Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

عَفَرَهُ, aor. ـِ {يَعْفِرُ}, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. عَفْرٌ, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb,) He rubbed it (namely a vessel) with dust: andعفّرهُ↓ he rubbed it much with dust: (Mṣb:) or the latter, he defiled, or soiled, it with dust: (Mgh:) and the former, and↓ latter, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) of which the inf. n. is تَعْفِيرٌ, (Ṣ, O,) he rolled, or turned over, him, or it, فِى التُّرَابِ in the dust: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) or he hid (دَسَّ) him, or it, therein. (Ḳ.) It is is said in a trad. of Aboo-Jahl,هَلْ يُعَفِّرُ↓ مُحَمَّدٌ وَجْهَهُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ [Doth, or shall, Moḥammad defile his face with dust, or rub his face in the dust, in the midst of you?], meaning his prostrating himself in the dust: and at the end he says, لَأَطَأَنَّ عَلَى رَقَبَتِهِ أَوْ لَأُعَفِّرَنَّ↓ وَجْهَهُ فِى التُّرَابِ [I will assuredly trample upon his neck, or I will defile, or roll, his face in the dust]; meaning that he would abase him, or render him abject. (TA.)

He dragged him, being about to roll him in the dust: and you sayاِعْتَفَرَ↓ ثَوْبَهُ فِى االتُّرَابِ [He dragged his garment in the dust]. (Aboo-Naṣr, L, TA.)

And عَفَرَهُ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. عَفْرٌ, (TA,) He cast him upon the ground; as alsoاعتفرهُ↓. (Ḳ.) You say,اعتفرهُ↓ الأَسَدُ The lion cast him upon the ground: (A:) or the lion seized him, and broke his neck, (Ṣ, O, TA,) and cast him upon the ground, and shook him about. (TA.) Andاعتفرهُ↓ He leaped, or sprang, upon him, or at him, (سَاوَرَهُ, O, Ḳ, for which شَاوره is erroneously put in some copies of the Ḳ, TA,) and dragged him, and cast him upon the ground. (TA.) [See also 2.]

عَفِرَ, aor. ـَ {يَعْفَرُ}, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. عَفَرٌ, (Mṣb,) He, or it, was of the colour termed عُفْرَة: (Mṣb, Ḳ:) or of a colour resembling that. (Mṣb.)

see 1, in four places.

عفّر قِرْنَهُ, andعافرهُ↓ فَأَلْزَقَهُ بِالعَفَرِ, He wrestled with his adversary, and made him cleave to the dust. (A.)

عفّر, inf. n. تَعْفِيرٌ, He mixed his black sheep or goats with others of the colour termed عُفْرَةٌ: (O, Ḳ, TA:) or he took white sheep or goats in exchange for black; because the former have more increase. (Ṣ, O, TA.)

And He made, or rendered, white. (Ṣ, O.)

see 7, in three places.

تعفّر الوَحْشُ ‡ The wild animals became fat. (O, Ḳ, TA.)

تعافر said of [food of the kind called] ثَرِيد, It was made white. (Ḳ. [See أَعْفَرُ, latter half.])

انعفر andاعتفر↓ It (a vessel) became rubbed with dust: andتعفّر↓ it became much rubbed with dust: (Mṣb:) or the first and↓ second, (Ṣ, O,) and↓ the last also, (O,) it (a thing) became defiled with dust: (Ṣ, O:) or the first and↓ last, he or it, became rolled, or turned over, فِى التُّرَابِ in the dust: or became hidden therein. (Ḳ.)

And one says, دَخَلْتُ المَآءَ فَمَا ٱنْعَفَرَتْ قَدَمَاىَ I entered the water, and my feet did not reach the ground. (A, TA.)

تَعَفْرَتَ He became, or acted like, an عِفْرِيت; (Ḳ, TA;) from which latter word this verb is derived, the [final] augmentative letter being preserved in it, with the radical letters, to convey the full meaning, and to indicate the original. (TA.)

عِفْرٌ A boar; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) as alsoعُفْرٌ↓: or a swine, as a common term: or the young one of a sow. (Ḳ.)

