Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

عَسُرَ, aor. ـُ {يَعْسُرُ}, inf. n. عُسْرٌ (Ṣ, A, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) and عُسُرٌ (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) and عَسَارَةٌ (Mṣb, Ḳ) [and مَعْسُورٌ and عُسْرَةٌ and مَعْسَرَةٌ and مَعْسُرَةٌ and عُسْرَى (see عُسْرٌ below)]; and عَسِرَ, aor. ـَ {يَعْسَرُ}, inf. n. عَسَرٌ; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ;) andتعسّر↓, (A, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) andتعاسر↓, (Ḳ,) andاستعسر↓; (A, O, Mṣb, Ḳ;) It (an affair, or a thing, Ṣ, A, O, Mṣb) was, or became, difficult, hard, strait, or intricate. (Ṣ, A, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,* TA.) You say, عَسُرَ عَلَيْهِ, (TA,) and عَسِرَ, (Ṣ, O,) andتعسّر↓, andتعاسر↓, andاستعسر↓, (Ḳ,) It was, or became, difficult, hard, strait, or intricate, to him. (Ṣ,* O,* Ḳ.)

عَسُرَ مَا فِى البَطْنِ, (as in the CK and a MṢ. copy of the Ḳ,) or عَسَرَ, (accord. to the TA,) What was in the belly would not come forth. (Ḳ.) You say عَسَرَ عَلَيْهِ مَا فِى البَطْنِ What was in his belly would not come forth. (TA.)

See also 4.

عَسُرَ, (Mṣb,) or عَسَرَ, (IḲṭṭ, TA,) or عَسِرَ, (TḲ,) inf. n. عُسْرٌ and عَسَارَةٌ (Mṣb, IḲṭṭ, TA) and عَسَرٌ, (IḲṭṭ, Ḳ,) He (a man) had little gentleness, (Mṣb, IḲṭṭ,) فِى الأُمُورِ [in the execucution of affairs]; (Mṣb;) and was narrow, or niggardly, in disposition: (IḲṭṭ:) or he was hard in disposition; or illnatured. (Ḳ,* TḲ.)

عَسُرَ عَلَيْهِ, (A, and so in the CK and a MṢ. copy of the Ḳ,) or عَسَرَ, (as in the TA,) inf. n. عُسْرٌ, (TA,) He acted contrarily, or adversely, to him; opposed him; (A, Ḳ;) as alsoعسّر↓, (Ḳ,) inf. n. تَعْسِيرٌ: (TA:) andعسّر↓ عليه also signifies he straitened him. (Sb, O,* TA.)

عَسُرَ الزَّمَانُ, (so in the CK and in a MṢ. copy of the Ḳ,) or عَسَرَ, (so in the TA,) Time, or fortune, became severe, rigorous, afflictive, or adverse, (Ḳ,) عَلَيْنَا to us. (TA.)

عَسُرَتِ النَّاقَةُ and عَسِرَت The she-camel was untrained. (O.)

And عَسَرَتْ, (Ḳ, TA,) and عَسَرَتْ بِذَنَبِهَا, (Ṣ, O, TA,) aor. ـِ {يَعْسِرُ}, inf. n. عَسَرَانٌ (Ṣ, O, Ḳ, TA) and عَسْرٌ, (O, Ḳ, TA,) She (a camel) raised her tail, after conception, to show the stallion that she was pregnant: (Ṣ,* O, TA:) and [as also, app., عسّرت↓, or عسّرت دَنَبَهَا, inf. n. تَعْسِيرٌ, (see ناقة عَسِيرٌ, voce عَسِرٌ,)] she (a camel) raised her tail in her running. (Ḳ, TA.) [In the former case, the action denotes repugnance to the stallion: in the latter, a degree of refractoriness: in both, difficulty.]

