) Generous in natural dispositions. (AA, Ṣ, O, TA.)

أَصَابَهُ عَذَابُ عِذَبِينَ, (O, Ḳ, TA,) with kesr to the ع and fet-ḥ to the ذ, (O, TA,) like بِلَغِينَ, (Ḳ, TA, in the CK عُذَبِينَ like بُلَغِينَ,) and أَصَابَهُ العِذَبُونَ, (O, TA,) [May the punishment that will not be remitted befall him, or] may his punishment not be remitted: (O, Ḳ, TA:) so says Ibn-Buzurj. (O, TA.)

عَذَابٌ Punishment, castigation, or chastisement, [or] such as serves to give warning to others than the sufferer, or to restrain the offender from repeating the offence; syn. عُقُوبَةٌ, (Ṣ, O,) or نَكَالٌ: (Ḳ, and Ksh and Bḍ in ii. 6:) so termed from عَذَبَ “he prevented”, &c.; because it prevents the person punished from returning to the like of his offence, and prevents others from doing the like of that which he has done: (MF, TA:) [it generally signifies any corporal punishment:] and, by an extension of the original signification, any [infliction of] pain that disgraces, or puts to shame: (Ksh and Bḍ ubi suprà:) originally, beating: afterwards used to signify any painful punishment: [torture; or torment:] and metaphorically applied to ‡ an affair, or event, that is difficult, distressing, afflicting, or troublesome; whence the saying, السَّفَرُ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ العَذَابِ [Travel is a portion of that which is difficult,, &c.; or of torment]: (Mṣb:) in the Ḳur xxiii. 78, it means hunger, or famine: (Zj, O, TA:) the pl. is أَعْذِبَةٌ: (Zj, Ḳ, TA:) the author of the Ḳ says in art. نهر [voce نَهَارٌ] that it has no pl.: [and it seems to be doubted whether it have a pl. because it is properly an inf. n. though its verb in the unaugmented form is not used:] but MF observes that if it be a name for that whereby one is prevented [from repeating an offence], as hunger, or famine, agreeably with what Zj says, there is no reason why it should not have this pl. (TA.)

عَذَابَةٌ The womb; thus mentioned by Az, on the authority of El-Mundhiree and AHeyth, with the pointed ذ; (O, TA;) i. q. عَدَابَةٌ. (Ḳ, TA.)

عَاذِبٌ andعَذُوبٌ↓, applied to a horse or the like, &c., (Ṣ, O,) Such as is standing still, or stopping from fatigue, (قَائِمٌ, Ṣ,) that will not eat nor drink: (Ṣ, O:) or abstaining, or that abstains, from eating, by reason of intense thirst; (Ḳ, TA;) applied to a man, and an ass, and a horse: but Az says that the assertion respecting these two epithets that they signify [a horse, &c.] that neither eats nor drinks is more correct than the assertion respecting عَذُوبٌ↓ that it signifies [one] that abstains from eating by reason of his thirst: also, that عَاذِبٌ signifies any animal, but generally a horse and a camel, that will not eat anything: accord. to Th, this andعَذُوبٌ↓ signify a horse or the like standing still, or stopping from fatigue, (قَائِمٌ,) that raises his head, and will not eat nor drink; and the former, that passes a night without eating anything: (TA:) the pl. of عَاذِبٌ is عُذُوبٌ, like as سُجُودٌ is a pl. of سَاجِدٌ: and the pl. ofعَذُوبٌ↓ is عُذُبٌ, and, accord. to AʼObeyd, عُذُوبٌ [like as هُجُودٌ is pl. of هَجُودٌ]: Az says that this is a mistake, for a word of the measure فَعُولٌ does not form a pl. of the measure فُعُولٌ; but [SM says] this is an extr. instance; and he who preserves an authority in his mind is an evidence against him who does not. (TA.) One says,بَاتَ عَذُوبًا↓, meaning He passed the night without eating or drinking anything; because abstaining therefrom. (O.)

عَاذِبٌ signifies also [Unsheltered;] having no covering between him and the sky; (O, Ḳ;) and soعَذُوبٌ↓. (Ḳ, TA.) El-Jaadee says, describing a wild bull (ثَوْر وَحْشِىّ [a species of bovine antelope]) that had passed the night alone, tasting nothing,

*فَبَاتَ عَذُوبًا↓ لِلسَّمَآءِ كَأَنَّهُ *

* سُهَيْلٌ إِذَا مَا أَفْرَدَتْهُ الكَوَاكِبُ *

[And he passed the night exposed without shelter to the sky, as though he were Canopus when the other stars have left him solitary]. (TA.)

الأَعْذَبَانِ [The two most sweet things;] saliva (الرِّيق, Ṣ, O, Ḳ, or الرُّضَاب, A) and wine: (Ṣ, A, O, Ḳ: [for, in the amorous language of the Arab, the sweetness of the saliva of his beloved is often praised:]) or food and coïtus. (Ḳ.)

لِجَامٌ مُعْذِبٌ A bridle that withholds from going away in a headlong manner. (O.)

مُعَذَّبَةٌ [for خَمْرٌ مُعَذَّبَةٌ] Wine mixed [with water, or with some other thing or things]. (A, TA.)

And معذب [app. مُعَذَّب] is applied by the vulgar to Fresh ripe dates soaked with water. (TA voce مَنْقُوشٌ.)

سَوْطٌ مُعَذَّبٌ A whip having an عِلَاقَة [or عَذَبَة] attached to it. (TA.)

اِمْرَأَةٌ مَعْذَابُ الرِّيقِ A woman whose saliva is pleasant to be swallowed, and sweet. (TA.)