Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

غَارَ أَهْلَهُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) and غار لَهُمْ, (TA,) aor. يَغِيرُ, inf. n. غِيَارٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb) and غَيْرٌ, (Mṣb, TA,) i. q. مَارَهُمْ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA,) i. e. He brought, or conveyed, to his family, مِيرَة [or a provision of corn, or wheat,, &c.] (Mṣb.) [See also art. غور.]

And He benefited them. (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA.) 'AbdMenáf Ibn-Riba El-Hudhalee says

* مَا ذَا يَغِيرُ ٱبْنَتَىْ رِبْعٍ عَوِيلُهُمَا *

[What will their loud weeping benefit, or avail, the two daughters of Riba?] meaning that their weeping for their father will not avail them aught in lieu of seeking his blood-revenge. (Ṣ, TA.) You say غَارَهُمْ بِخَيْرٍ, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He (God) bestowed upon them abundance of the produce of the earth, and rain; (TA in art. غور;) like as you say أَعْطَاهُمْ خَيْرًا: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) and so غارهم بِرِزْقِ [He bestowed upon them means of subsistence]. (TA.) And اَللّٰهُمَّ غِرْنَا بِخَيْرٍ (Ṣ, Mṣb) O God, benefit us with prosperity. (Mṣb.) And غَارَهُمْ بِمَطَرٍ He (God) watered them with rain, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) and bestowed upon them abundance of the produce of the earth. (TA.) And غَارَ الأَرْضَ الغَيْثُ The rain watered the land. (Fr, Ṣ.) [See also art. غور.]

غَارَهُ, aor. يَغِيرُهُ, (AO, Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. غَيْرٌ, (TA,) He gave him the bloodwit; (AO, Ṣ, Ḳ;) as also غارهُ, aor. يَغُورُهُ; (AO, Ṣ, TA;) مِنْ أَخِيهِ [for his brother]: and soغيّرهُ↓. (TA.) [See غِيرَةٌ.]

غَارَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ, (Ṣ,) or على ٱمْرَأَتِهِ, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. يَغَارُ, inf. n. غَيْرَةٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) with fet-ḥ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA,) and غَيْرٌ and غَارٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and غِيَارٌ, (Ḳ,) [He was jealous of his wife:] he was jealous for her (مِنْ فُلَانٍ of such a one: Mgh): [he was careful of her, to avoid suspicion: or he regarded her conduct with disdain, scorn, or indignation: (see غَيْرَةٌ, below:) or] he was angry at the conduct, or action, of his wife. (Mṣb.) And غَارَتِ ٱمْرَأَتُهُ عَلَيْهِ [His wife was jealous of him:, &c.]. (M, b, Ḳ.) [See also art. غور.] And you say also,فُلَانٌ لَا يَتَغَيَّرُ↓ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ, meaning لَا يَغَارُ [Such a one is not jealous of his wife:, &c.]. (TA.)

غيّر الشَّىْءَ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,*) inf. n. تَغْيِيرٌ, (Mṣb,) He made the thing other than it was; (Ḳ;) made it cease to have the quality which it had; (Mṣb;) altered it; changed it. (Ḳ.) He, or it, altered, or changed, the thing in odour, or otherwise, for the worse; corrupted, tainted, or infected, it; rendered it ill-smelling, stinking, fetid, rancid, rank, fusty, or frouzy. (The lexicons passim.) It is said in the Ḳur [viii. 55], ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ ٱللّٰهَ لَمْ يَكُ مُغَيِّرًا نِعْمَةً أَنْعَمَهَا عَلَى قَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ [This was because God changeth not favour which He hath conferred upon a people until they change what is in themselves: or] until they change what God hath commanded them to do. (Th, TA.)

[And He exchanged the thing for another thing.]

غيّر الشَّيْبَ He plucked out the white, or hoary, hairs. (TA.)

غيّر عَنْ بَعِيرِهِ He put down the saddle from his camel, and put it to rights, or adjusted it, or repaired it. (TA.) One says تَرَكَ القَوْمَ يُغَيِّرُونَ He left the people putting to rights, or adjusting, or repairing, the camels' saddles. (Ṣ, TA.)

See also 1, latter half.

[غَايَرَا, inf. n. مُغَايَرَةٌ, They differed, each from the other.] You say بَيْنَهُمَا مُغَايَرَةٌ Between them two is a difference. (Mṣb.) [See also 6.]

غايرهُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. مُغَايَرَةٌ, (Ṣ,) He bartered, or exchanged, with him, in buying and selling. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) And غايرهُ بِالسِّلْعَةِ, inf. n. as above, He bartered, or exchanged, the article of merchandise with him. (TA.) And غاير السِّلْعَةَ, (TA,) inf. n. غِيَارٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) He exchanged the article of merchandise. (Ṣ,* Ḳ,* TA.) El-Aạshà says

* فَلَا تَحْسِبَنِّى لَكُمْ كَافِرًا *

* وَلَا تَحْسِبَنِّى أُرِيدُ الغِيَارَا *

[Therefore do thou by no means think me ungrateful towards you; and do thou by no means think I desire the making an exchange]. (Ṣ, TA.)

