Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

غَابَ, (Ṣ, O, Mgh, Mṣb, TA,) aor. يَغِيبُ, (Mṣb,) inf. n. غَيْبَةٌ [the most common form] (Ṣ, O, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and غَيْبٌ (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) and غَيَابٌ, (Ṣ, O,) or غِيَابٌ, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) and غُيُوبٌ (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) and غُيُوبَةٌ (O, Ḳ) and غَيْبُوبَةٌ, (O, Ḳ,) accord. to some of the measure فَعْلُولَةٌ, but accord. to others of the measure فَيْعَلُولَةٌ i. e. originally غَيَّبُوبَةٌ, (MF,) and مَغِيبٌ (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) and مَغَابٌ; (Ḳ;) andتغيّب↓; (Mṣb, Ḳ;) He, or it, was, or became, absent; غَابَ being the contr. of حَضَرَ; (Ṣ and Ḳ in art. حضر;) or distant, or remote; (Mgh;) or hidden, concealed, or unapparent; (TA;) [or absent from the range, or beyond the reach, of perception by sense, or of mental perception: see غَيْبٌ.] You say, غاب عَنْهُ, inf. n. غَيْبَةٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, TA), &c., as above, (Ṣ, TA,) He, or it, was, or became, [absent from him; or] distant, or remote, from him; (Mgh;) or hidden, or concealed, from him; [&c.;] as alsoتغيّب↓. (TA.) And أَوْحَشَتْنِى غَيْبَةُ فُلَانٍ [The absence of such a one has made me to feel lonely]: and أَطَلْتَ غَيْبَتَكَ [Thou hast made thine absence to be long]. (A.) Andأَنَا مَعَكُمْ لَا أُغَايِبُكُمْ↓ [I am with you: I will not be absent from you]. (A.) Andبَنُو فُلَانٍ يَشْهَدُونَ أَحْيَانًا وَيَتَغَايَبُونَ↓ أَحْيَانًا (ISk, Ṣ, TA) i. e. [The sons of such a one are present sometimes] and are absent (يَغِيبُونَ) sometimes: but one does not sayيَتَغَيَّبُونَ↓ [unless with عَنْ following it]: (TA:) [it seems, however, that يتغيّبون, here, is a mistranscription for يَتَغَيَّبُونَنَا or the like; for] one says,تغيّب↓ عَنِّى فُلَانٌ [Such a one was, or became, absent from me; or absented himself from me]; (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA;) andتَغَيَّبَنِى↓ also in a case of necessity in verse, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) but not in any other case, (Ḳ, TA,) accord. to the generality of authorities except the Koofees: (TA:) Imra-el-Ḳeys says,

* فَظَلَّ لَنَا يَوْمٌ لَذِيذٌ بِنَعْمَةٍ *

* فَقُلْ فِى مَقِيلٍ نَحْسُهُ مُتَغَيِّبِى *

[thus in my copies of the Ṣ and in the TA; but we should read مُتَغَيِّبِ, whether it mean مُتَغَيِّبِى or not, as is shown by what follows: the verse may be rendered, So a delightful day, with ease and comfort, betided us: and say thou, of a place of midday-sleep whereof the ill luck was absent from me, …]: but Fr says that the word متغيّب is marfooa, [i. e. that the right reading is مُتَغَيِّبُ, meaning simply absent,] that the verse is مُكْفَأ [or made faulty in the termination], and that it is not allowable to make that word refer to مَقِيلٍ, like as it is not allowable to say مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ أَبُوهُ قَائِمٍ. (Ṣ, TA. [One might be tempted to suppose that we should read فَقِلْ; but this would not suit the context, which see in Ahlwardt's “Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets,” p. 119.])

[غاب, inf. n. غَيْبَةٌ, is also said of the mind (القَلْب), meaning † It was, or became, absent. The inf. n. (غَيْبَةٌ) is often used as meaning † Absence of mind; and particularly, from self and others by its being exclusively occupied by the contemplation of divine things: see an ex. voce شَوًى; and another voce سَكِينَةٌ.]

مَا غَابَ عَنْهُ ٱبْنُ أَبِى قُحَافَةَ † [Ibn-Abee-Koháfeh was not a stranger to it, i. e. was not unacquainted with it,] occurs in a trad. respecting a satirical saying of Hassán against [the tribe of] Kureysh; meaning that Aboo-Bekr [the son of Aboo-Koháfeh] was skilled in genealogies and traditions, and that it was he who instructed Hassán. (TA.)

And one says also, غاب الرَّجُلُ, inf. n. غَيْبٌ and مَغِيبٌ; andتغيّب↓; The man journeyed; and went away, or far away. (TA.)