عَسَرَ الغَرِيمَ, aor. ـِ {يَعْسِرُ} and ـُ {يَعْسُرُ}, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. عَسْرٌ; (Ṣ, O;) andأَعْسَرَهُ↓; (O, Mṣb, Ḳ;) He demanded the debt of the debtor, it being difficult to him to pay it: (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:*) and he took it of him, it being difficult to him to pay it, and was not lenient towards him until he was in easy circumstances. (TA.)

عَسَرَهُ, (Aṣ, TA,) andاعتسرهُ↓, (Ṣ, TA,) He forced, or compelled, him, against his wish; [عَلَى الأَمْرِ to do the thing;] i. q. قَسَرَهُ, (Aṣ, TA,) and اقتسرهُ. (Ṣ, O, TA.)

عَسِرَ, and عَسِرَتْ, (TḲ,) or عَسَرَتْ, (Ḳ, TA,) aor. ـِ {يَعْسِرُ}, (TḲ,) inf. n. عَسَرٌ, (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) He, (a man, TḲ,) and she, (a woman, TḲ,) was left-handed. (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

عَسَرَنِى, (O, L, and Ḳ, and so in a copy of the Ṣ,) aor. ـِ {يَعْسِرُ}, (L,) or ـُ, (TA,) inf. n. عَسْرٌ; (L, TA;) andعَسَّرَنِى↓, (Ḳ,) or عَسِرَنِى, (L and TA, and so in a copy of the Ṣ,) aor. ـَ {يَعْسَرُ}; (TA;) He came on my right side. (Ṣ, O, L, Ḳ, TA.)

عاسرهُ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. مُعَاسَرَةٌ, (Ṣ, O,) He treated him, or behaved towards him, with hardness, harshness, or ill-nature; (Ṣ,* O,* Ḳ;) مُعَاسَرَةٌ is the contr. of مُيَاسَرَةٌ. (Ṣ, O.)

اعسر, (Ṣ, Ḳ, &c.,) inf. n. إِعْسَار, (Kr, Mgh, &c.,) and, accord. to Kr, عُسْرٌ; but correctly, the former is an inf. n., and عُسْرَةٌ is a simple subst.; [as is also عُسْرٌ;] (TA;) He was, or became, in a state of difficulty; possessing little power or wealth: (TA:) he became poor: (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ:) he lost his property. (Ṣ, O.) عَسَارٌ in the sense of إِعْسَارٌ is a pure mistake. (Mgh.)

اعسرت She (a woman) had, or experienced, difficulty in bringing forth; (Lth, Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) as alsoعَسَرَتْ↓. (O, TA.) You say, in praying for a woman in labour, أَيْسَرَتْ وَأَذْكَرَتْ (Lth, A) May she have an easy birth, and may she bring forth a male child: (Lth, O:) and in the contr. case you say, أَعْسَرَتْ وَآنَثَتْ [May she have a difficult birth, and may she bring forth a female child]. (Lth, A, O, TA.)

And in like manner, She (a camel) had difficulty in bringing forth, her young one sticking fast at the time of the birth. (O, TA.)

And She (a camel) did not conceive during her year [after she had been covered]; (Ḳ,* TA;) as alsoعُسِّرَتْ↓, in the pass. form. (TA.)

اعسر الغَرِيمَ: see عَسَرَ.

تعسّر: see 1, in two places.

It (spun thread, غَزْلٌ, in the Ḳ قَوْلٌ [speech], but this is a mistake, TA) became entangled, so that it could not be unravelled; as also تغسّر, with the pointed غ: so accord. to Lth, as related by Az, who confirms it as of the language of the Arabs: but Ṣgh, in the TṢ [and O], says, You say of a thing, when it has become difficult, استعسر and تعسّر; but of spun thread, when it has become entangled, so that it cannot be unravelled, تغسّر, with the pointed غ; not with the unpointed ع, unless using a forced, or constrained, mode of speech. (TA.)

