Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

عَنُفَ بِهِ (Ṣ, MA, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) and عَلَيْهِ, (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) with damm, (Ṣ, O,) like قَرُبَ, (Mgh, Mṣb,) or like كَرُمَ, (Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَعْنُفُ}, (MA, TA,) inf. n. عُنْفٌ (Ṣ,* MA, Mgh, O,* Mṣb, TA) and عَنَافَةٌ; (MA, Mgh, TA;) and عَنِفَ بِهِ, aor. ـَ {يَعْنَفُ}; (MA;) [and عَنَفَ, inf. n. عَنْفٌ, is mentioned as syn. with عَنُفَ by Golius and Freytag, by the latter as on the authority of the Ṣ and Ḳ, in neither of which do I find it;] He was ungentle, rough, harsh, rigorous, severe, violent, or vehement, with him, or to him: (Ṣ, MA, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA:) hence the phrase, عَنُفَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِى السَّوْقِ [He was ungentle, rough,, &c., to them in driving]: (Mgh:) andعنّفهُ↓ and عنّف عَلَيْهِ signify the same as عَنُفَ بِهِ: (MA:) you say عَنَّفْتُهُ, inf. n. تَعْنِيفٌ; andأَعْنَفْتُهُ↓; (Lth, O, Ḳ;) both meaning عَنُفْتُ عَلَيْهِ; (TḲ; [and the same is implied in the Ḳ;]) both from العُنْفُ: (Lth, O:) orالتَّعْنِيفُ↓ signifies the upbraiding, or reproaching; and blaming, reproving, or censuring: (Ṣ, O:) you say عنّفهُ, inf. n. تَعْنِيفٌ, (Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) meaning he blamed, reproved, or censured, him; (Mṣb;) or did so with roughness or harshness, and vehemence; (Ḳ, TA;) omitted in some of the copies of the Ḳ; (TA;) or did so in anger or displeasure; (Mṣb;) upbraided, or reproached, him; blamed, reproved, or censured, him with reproach. (TA.)

see 1.

اعنف الشَّىْءَ He took the thing (أَخَذَهُ [or this may mean he took to it, or set about it,]) with violence, or vehemence. (TA.) [See also 8, in two places.]

[In Ḥar p. 386, اعنفت الشىء is expl. as meaning ايتنفته اذا استقبلته: but in the lexicons I find only اعتنفته in this sense.]

[تعنّف is expl. by Golius as signifying Incommodè et imperitè aggressus fuit rem, et incepit; on the authority of the Ṣ: but it is اعتنف that has this, or a similar, meaning.]

اِعْتَنَفْتُ الأَمْرَ I took to, or set about, the affair (أَخَذْتُهُ [for أَخَذْتُ فِيهِ or أَخَذْتُ أَفْعَلُهُ]) with ungentleness, roughness, violence, or vehemence. (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA. [See also 4.]) I entered into, engaged in, did, or performed, the affair, (أَتَيْتُهُ,) not having knowledge in it: (O, Ḳ, TA:) or (Ḳ) I was ignorant of the affair; (O, Ḳ, TA;) and found it troublesome, or difficult, and hard, to do; (TA;) whence the saying (O, TA) of Ru-beh, (TA,)

* بِأَرْبَعٍ لَا يَعْتَنِفْنَ العَنَقَا *

[With four legs not ignorant of the pace termed عَنَق]: (O, TA:) and [simply] I had no knowledge in the affair: (O:) and اعتنفت الشَّىْءَ I took to, or set about, the thing, (أَخَذْتُهُ [as above],) or I entered into, engaged in, did, or performed, the thing, (أَتَيْتُهُ,) not being skilled, nor having knowledge, in it. (TA. [See, again, 4.])

Also [simply] I began, or commenced, the affair: (O,* Ḳ:) some of the Benoo-Temeem use the phrase [thus] in the sense of اِئْتَنَفْتُهُ: (Lth, O, TA:) an instance of العَنْعَنَةُ. (TA.) See also عُنْفَة.

And اِعْتَنَفْنَا المَرَاعِىَ We pastured [our cattle] upon the herbage that had not been pastured upon before, of the pasturages: (O, Ḳ: but the latter has اعتنف in the place of اعتنفنا:) an instance of the عَنْعَنَة of Temeem. (O.)

And اعتنف المَجْلِسَ He removed from the sitting-place; (Ḳ, TA;) like اِئْتَنَفَ: (TA:) Esh-Sháfiʼee, after recommending that a man when he is drowsy in the sitting-place [in the mosque] on Friday, and finds another sitting-place without his treading therein upon any one, should remove from it, says, وَٱعْتِنَافُ المَجْلِسِ مَا يَذْعَرُ عَنْهُ النَّوْمَ [i. e. And the removing from the sitting-place is a cause of scaring from him sleep]: making الاِعْتِنَافُ to be the putting himself in motion, and removing from place to place; which is like الاِئْتِنَاف [or the beginning, or commencing, anew]. (Az, O.)