And غابت الشَّمْسُ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, TA,) inf. n. غِيَابٌ and غَيْبُوبَةٌ (Mgh, Mṣb, TA) and غَيْبَةٌ (Mgh) and غُيُوبٌ and غُيُوبَةٌ and مَغِيبٌ; (TA;) andتغيّبت↓; (Mṣb;) The sun set: (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA:) and the like is also said of the moon, (Mṣb,) and of other celestial bodies. (TA.)

And غاب الشَّىْءُ فِى الشَّىْءِ, inf. n. غِيَابَةٌ and غُيُوبَةٌ and غِيَابٌ and غَيَابٌ and غِيبَةٌ, [The thing became hidden, or concealed, in the thing.] (Ḳ.)

See also 8, in two places.

غيّبهُ (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA) He caused him, or it, to become absent, or to disappear; or he hid, or concealed, it, عَنْهُ from him. (TA.) See also غَيَابٌ.

And see 8.

مُغَايَبَةٌ signifies The being absent,, &c., one from the other. (KL.) See also 1, former half.

Also The addressing words to another [in his absence,] not in his presence, not face to face; (KL;) contr. of مُخَاطَبَةٌ. (Ṣ, TA.) [You say, اغابت, inf. n. as above, He held a verbal communication with him in his absence, i. e. by means of a letter or letters, or by a messenger or messengers.]

اغابت She (a woman) had her husband, (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA,) or one of her family, (TA,) absent from her. (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA.)

see 1, in seven places.

The inf. n. تَغَيُّبٌ occurring in a trad. respecting the contract for the sale of a slave means The selling a stray slave, or one who has been found and whose owner is not known. (L, TA.)

اغتابهُ [He spoke evil of him; or did so in his absence, i. e. backbit him; (the latter being obviously the primary signification;) not always, though generally, meaning with truth:] he spoke evil of him in his absence; (TA;) or said of him, in his absence, what would grieve him (Ṣ, TA) if he heard it; (Ṣ;) with truth: (Ṣ, TA:) he carped at him behind the back, or in absence, by saying what would grieve him, (تَنَاوَلَهُ بِظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ↓ بِمَا يَسُوؤُهُ,) of what was [reprehensible] in him: (TA:) or he spoke of him imputing to him what he disliked, of vices, or faults, with truth: (Mṣb:) when the charge is false, it is termed بُهْتَانٌ: (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA:) or he attributed, or imputed, to him a vice, or fault, or the like; and mentioned him with what was in him of evil; (Ḳ, TA;) or said of him what would grieve him: (TA:) andغَابَهُ↓ signifies the same: (Ḳ, TA:) [so doesغيّبهُ↓: (see Ksh in civ. 1:) that اغتابهُ does not always signify he spoke evil of him, or the like, in his absence, appears from several instances, such as the phrases المُغْتَابُ فِى الوَجْهِ (Ḳ in art. لمز) and المُغْتَابُونَ بِالحَضْرَةِ (IAạr, TA in that art.): nor does it always signify he spoke evil of him, or the like, with truth; for the verb is used in the Ksh and by Bḍ and Jel in civ. 1 having for its object the Prophet:] IAar says thatغاب↓ is syn. with اغتاب, and signifies he mentioned a man with the imputation of good or of evil. (TA.) [It may also mean He expressed, or signified, an evil opinion of him by making signs with the side of the mouth, or with the eye, or with the head, or otherwise; as is indicated in the TA in arts. لمز and همز.]

غَيْبٌ Whatever is absent, or hidden, from one; (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA;) as though it were an inf. n. used in the sense of the act. part. n. [in which the meaning of a subst. is predominant]; (TA;) and soغَائِبٌ↓, which [in this sense] is a subst., like كَاهِلٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) or an act. part. n. used in the sense of a subst.: (MF:) anything that is absent, or hidden, from the eyes; invisible, unseen, or unapparent; whether it be, or be not, perceived in the heart, or mind: (IAạr, TA:) [or anything unperceivable; absent from the range, or beyond the reach, of perception by sense, or of mental perception; or undiscoverable unless by means of divine revelation; a mystery, or secret, such as an event of futurity;] a thing that has been hidden from men, and with which the Prophet has acquainted them, of the events of the resurrection and of Paradise and of Hell, &c.; thus in the Ḳur ii. 2; (Zj, TA;) and [hence] Zj explains الغَيْب as meaning, in the Ḳur lxxxi. 24, that which has been revealed: (TA in art. ضن:) pl. غُيُوبٌ. (Mṣb.) [See also the Ksh and Bḍ in ii. 2.] [Hence, عَالَمُ الغَيْبِ The world of the unseen; the invisible world.] And [hence also] one says, رَجَمَ بِالغَيْبِ [and قَذَفَ بِالغَيْبِ (see art. قذف)] He spoke of that which he did not know: (Ḥam p. 494:) and قَالَ رَجْمًا بِالغَيْبِ He said conjecturally, [or speaking of that which was hidden from him or unknown by him,] without evidence, and without proof. (Mṣb in art. رجم, q. v.)