عِفْرٌ (Ṣ, A, O, Ḳ) andعَفِرٌ↓ (Ṣgh in TA in art. نفر) andعِفْرِيَةٌ↓, (A, O, Ḳ,) in which the ى is to render the word quasi-coordinate to شِرْذِمَةٌ, [I substitute this word for شِرْذِوَةٌ, in the L, and شِرْذِذَةٌ in the TA,] and the ة to give intensiveness, (L, TA,) andعِفْرِيتٌ↓, (A, O, Ḳ,) in which the ت is to render the word quasicoordinate to قِنْدِيلٌ, (TA,) [or to render it a contraction of عِفْرِيَةٌ,] andعَفْرِيتٌ↓, which occurs in one reading of the Ḳur, [xxvii. 39, and is agreeable with modern vulgar pronunciation,] (O, CK,) andعِفْرَاتٌ↓, (CK,) andعُفَارِيَةٌ↓, (A, O, L, Ḳ,) in which the ى is to render the word quasi-coordinate to عُذَافِرَةٌ, and the ة is to give intensiveness, (TA,) andعِفِرٌّ↓, (O, Ḳ,) andعِفْرِىٌّ↓, (Ṣgh, Ḳ,) andعُفَرْنِيَةٌ↓, (Ṣgh, Ḳ,) andعِفْرِينٌ↓, andعِفِرِّينٌ↓, (Lḥ, TA,) andعَفَرْنًى↓, (Lth, TA,) [respecting which last, see the latter portion of this paragraph,] applied to a man, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) and to a jinnee, or genie, (Ḳur, ubi suprá,) Wicked, or malignant; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) crafty, or cunning; (Ṣ, O;) abominable, foul, or evil; (Ḳ;) abounding in evil; (TA;) strong, or powerful; (A;) insolent and audacious in pride and in acts of rebellion or disobedience; (A, TA;) who roils his adversary in the dust: (A:) and the epithet applied to a woman is عِفْرَةٌ, (Ṣ, O,) andعِفْرِيتَةٌ↓, (Lḥ, Ḳ,) andعِفِرَّةٌ↓: (Sh, O:) orعِفْرِيتٌ↓ signifies anything that exceeds the ordinary bounds; andعُفَارِيَةٌ↓ is syn. with it: (AO, Ṣ, O:) andعِفْرِيتٌ↓ andعِفْرِينٌ↓ andعِفِرِّينٌ↓ (Zj, Ḳ) applied to a man, and as applied in the Ḳur, ubi suprá, [to a jinnee,] (Zj,) sharp, vigorous, and effective, in an affair, exceeding the ordinary bounds therein, with craftiness, or cunning, (Zj, O, Ḳ,) and wickedness, or malignity: (Zj:) orعِفْرِيتٌ↓ is properly applied to a jinnee, and signifies evil in disposition, and wicked or malignant; and is metaphorically applied to a man, like as is شَيْطَانٌ: (B:) it is applied to an evil jinnee that is powerful, but inferior to such as is termed مَارِدٌ: (Mir-át ez-Zemán:) عِفْرِيَةٌ↓ also signifies i. q. دَاهِيَةٌ [app. meaning very crafty or cunning, rather than a calamity]: (Ṣ, O:) عِفْرِيَةٌ↓ andعِفْرِيتٌ↓ are also applied as epithets to a شَيْطَان [or devil]: (Kh, Ṣ:) the pl. of the former of these two epithets is عَفَارِيَةٌ, (Kh, Ṣ, O,) or عَفَارِىُّ; (Fr;) and that ofعفريت↓ is عَفَارِيتُ; (Kh, Fr, Ṣ, O;) and that ofعِفِرٌّ↓ is عِفِرُّونَ; (Sh;) and that of عِفْرٌ is أَعْفَارٌ. (TA in art. جشم.) You say,فُلَانٌ عِفْرِيتٌ↓ نِفْرِيتٌ, andعِفْرِيَةٌ↓ نِفْرِيَةٌ; [Such a one is wicked, or malignant;, &c.;] the latter of these two words being an imitative sequent. (AO, Ṣ, O.) And in a trad. it is said,إِنَّ ٱللّٰهَ يَبْغُضُ العِفْرِيَةَ↓ النِّفْرِيَةَ ٱلَّذِى لَا يُرْزَأُ فِى أَهْلٍ وَلَامَالٍ (AO, Ṣ) [Verily God hates] the crafty or cunning, the wicked or malignant, the abounding in evil; or him who collects much and refuses to give; or him who acts very wrongfully or unjustly or tyrannically; [who will not suffer loss in his family nor in his property.] (TA.)