تَعَاسَرَا [They were difficult, or hard, each with the other; they treated, or behaved towards, each other with hardness, harshness, or illnature;] they disagreed, each with the other; said of a buyer and seller, and of a husband and wife; (TA;) تَعَاسُرٌ is the contr. of تَيَاسُرٌ: (Ṣ, O:) see Ḳur lxv. 6. (TA.)

See also 1, in two places.

اعتسرهُ in the sense of اقتسرهُ: see عَسَرَهُ.

اعتسر النَّاقَةَ He rode the she-camel before she was trained, (Ṣ, A, O,) while she was difficult to manage: (A:) or he took her in the first stage of her training, while yet difficult to manage, and attached her rein to her nose, and rode her. (Ḳ.)

Hence, اعتسر الكَلَامَ ‡ He uttered the speech without premeditation; without measuring and preparing it in his mind. (Az, A.)

اعتسر مِنْ مَالِ وَلَدِهِ He took of the property of his son, or child, or children, against the wish of the latter: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) so occurring in a trad., with س; from الاعتسار signifying “the act of forcing, or compelling:” but accord. to one relation of that trad., it is with ص. (TA.)

see 1, in two places.

استعسرهُ He sought, or desired, or demanded, that in which he experienced, or would experience, difficulty. (O, Ḳ.)

عُسْرٌ andعُسُرٌ↓ (Ṣ, A, O, Ḳ) andعَسَرٌ↓ (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) andمَعْسُورٌ↓ [respecting which, as well as some other words here mentioned, see below, in this paragraph, and see what is said of its contr. مَيْسُورٌ, voce يُسْرٌ,] andعُسْرَةٌ↓ andمَعْسَرَةٌ↓ andمَعْسُرَةٌ↓ andعُسْرَى↓ [all of which are app. inf. ns., of 1, q. v.,] (Ḳ) Difficulty; hardness; straitness; intricacy; contr. of يُسْرٌ. (Ṣ, A, O, Ḳ.)

'Eesà Ibn-ʼOmar observes that every noun of three letters of which the first is with damm and the second quiescent is pronounced by some of the Arabs with the second movent like the first; as عُسْرٌ and عُسُرٌ, and رُحْمٌ and رُحُمٌ, and حُلْمٌ and حُلُمٌ. (Ṣ, O.)

It is said in the Ḳur [lxv. 7], سَيَجْعَلُ ٱللّٰهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا [God will give, after difficulty, ease]. (O, TA.) And again, [xciv. 5 and 6,] فَإِنَّ مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا [And verily with difficulty shall be ease: verily with difficulty shall be ease]: on reciting which, Ibn-Mesʼood said, لَنْ يَغْلِبَ عُسْرٌ يُسْرَيْنِ [A difficulty will not predominate over twofold ease], which, says Abu-l-ʼAbbás, is meant as an explanation of the words of the Ḳur immediately preceding it, agreeably with a rule mentioned by Fr [and applying to most cases, but not to all]: for العسر being mentioned, and then repeated with ال, the latter is known to be the same as the former; and يسرا being mentioned, and repeated without ال, the latter is known to be different from the former. (O,* TA.)

It is also said, لَوْ دَخَلَ العُسْرُ جُحْرًا لَدَخَلَ اليُسْرُ عَلَيْهِ [If difficulty were to enter a burrow in the ground, ease would enter upon it]. (TA.)

As toمَعْسُورٌ↓, it is the contr. of مَيْسُورٌ, and both are inf. ns.: (Ṣ, O:) or they are put in the places of عُسْرٌ and يُسْرٌ: (TA:) or accord. to Sb, they both are epithets; for he holds that there is no inf. n. of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; and the saying دَعْهُ إِلَى مَيْسُورِهِ وَإِلَى مَعْسُورِهِ is expl. as signifying Leave thou him to a thing in which he experiences ease, and to a thing in which he experiences difficulty: and مَعْقُولٌ is also expl. in like manner. (Ṣ, O.) [In like manner also,]بَلَغْتُ مَعْسُورَ↓ فُلَانٍ [may be expl. as signifying I effected a thing in which such a one experienced difficulty; meaning I treated such a one with hardness, harshness, or illnature; being] said when thou hast not treated the person of whom thou speakest with gentleness, graciousness, courtesy, or civility. (O, TA.) You also say, [using معسور and its contr. ميسور as epithets,] خُذٌ مَيْسُورَهُ وَدَعٌ مَعْسُورَهُ↓ [Take thou what is easy thereof, and leave thou what is difficult thereof]. (A.)