And † Doubt, or a doubting: (Ḳ:) but some disapprove this: some regard it as tropical: and some pronounce it correct: (MF, TA:) pl. غِيَابٌ and غُيُوبٌ. (Ḳ.) A poet says,

* أَنْتَ نَبِىٌّ تَعْلَمُ الغِيَابَا *

* لَا قَائِلًا إِفْكًا وَلَا مُرْتَابَا *

[Thou art a prophet, knowing doubts, or things doubted; not saying a lie, nor a thing suspected: or, more probably, the meaning is, the things unseen]. (TA.)

Also A place, in the ground, that hides, or conceals, one: (TA:) a low, or depressed, place in the ground, or in a tract of land: (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA:) or any place such that one knows not what is in it: and a place such that one knows not what is behind it: (Sh, TA:) pl. غُيُوبٌ. (TA.) Hence the phrase عَنْ ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ in a verse of Lebeed cited voce ظَهْرٌ, q. v. (TA.) [Hence also] one says, سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنْ وَرَآءِ الغَيْبِ i. e. [I heard a sound, or voice,] from [behind] a place that I saw not. (A, TA.) And تَنَاوَلَهُ بِظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ بِمَا يَسُوؤُهُ: see 8. And تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ (A) or عَنْ ظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ (TA, and A and O in art. ظهر) [app. He spoke of it by memory; in the absence of a book or the like; as one says in modern Arabic, عَلَى الغَائِب. See also ظَهْرٌ.]

Also The خَمْصَة [i. e. pit, or depression, as is shown by what here follows, (thus in the A, and in the Ksh in ii. 2, in the TA حُفْرَة, which has a similar meaning,)] that is in the place where the kidney is situate, (Ksh, A, TA,) and which swells up when the beast becomes big in the belly: so says ISh: (Ksh ubi suprà:) or the خَمْصَة that is next to the kidney: (Bḍ in ii. 2: [De Sacy doubted respecting its meaning, but conjectured that it might be thus: see his Anthol. Gramm. Arabe p. 55:]) pl. غُيُوبٌ: one says, شَرِبَتِ الدَّابَّةُ حَتَّى وَارَتْ غُيُوبَ كُلَاهَا, (ISh, Ksh ubi suprà, A, TA,) meaning هُزُومَهَا [i. e. The beast drank until it concealed the pits of its kidneys]. (A, TA.)

And Fat: (Ḳ, TA:) i. e. the fat of the ثَرْب [q. v.] of a sheep or goat: so called because it is hidden from the eye. (TA.)

See also غَائِبٌ.

غَابَةٌ is originally [غَيَبَةٌ] of the measure فَعَلَةٌ, with fet-ḥ to the ع. (Mṣb.) It signifies A low, or depressed, place, or a hollow in the ground, (El-Hawázinee, Ḳ, TA,) before which, or in the way to which, (دُونَهَا,) is an eminence. (El-Hawá- zinee, TA.)

And (Ḳ) i. q. أَجَمَةٌ: (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA:) [i. e.] A bed of canes or reeds: (AḤn, Mṣb, TA:) and [a thicket, wood, or forest; like أَجَمَةٌ;] a collection of trees, (AḤn, ISd, TA,) densely disposed; so called because it conceals what is in it: (ISd, TA:) or a tall أَجَمَة, having high, or very high, extremities [app. to its canes or reeds]: (TA:) pl. غَابَاتٌ (Mṣb, TA) and [coll. gen. n.] غَابٌ↓. (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA.)

And † A long spear (Ḳ, TA) that has extremities like those of the أَجَمَة [expl. above]: (TA:) [but I think that this addition in the TA correctly applies to غَابَةٌ signifying a number of spears, like a bed of canes or reeds, or like a forest; agreeably with two of the explanations here following:] or a spear that quivers in the wind: (Ḳ, TA:) or ‡ numerous spears, like abundant and dense trees: (A:) or an assemblage of spears; app. so called as being likened to a غابة meaning an أَجَمَة of dense trees: (ISd, TA:) pl. غَابَات and [coll. gen. n.] غَابٌ↓. (TA.) One says, أَتَوْنَا فِى غَابَةٍ i. e. ‡ [They came to us] amid numerous spears, like abundant and dense trees: (A:) or غابة may be used in this case in the sense here following. (TA.)

And A company, or congregated body, of men: (Aboo-Jábir El-Asadee, Ḳ, TA:) pl. غَابَاتٌ and [coll. gen. n.] غَابٌ↓. (TA.)

غَيْبَةٌ an inf. n. [See 1, in several places.]