أَسَدٌ عِفْرٌ, andعِفْرِيَةٌ↓, andعِفْرِيتٌ↓, andعُفَارِيَةٌ↓, (Ḳ,) andعِفِرٌّ↓, (TA,) andعَفَرْنًى↓, (Ḳ, [respecting which see what follows: in the CK عَفَرْتٰى, which is wrong in two respects:]) A strong, (Ḳ,) powerful, great, (TA,) lion: (Ḳ, TA:) or العَفَرْنَى the lion; so called because of his strength: (Ṣ, O:) and لَبُؤَةٌ عَفَرْنًى, (Ṣ, O, TA,) like the masc., (TA. [or it may be in this case with the fem. ى, i. e. without tenween,]) orعَفَرْنَاةٌ↓, (Ḳ, TA,) a strong lioness: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) or the epithet, of either gender, signifies bold: from عَفَرٌ signifying “dust,” or from عَفْرٌ in the sense of اِعْتِفَارٌ, or from the strength and hardiness of the animal: (TA:) and نَاقَةٌ عَفَرْنَاةٌ a strong she-camel; pl. عَفَرْنَيَاتٌ: (Ṣ, O:) but you do not say جَمَلٌ عَفَرْنًى; (Az:) the alif [which is in this case written ى] and ن in عَفَرْنًى are to render it quasi-coordinate to سَفَرْجَلٌ [which shows that it is with tenween]. (Ṣ.)

عَفَرٌ (IDrd, Ṣ, A, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) andعَفْرٌ↓ (IDrd, A, O, Ḳ) Dust: (IDrd, Ṣ, O, Mṣb:) [like عَفَارٌ the dust of the earth: (Freytag, from Meyd:)] or the exterior of the dust or earth: (A, Ḳ:) and the surface of the earth; (Mṣb;) as alsoعَفْرُ↓ الأَرْضِ: (TA:) pl. أَعْفَارٌ. (Ḳ.) You sayمَا عَلَى عَفْرِ↓ الأَرْضِ مِثْلُهُ There is not upon the face of the earth the like of him, or it. (O, TA.) And كَلَامٌ لَا عَفَرَ فِيهِ, (Ḳ,) orلَا عَفْرَ↓ لَهُ, (TṢ, TA,) [lit., Language in which is no dust; or which has no dust; like the saying كَلَامٌ لَا غُبَارَ عَلَيْهِ “language on which is no dust;” meaning] † language in which is nothing difficult to be understood. (Ḳ.) And IAạr mentions, but without explaining it, the saying, عَلَيْهِ العَفَارْ↓ وَالدَّبَارْ وَسُوْءُ الدَّارْ [app. meaning, May the dust, and perdition, and evil of the dwelling, be his lot. See دَبَرَ]. (O, TA.)

عَفِرٌ [part. n. of عَفِرَ]. أَرْضٌ عَفِرَةٌ Land of the colour termed عُفْرَةٌ [q. v.]. (O and TA in art. عثر.)

See also عِفْرٌ.

عُفْرَةٌ A dust-colour inclining to whiteness; a whitish dust-colour: (TA:) or whiteness that is not clear: (Mgh, Mṣb:) or whiteness that is not very clear, (AZ, Aṣ,) like the colour of the surface of the earth: (AZ, Aṣ, Mgh:) or whiteness with a tinge of redness over it: (A:) the colour of an antelope such as is termed أَعْفَرُ. (Ḳ.)

See also عِفْرِيَةٌ, in three places.

عِفْرِيَةٌ: see عِفْرٌ, in six places.