عُسْرٌ also signifies Poverty: (Mṣb:) andعُسْرَةٌ↓, [the same: or] littleness of possessions, of property, of wealth, or of power: (Ṣ, TA:) andمَعْسَرَةٌ↓ andمَعْسُرَةٌ↓, [the same: or] difficulty, and poverty; contr. of مَيْسَرَةٌ: (O, TA:) both inf. ns.: (O:) andعُسْرَى↓, [the same: or] difficult things, affairs, or circumstances; (TA;) contr. of يُسْرَى: (Ṣ, O, TA:) and fem. of أَعْسَرُ, applied to a thing, or an affair, or a circumstance. (TA.)

جَيْشُ العُسْرَةِ↓ [The army of difficulty] is an appellation given to the army of Tabook; because they were summoned to go thither during the intense heat of summer, (O, Ḳ,) and in the season of the ripening of the fruit, (O, TA,) so that it was hard to them; (O, Ḳ;) and because the Prophet never warred before with so numerous an army, amounting to thirty thousand. (O, TA.)

فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى↓, in the Ḳur [xcii. 10], signifies, as some say, [We will smooth his way] to punishment, and a difficult case. (O, TA.)

عِسْرٌ, (Ṣ,) or العِسْرُ, (O, Ḳ,) A certain tribe of the Jinn, or Genii; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) as alsoعَسْرٌ↓, (Ṣ,) or العَسْرُ: (O, Ḳ:) or the first, (Ṣ, O,) or second and↓ last, (Ḳ,) a land inhabited by Jinn. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.)

عَسِرٌ Difficult, hard, hard to be done or accomplished, hard to be borne or endured, distressing, strait, or intricate; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ;*) applied to an affair, or a thing; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb;) as alsoعَسِيرٌ↓. (Ṣ, A, O, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

حَاجَةٌ عَسِرٌ, andعَسِيرٌ↓, (Ḳ,) or عَسِيرٌ andعَسِيرَةٌ↓, (L,) A want difficult of attainment. (L, Ḳ.)

يَوْمٌ عَسِرٌ, (Ḳ,) andعَسِيرٌ↓, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) andأَعْسَرُ↓, (Ḳ,) A difficult day; a day of difficulty; (Ṣ;) a hard, distressful, or calamitous, day; or an unfortunate, or unlucky, day. (Ḳ.)

رَجُلٌ عَسِرٌ A man having little gentleness in [the execution of] affairs: (Mṣb:) or hard in disposition; or illnatured. (Ḳ.) [See 1.]

نَاقَةٌ عَسِيرٌ↓, (Ṣ, A, O,) orعَسِيرَةٌ↓, (as in one copy of the Ṣ,) A she-camel not trained: (Ṣ, A, O:) orنَاقَةٌ عَسِيرٌ↓ andعَوْسَرَانَةٌ↓ andعَيْسَرَانَةٌ↓ [and app.عَيْسَرَانِيَّةٌ↓] (Ḳ) orعَوْسَرَانِيَّةٌ↓ (Lth, Az, Ṣ, O, L) andعَيْسَرَانِيَّةٌ↓ (Lth, Az, TṢ, O, L) andعَيْسُرَانِيَّةٌ↓, (Lth, Az, TṢ, O,) but what Lth says is not agreeable with the usage of the Arabs, (Az, TṢ, O,) a she-camel that is ridden, (Lth, Az, Ṣ, O, TA,) or laden, (TA,) before she has been trained: (Lth, Az, Ṣ, O, TA:) or that has been taken in the first stage of her training, while yet difficult to manage, and had her nose-rein attached, and been ridden: (Ḳ:) and the epithet applied to a he-camel is عَسِيرٌ↓, (Ḳ, TA,) or عَسِرٌ, (CK,) andعَيْسَرَانٌ↓ (Lth, Az, and so in some copies of the Ḳ,) andعَيْسُرَانٌ↓ (Lth, Az, TA, and so, in the place of the form immediately preceding, in some copies of the Ḳ,) andعَيْسَرَانِىٌّ↓ (TA) andعَيْسُرَانِىٌّ↓ (Ḳ, TA) andعَوْسَرَانِىٌّ↓. (Ṣ, O.)