اغار أَهْلَهُ [He made his wife jealous;] he married another in addition to his wife, so she became jealous (غارت): (Aṣ, AʼObeyd, Mṣb, Ḳ:) belonging to this art. and to art. غور. (TA.)

تغيّر quasi-pass. of غيّر, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) [It became other than it was;] it ceased to have the quality which it had; (Mṣb;) it became altered, or changed, عَنْ حَالِهِ, from its state or condition. (Ḳ.) It became altered, or changed, in odour, or otherwise, for the worse; turned, or turned bad; became corrupted, spoiled, tainted, infected, illsmelling, stinking, fetid, rancid, rank, fusty, or frouzy. (The lexicons passim.)

[And It became exchanged for another thing.]

See also 1, last signification.

تغايرت الأَشْيَآءُ The things differed, one from another. (Ṣ.)

اغتار He procured مِيرَة [a provision of corn, or wheat,, &c.]. (Ḳ.) You say خَرَجَ يَغْتَارُ لِأَهْلِهِ He went forth to procure ميرة for his family. (Fr, Ṣgh.)

He derived, or obtained, benefit, advantage, or profit. (TA.) See also art. غور.

غَيْرٌ signifies i. q. سِوًى [Other]: and the pl. is أَغْيَارٌ: (Ṣ:) [but غَيْر itself often has a pl. meaning, as will be seen in what follows:] or [accord. to general usage, as will be seen below,] غَيْرُ signifies i. q. سِوَى [other than; exclusively of; or not, as used before a substantive or an adjective]. (Mṣb, Ḳ: in the CK [erroneously] سِوًى.) It is used to qualify a subst.; [governing (as a prefixed noun) the noun that follows it in the gen. case;] and when so used, it is put in the same case as the noun preceding it. (Ṣ.) It qualifies an indeterminate noun: (Mughnee, Mṣb:) you say جَآءَنِى رَجُلٌ غَيْرُكَ [A man, other than, or not, thou, came to me]: (Mṣb:) and نَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا غَيْرَ ٱلَّذِى كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ [We will in that case do good, other than, or not, what we used to do: (Ḳur xxxv. 34:)]: (Mughnee:) and مِنْ مَآءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ [Of water other than, or not, altered in taste and colour]. (Ḳur xlvii. 16.) It is a noun necessarily prefixed, as to the sense, to a noun which it governs in the gen. case: but sometimes it is without the latter, when the meaning is understood and it is preceded by لَيْسَ, (Mughnee, Ḳ,) or by لَا: (Ḳ:) [in which case it signifies Any other person or thing; any person or thing beside, or else:] you say قَبَضْتُ عَشَرَةً لَيْسَ غَيْرُهَا [I received ten; not other than they was received by me; i. e., not any other thing; or not anything beside, or else]; (Mughnee, Ḳ;) the enunciative, مَقْبُوضًا, being suppressed: (Mughnee:) and ليس غَيْرَهَا, (Mughnee, Ḳ;) the noun [of ليس] being understood; i. e., لَيْسَ المَقْبُوضُ غَيْرَهَا: (Mughnee:) and ليس غَيْرَ; in which the affixed noun [for المضاف, in the Ḳ, I read المضاف اليه, as in the Mughnee,] is suppressed, and the noun [of ليس] is also understood: (Mughnee, Ḳ:) and ليس غَيْرُ; (Mughnee, Ḳ;) in which, accord. to Mbr, and the later authors, غير is indecl., being likened to قَبْلُ and بَعْدُ, so that it may be either the noun or the enunciative [of ليس] or, accord. to Akh, it is decl., because it is not a noun of time like قَبْلُ and بَعْدُ, nor of place like فَوْقُ and تَحْتُ, but like كُلٌّ and بَعْضٌ, so that it is the noun [of ليس], and the enunciative is suppressed; (Mughnee;) or it may be either indecl. or decl., (Mughnee, Ḳ,) accord. to Ibn-Kharoof: (Mughnee:) and ليس غَيْرًا, and ليس غَيْرٌ; (Mughnee, Ḳ;) in both which cases it is decl., as though the affixed noun were mentioned: (Mughnee:) and لَا غَيْرُ; for the saying, [which we find in the Mughnee,] app. taken from a statement of Seer, that this is incorrect, is not good, since it occurs in the following verse, cited by Ibn-Málik;

* جَوَابًا بِهِ تَنْجُو ٱعْتَمِدْ فَوَرَبِّنَا *

* لَعَنْ عَمَلٍ أَسْلَفْتَ لَا غَيْرُ تُسْأَلُ *

[Aim thou at having an answer by which thou mayest be safe; for, by our Lord, respecting an action which thou shalt have done before, not any other thing, or not anything beside or else, thou wilt be asked]. (Ḳ.)