The hair, and the feathers, of the back of the neck, of the lion, and of the cock, &c., which it turns back towards the top of its head when exasperated; as alsoعُفْرَةٌ↓ (Ṣ, O) andعِفْرَاتٌ↓, (Ṣ,) orعِفْرَاةٌ↓: (O, TA:) andعُفْرَةٌ↓, the feathers around the neck of a cock and of a bustard (حُبَارَى), &c.: (Ṣ in art. برل:) or عِفْرِيَةٌ andعَفْرَى↓, or عَفْرًى, [whether without or with tenween is not shown, but I think it is more probably without,] of a cock, the feathers of the neck; (Ḳ;) as alsoعُفْرَةٌ↓: (TA:) and of man, the hair of the back of the neck: (Ḳ:) or the hair of the part over the forehead: (TA:) and of a beast, the hair of the fore-lock: (Ḳ:) or the hair of the back of the neck: (TA:) and [of a man,] the hairs that grow in the middle of the head, (Ḳ,) that stand up on an occasion of fright; (TA;) as alsoعِفْرَاتٌ↓ andعُفَرْنِيَةٌ↓. (Ḳ.) You say جَآءَ فُلَانٌ نَافِشًا عِفْرِيَتَهُ, meaning Such a one came in a state of anger. (Ṣ, O.) And جَآءنَاشِرًا عِفْرِيَتَهُ, andعِفْرَاتَهُ↓, He came spreading his hair, by reason of covetousness, and inordinate desire. (ISd, TA.)

عِفِرِّينٌ: see عِفْرٌ, in two places.

لَيْثُ عِفِرِّينَ The lion. (AA, Ḳ.) So in the prov., إِنَّهُ لَأَشْجَعُ مِنْ لَيْثِ عِفِرِّينَ [Verily he is more courageous than the lion]. (AA, TA.) عِفِرِّينُ is the name of a certain place in which are lions, or abounding with lions: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) or the name of a certain country or town. (Aṣ, AA, Ṣ, M.)

A certain insert, whose retreat is the soft dust at the bases of walls; (O, Ḳ:) that rolls a ball, and then hides itself within it; and when it is roused, throws up dust: (O, TA:) the word [عفرّين] is of one of those forms not found by Sb: (TA:) or a certain creeping animal (دَابَّة), like the chameleon, that opposes itself to the rider [upon a camel or horse], and that strikes with its tail. (O, Ḳ.) [See also طُحَنٌ: and see Ḥam p. 131.]

Also ‡ A complete man; [i. e., complete with respect to bodily vigour, having attained the usual term thereof;] (O, Ḳ, TA;) fifty years old. (O, TA.)

And ‡ Resolute, or firm-minded; strong, or powerful. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ, TA.)

عَفَرْنًى and عَفَرْنَاةٌ: see عِفْرٌ, in three places.

The latter also signifies The [kind of goblin, or demon, called] غُولٌ. (O, Ḳ.)

عَفَارٌ: see عَفَرٌ.

Also A certain kind of tree, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) by means of which fire is produced; (Ṣ, O;) زِنَاد [or pieces of wood, or stick, used for that purpose,] being made of its branches: (Ḳ,* TA:) accord. to information given to AḤn by certain of the desert-Arabs of the Saráh (السَّرَاة), it resembles the kind of tree called the غُبَيْرَآء, by reason of its smallness, so that when one sees it from afar he doubts not its being the latter kind of tree; its blossom, also, is like that of the latter tree; and it is a kind of tree that emits much fire, so that the زناد made of it are excellent: (TA:) pl. of عَفَارَةٌ; (Ḳ;) or, more properly, [a coll. gen. n., and] its n. un. is with ة {عَفَارَةٌ}: (O, TA:) it and the مَرْخ contain fire that is not in any other kind of tree: Az says, I have seen them both in the desert, and the Arabs make them the subject of a prov., relating to high nobility: (TA:) they say فِى كُلِّ شَجَرٍ نَارْ وَٱسْتَمْجَدَ المَرْخُ وَالعَفَارْ (Ṣ, O, TA) In all trees is fire; but the markh and 'afár yield much fire, more than all other trees. (O,* TA.) [See also مَرْخٌ, and استمجد.] It is also said, in another prov., اِقْدَحْ بِعَفَارٍ أَوْ مَرْخِ ثُمَّ ٱشْدُدْ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَوْ أَرْخِ [Produce thou fire with markh or with 'afár: then tighten, if thou please, or loosen]. (TA.)