Also نَاقَةٌ عَسِيرٌ↓ A she-camel that raises her tail in her running; as alsoعَاسِرٌ↓: (Ḳ:) or the latter, raising her tail after conception: (TA:) [see 1:] and [its pl.] عَوَاسِرُ↓, applied to wolves, that are agitated in their running, and shake the head, and contort (تَكْسِرُ) their tails, (Ṣ, TA,) by reason of briskness. (TA.) Andنَاقَةٌ عَوْسَرَانِيَّةٌ↓ A she-camel that is wont to raise her tail when she runs, (TṢ, O, Ḳ,) by reason of sprightliness. (O, TA.) In the L, instead of تَعْسِيرُ, preceding ذَنَبِهَا, we find تَكْسِيرُ. (TA.)

Also,نَاقَةٌ عَسِيرٌ↓, (Lth, O, Ḳ,) orعَسِيرَةٌ↓, (Ṣ,) accord. to Lth, (TA,) A she-camel not conceiving during her year [after having been covered]: (Lth, Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) but Az says that this explanation by Lth is not correct, and that ناقة عسير signifies, as expl. above, “a she-camel that is ridden before she has been trained;” and so Aṣ explains it; and ISk says the same. (TA.)

أَعْسَرُ [More, and most, difficult, hard, strait, or intricate; contr. of أَيْسَرُ;] applied to a thing, or an affair, or a circumstance: fem. عُسْرَى↓. (TA.)

Applied to a day, i. q. عَسِرٌ, q. v.; (Ḳ;) unfortunate, or unlucky, (O.)

A left-handed man; one who works with his left hand; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ;) one whose strength is in his left hand or arm, and who does with that what others do with the right: (TA:) fem. عَسْرَآءُ: (Ḳ:) and pl. عُسْرَانٌ, (O, TA,) like as سُودَانٌ is a pl. of أَسْوَدُ, (TA,) and عُسْرٌ. (O.) None is stronger in casting or shooting than the أَعْسَر. (TA.)

أَعْسَرُ يَسَرٌ A man who uses both his hands [alike]; ambidextrous; an ambidexter: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) fem. عَسْرَآءُ يَسَرَةٌ: (TA:) you should not say [of a man that he is] أَعْسَرُ أَيْسَرُ; (Ṣ, TA;) nor of a woman that she is عَسْرَآءُ يَسْرَآءُ. (TA.)

العَسْرَآءُ, fem. of الأَعْسَرُ, The left hand or arm. (TA.)

حَمَامٌ أَعْسَرُ A pigeon, or pigeons, having a whiteness in the left wing. (Ṣ, O.) And عُقَابٌ عَسْرَآءُ An eagle whose feathers on the left side are more numerous than those on the right: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:*) and (Ṣ, O, Ḳ) some say (Ṣ, O) having, in its wing, white primary feathers. (O, Ḳ.) And عَسْرَآءُ A white primary feather; (O, Ḳ;) and soعَسَرَةٌ↓. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ; in one of my copies of the Ṣ written عِسْرَة.)

مِعْسَرٌ A man who presses his debtor, and straitens him, or puts him in difficulty. (T, TṢ, O, Ḳ.) [See 1, latter half].