اِعْتَنَفْتُ الطَّعَامَ I disapproved, or disliked, the food that I had eaten; (El-Báhilee, O, Ḳ,* TA;) it disagreeing with me. (Az, TA.) And اِعْتَنَفْتُ الأَرْضَ I disliked the land, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ, TA,) and deemed it insalubrious. (TA.) And اِعْتَنَفَتْنِى البِلَادُ, (O,) or الأَرْضُ, (Ḳ,) The country, or the land, disagreed with me, or was unsuitable to me. (O, Ḳ.)

اعتنف الطَّرِيقُ [perhaps اُعْتُنِفَ (see the part. n.)] The road swerved from the right course. (TA.)

عَنْفٌ: see the next paragraph.

هُمْ يَخْرُجُونَ عَنْفًا عَنْفًا means [They go forth one after another, or] first and then first; as alsoعُنْفُوَانًا↓. (O, Ḳ.)

عُنْفٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Ḳ, &c.) andعَنْفٌ↓ andعِنْفٌ↓ [the first of which is an inf. n.] Ungentleness, roughness, harshness, rigorousness, severity, violence, or vehemence; (TA;) contr. of رِفْقٌ. (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Ḳ, TA.) It is said of God, in a trad., يُعْطِى عَلَى الرِّفْقِ مَا لَا يُعْطِى عَلَى العُنْفِ [He gives on account of gentleness in the petitioner, what He will not give on account of ungentleness]. (O.)

عُنُفٌ, with two dammehs, Roughness, and hardness: so expl. by Lḥ as used in the saying,

* فَقَذَفَتْ بِبَيْضَةٍ فِيهَا عُنُفْ *

[And she cast forth an egg in which were roughness and hardness]. (TA.)

كَانَ ذٰلِكَ مِنَّا عُنْفَةً, andعُنُفَةً↓, i. q.اِعْتِنَافًا↓, meaning اِئْتِنَافًا [i. e. That was, on our part, a beginning, or commencing]. (Ks, O, Ḳ.)

عَنَفَةٌ A thing [app. a wheel] which, being smitten [or put in motion] by water, turns a mill. (AA, O, Ḳ.)

And The space between two lines of corn, or seed-produce. (AA, O, Ḳ.)

عَنِيفٌ Ungentle, [rough, harsh, rigorous, severe, violent, or vehement,] (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) in his affair; as alsoعَنْفٌ↓ andأَعْنَفُ↓ andمُعْتَنِفٌ↓; (TA;) [thus] as applied to a driver; (Mgh;) [and particularly] in the riding of horses; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) or who does not ride well; or who is not acquainted with the riding of horses: (TA:) pl. عُنُفٌ. (Ṣ, O.) And Hard, severe, violent, or vehement, applied to a saying, (O, Ḳ,) and to journeying, or a pace. (Ḳ.)

عُنْفُوَةٌ Such as is dried up of the [plant called] نَصِىّ, (TA in this art.,) or of the حَلِىّ, when it has become black, and old and withered, or wasted. (TA in art. عنث.)

عُنْفُوَانٌ, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) of the measure فُعْلُوَانٌ from العُنْفُ, or it may be originally أُنْفُوَانٌ, having the أ then changed into ع, (TA,) or it is from اِعْتَنَفْتُ الشَّىْءَ meaning “I began, or commenced, the thing,” (Ḥam p. 269,) andعُنْفُوٌّ↓ also, (Ibn-ʼAbbád, TA,) The first of a thing: (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or the first of the beauty and brightness thereof: (Lth, O, Ḳ:) and (Ṣ, O, TA) predominantly (TA) of youth, or youthfulness, and of plants, or herbage. (Ṣ, O, TA.) You say, هُوَ فِى عُنْفُوَانِ شَبَابِهِ [He is in the prime, spring, or bloom, of his youth]. (Ṣ, O, Mṣb.)

See also عَنْفٌ.

عُنْفُوَانٌ also signifies The juice that flows from grapes without their being pressed. (TA.)

And The force, or strength, of wine. (TA.)

مُعْتَنِفٌ: see عَنِيفٌ.

إِبِلٌ مُعْتَنِفَةٌ Camels in a district, or country, that disagrees with them, or is unsuitable to them. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.*)

And طَرْيقٌ مُعْتَنِفٌ, (Ḳ,) orمُعْتَنَفٌ↓, (so in the O,) A road swerving from the right course. (O, Ḳ.)