See also عَافُور.

عَفَارَةٌ The quality, or disposition, of him who is termed عِفْرٌ and عِفْرِيَةٌ and عِفْرِيتٌ &c.; i. e., wickedness, or malignity, &c. (Ḳ,* TA.)

عَافِرٌ andمُنْعَفِرٌ↓ andمَعْفُورٌ↓ andمُعَفَّرٌ↓ Defiled with dust: hence, العَافِرُ الوَجْهِ He whose face is defiled with dust: andهُوَ مُنْعَفِرُ↓ الوَجْهِ فِى التُّرَابِ, andمُعَفَّرُهُ↓, He has the face defiled in the dust. (TA.)

وَقَعُوا فِى عَافُورِ شَرٍّ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) andفِى عَفَارِ↓ شَرٍّ, (TA,) i. q. فِى عَاثُورِ شَرٍّ, (Fr, Ṣ, Ḳ,) i. e., They fell into difficulty, or distress. (Ṣ.) Some say that the ف is substituted for ث. (TA.) [But see عاثور.]

أَعْفَرُ Dust-coloured inclining to white; of a whitish dust-colour: (TA:) or white, but not of a clear hue: (Mṣb:) or, applied to a buckantelope, white, but not of a very clear white, (AZ, Aṣ, Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) being like the colour of the surface of the earth: (AZ, Aṣ, Mgh:) or a buck-antelope having a tinge of red over his whiteness, (AA, Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) with a short neck; and such is the weakest of antelopes in running: (AA, Ṣ, O:) or having a redness in his back, with white flanks: (Ḳ:) [in the CK, after the words thus rendered, is an omission, of the words أَوِ الأَبْيَضُ وَ:] or such as inhabits elevated, rugged, stony tracts, and hard grounds; and such is red: (AZ:) or having white horns: (A:) fem. عَفْرَآءُ: (Ṣ, Ḳ, &c.:) also applied to a she-goat, meaning of a clear white colour: (TA:) pl. عُفْرٌ. (Ṣ, A, O.)

El-Kumeyt says,

* وَكُنَّا إِذَا جَبَّارُ قَوْمٍ أَرَادَنَا *

* بِكَيْدٍ حَمَلْنَاهُ عَلَى قَرْنِ أَعْفَرَا *

[And we used, when an insolent tyrant of a people desired to execute against us a plot, to carry him upon the horn of an antelope of a whitish dustcolour, or white but not of a clear hue,, &c.]; meaning, we used to slay him, and to carry his head upon the spear-head; for the spear-heads, in time past, were of horns. (Ṣ, O.)

Hence the saying رَمَانِى عَنْ قَرْنِ أَعْفَرَ i. q. رمانى بِدَاهِيَةٍ ‡ [He sent upon me a calamity; or he made a very crafty man to be my assailant]: for the same reason, also, قَرْنُ أَعْفَرَ is proverbially used to signify ‡ A difficulty, or distress, that befalls one: and one says to a man who has passed the night in disquieting distress, كُنْتَ عَلَى قَرْنِ أَعْفَرَ ‡ [Thou wast pierced by grief]. (TA.) One says also, of him who is frightened and disquieted, كَأَنَّهُ عَلَى قَرْنِ أَعْفَرَ [He is as though he were upon the horn of an antelope of a whitish dustcolour,, &c.: meaning, upon the head of a spear]: the like of this phrase is used by Imra-el-Ḳeys. (A.)

Also عَفْرَآءُ, A ewe of a colour inclining to whiteness. (O.)

And أَعْفَرُ, Red sand. (Ṣ, O.)

[Food of the kind called] ثَرِيد made white: (Ḳ, TA:) from عُفْرَةٌ signifying the “colour of the earth.” (TA.)

عَفْرَآءُ White. (Ḳ.)

أَرْضٌ عَفْرَآءُ Untrodden land. (Ḳ, TA.)