Also, andغَيَابَةٌ↓, A low, or depressed, piece of land or ground: so in the phrases وَقَعْنَا فِى غَيْبَةٍ and غَيَابَةٍ [app. meaning We lighted upon a low, or depressed, piece, &c.; or perhaps the meaning may be we fell into, &c.]. (Ṣ.)

See also غَيَابَةٌ.

غِيبَةٌ the subst. from اِغْتَابَهُ: (Mṣb:) it signifies [Evil speech respecting a person; or such speech in his absence; not always, though generally, meaning with truth:] evil speech respecting a person in his absence; (TA;) or a saying of him, in his absence, what would grieve him (Ṣ, TA) if he heard it; (Ṣ;) with truth: (Ṣ, TA:) or speech respecting a person imputing to him what he dislikes, of vices, or faults, with truth: (Mṣb:) when it is false, it is termed بُهْتَانٌ: (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA:) or an imputing to a person a vice, or fault, or the like; and a mentioning him with what is in him of evil; (Ḳ, TA;) or a saying of him what would grieve him: (TA:) or it may be speech imputing good or evil. (Ḳ,* TA.)

غَيِبَانٌ or غَيْبَانٌ, [accord. to different copies of the Ḳ, between which the TA does not enable us to decide with certainty, as it only states, with respect to the ى, that it is مُخَفَّفَة, which may mean either the contr. of doubled or the contr. of movent, though the former is the more general meaning, (in the TA it is said to be erroneously written in a copy of the Ḳ with a final ت instead of ن,)] andغَيِّبَانٌ↓, The roots of trees, (Ḳ, TA,) that are hidden from view: or, accord. to AḤn, the غيبان andغيّبان↓ andغَيَابَة↓, of plants, or herbage, are, with the Arabs, what the sun has not shone upon: and accord. to Aboo-Ziyád El-Kilábee, the غيبان andغيّبان↓ of plants, or herbage, and also of their roots, are what is concealed from the sun, so as to be not shone upon by it. (L, TA.)

غَيَابٌ A thing that hides, or conceals, a thing from one: (Meyd:) and hence, (Meyd, TA,) a grave; (Ṣ, Meyd, TA;) and soغَيَابَةٌ↓: (TA:) one says,غَيَّبَهُ↓ غَيَابُهُ (Ṣ, Meyd, TA) andغَيَابَتُهُ↓ (TA) meaning دُفِنَ فِى قَبْرِهِ (Ṣ, Meyd, TA) [i. e. May he be buried in his grave]: an imprecation of death against the man. (Meyd.)

غَيَابَةٌ The part of anything that veils, or conceals, one. (Ḳ.) And hence, (Ḳ,) The bottom of a جُبّ [or well]; (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA;) or this, accord. to some, is the primary signification; as alsoغَيْبَةٌ↓, accord. to one reading, in the Ḳur xii. 10; (TA;) [and غَيَايَةٌ;] and of a valley; (Ṣ, TA;), &c.: (TA:) pl. غَيَابَاتٌ. (Ḳ, TA.) [And A covert, or place of concealment, of birds. (See ظِلَالَةٌ.)] See also غَيَابٌ, in two places: and غَيْبَةٌ.

And see غَيِبَانٌ.

غَائِبٌ act. part. n. of 1 [signifying Absent; distant, or remote; and hidden, concealed, or unapparent; or absent from the range, or beyond the reach, of perception by sense, or of mental perception]: pl. (applied to men, Ḳ, TA) غُيَّبٌ and غُيَّابٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and غَائِبُونَ (Ḳ) andغَيَبٌ↓, (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ,) or rather the last is a quasi-pl. n., (TA,) andغَيْبٌ↓, [which is also properly speaking a quasi-pl. n.,] like صَحْبٌ: (Mṣb [in which غَيَبٌ is not mentioned]:) the ى in غَيَبٌ↓ remains unchanged, notwithstanding the two fet-ḥahs, because it is likened to صَيَدٌ, and, although it is a pl. [in signification] and صَيَدٌ is an inf. n., it may be used as meant for an inf. n. (Ṣ, TA.)

See also غَيْبٌ, first sentence.

Also A run in which a horse reserves [somewhat of his force for the time of need]. (A in art. شهد: see شَاهِدٌ.)

مَغِيبٌ [an inf. n.:]

[and also a n. of place and of time, signifying] The place [and the time] of setting of the sun and of the moon [&c.]. (Mṣb.)

مُغِيبٌ and مُغِيبَةٌ, (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) or you say مُغِيبَةٌ [only], with ة, and [in the contr. sense] مُشْهِدٌ, without ة, (IDrd, Ṣ,) and مُغْيِبٌ (Ḳ) andمُغَيِّبٌ↓, (TA,) A woman having her husband (or one of her family, TA) absent from her. (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA.)