العَفْرَآءُ The thirteenth night [of the lunar month]: (Ṣ, O:) or the night of blackness: (A:) but accord. to IAạr, اللَّيَالِى العُفْرُ signifies the white nights; (A;) and so says Th, without particularizing: (TA:) or the nights thus called are the seventh and eighth and ninth nights of the lunar month; (Ḳ;) because of the whiteness of the moon [therein]. (TA.) It is said in a trad. لَيْسَ عُفْرُ اللَّيَالِى كَٱلدَّآدِئِ The moon-lit nights are not like the black nights: some say that this is a proverb. (TA.)

مُعَفِّرٌ One whose sheep or goats are of the colour termed عُفْرَةٌ: there is no tribe among the Arabs to whom this appellation applies, except Hudheyl. (A, TA.) [Accord. to analogy, this should rather be written مُعْفِرٌ; and perhaps it is thus in correct copies of the A.]

مَعْفُورٌ: see عَافِرٌ.

أَرْضٌ مَعْفُورَةٌ Land of which the herbage has been eaten. (Ṣ, O.)

مُعَافِرٌ ‡ One who walks with companies of travellers, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ, TA,) and so, accord. to the L, مُعَافِرِىٌّ↓, (TA,) and obtains of their superabundance [of provisions]. (Ṣ, O, TA.)

ثَوْبٌ مَعَافِرِىٌّ, (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Mṣb,) pl. ثِيَابٌ مَعَافِرِيَّةٌ, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) and بُرْدٌ مَعَافِرِىٌّ, (Az,) and hence, simply, مَعَافِرُ↓, (Az, Mgh,) as a subst., (Az,) without the relative ى, (Az, Mgh,) accord. to Aṣ, (Mgh,) A kind of garment, or piece of cloth, (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Mṣb,) and a garment of the kind called بُرْد, (Az,) so called in relation to مَعَافِرُ↓, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ, &c.,) a word imperf. decl., (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) because of its being of the form of an imperf. decl. pl., (Ṣ, O,) as the name of a tribe of Hemdán; (Ṣ, O;) or as being the name of a son of Murr, (Sb, Mgh, Mṣb,) brother of Temeem the son of Murr, (Sb, Mgh,) and father of the tribe above mentioned, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) which was a tribe of El-Yemen; (Mṣb;) or as being the name of a place, (IDrd, O,) or a town, or district, (Ḳ, TA,) of El-Yemen, (IDrd, O, TA,) in which Ma'áfir Ibn-Udd took up his abode, accord. to Z: (TA;) معافرىّ is perfectly decl. because the relative ى is added to it: (Ṣ:) and it is thus formed because مَعَافِرُ is sing. in its application; whereas, in a rel. n. from a pl. used as a pl., the formation is from the sing., as in the instance of مَسْجِدِىٌّ as a rel. n. from مَسَاجِدُ: (TA:) معافر↓ should not be pronounced with damm to the م: (Mṣb, Ḳ:) and it is wrong to call the kind of garment above mentioned مُعَافِرِىٌّ, with damm, and مَعَافِرِىُّ, without tenween, and مَعَافِيرُ. (Mgh.)

يَعْفُورٌ The dust-coloured gazelle: (Ḳ:) or the gazelle, as a general term: (Ḳ,* TA:) as also يُعْفُورٌ: (Ḳ:) and the [young gazelle such as is called] خِشْف: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) or the buck-gazelle: (Ṣ, Mgh, O:) and (Ṣ, IAth, O, in the Mgh “or”) the young one of the wild cow: (Ṣ, IAth, Mgh, O:) n. un. with ة {يَعْفُورَةٌ}: (TA:) pl. يَعَافِيرُ. (Ṣ, O.)

Also A light, or an active, ass. (IAạr.)

And it is said to mean † The form of a man, seen from a distance, resembling a يَعْفُور [in one of the senses expl. above]. (L, TA.)

And One of the divisions of the night, (Ḳ, TA,) which are five, called سُدْفَةٌ and سُتْفَةٌ and هَجْمَةٌ and يَعْفُورٌ and خُدْرَةٌ. (TA.)