It does not become determinate by its being prefixed to another noun, because it is very vague: but it is also applied as an epithet to a determinate noun which is near to being indeterminate; as in صِرَاطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ [The way of those upon whom Thou hast conferred favour; the other than, or those who are not, the objects of anger; (Ḳur i. 6 and 7;)] because the noun rendered determinate by the art. ال denoting a genus is near to being indeterminate, and because when غير occurs between two contraries its vagueness becomes weakened, (Mughnee, Ḳ,*) or altogether departs: (Ḳ:) or it is here applied as an epithet to a determinate noun because it resembles a determinate noun in its being prefixed to such a noun: (Mṣb:) Az says that غير is here in the gen. case because it is an epithet to الذين; and that it may be an epithet to [what is technically termed in this instance] a determinate noun [as having the article ال prefixed to it] because الذين has not [in itself] a direct meaning (لِأَنَّ الَّذِينَ غَيْرُ مَصْمُودٍ صَمْدُهُ), [it being merely a conjunct noun, the meaning of which is determined by what follows it,] notwithstanding it has the art. ال prefixed to it: Abu-l-ʼAbbás says that Fr holds الذين to have the office of an indeterminate noun; and غير to be an epithet of it; not of any other noun; but that غير, accord. to some, may be an epithet relating to the nouns implied in انعمت عليهم, these not having a direct meaning: Akh says that غير [with what follows] is a substitute [for الذين with what follows], as though the meaning were صِرَاطَ غَيْرِ المَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ [the way of those who are not the objects of anger]. (TA.) The reading غَيْرَ is also related, on the authority of Ibn-Ketheer, in the accus. case, as a denotative of state, [meaning they being not the objects of anger,] relating to the pronoun governed in the gen. case by the prep. [in عليهم]; or by أَعْنِى [I mean] understood; or as an exceptive, [accord. to a usage to be explained below,] if the favours be interpreted as conferred in common upon the two classes of persons. (Bḍ.)

As it resembles a determinate noun in its being prefixed to a determinate noun, [as المغضوب in the above-cited passage of the Ḳur,] some have presumed to prefix to it the article ال: but against this it may be urged, that its prefixion to a determinate noun is not to render the expression determinate, but for specification; and ال does not imply specification. (Mṣb.)

In the following verse of Hassán,

* أَتَانَا فَلَمْ نَعْدِلْ سِوَاهُ بِغَيْرِهِ *

* نَبِىٌّ بَدَا فِى ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ هَادِيَا *

the meaning is, [A prophet came to us, who appeared in the darkness of night, a director in the right way,] and we did not weigh another than him with another than the other, i. e., with him. (Mughnee.)

[وَغَيْرُ ذٰلِكَ is a phrase of frequent occurrence, meaning Et cœtera.]

غَيْرُ is also used in the sense of لَيْسَ [He, or it, is not]; as in the phrase كَلَامُ ٱللّٰهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ [The word of God is not created], syn. لَيْسَ بِمَخْلُوقٍ. (Az, TA.)

It is also used in the sense of لَا [meaning Not, as used before a participle]; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) and then it is in the accus. case, as a denotative of state; (Ṣ;) as in the phrase فَمَنِ ٱضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) in the Ḳur [ii. 168, and other places], (Ṣ,) i. e., جَائِعًا لَا بَاغِيًا [But whosoever is necessitated, being hungry, not transgressing the due bounds]. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

It is also used as an exceptive, (Ṣ, Mughnee,) in the sense of إِلَّا [Except; save; or but]; (Mṣb, Ḳ;) and then it is put in the same case in which the word following إِلَّا would be put in the same phrase, (Ṣ, Mughnee, Mṣb, Ḳ,) because it is originally a qualificative, and its use as an exceptive is adventitious: (Ṣ:) therefore you say جَآءَ القَوْمُ غَيْرَ زَيْدٍ [The people came, except Zeyd]; and مَا جَآءَنِى أَحَدٌ غَيْرَ زَيْدٍ and غَيْرُ زَيْدٍ [Not any one came to me, except Zeyd]: (Mṣb, Ḳ:) or its case depends upon the governing words, so that you say مَا قَامَ غَيْرُ زَيْدٍ [No one stood, except Zeyd], and مَا رَأَيْتُ غَيْرَ زَيْدٍ [I saw not any, except Zeyd]: (Mṣb:) but Fr says that some of the Benoo-Asad and Kudá'ah put غير in the accus. case, when used in the sense of إِلَّا, whether the phrase before it be complete or incomplete; saying مَا جَآءَنِى غَيْرَكَ [Not any one came to me, except thou], and ما جاءنى أَحَدٌ غَيْرَكَ [Not any one came to me, except thou]: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) and AA says that when غير has the place of إِلَّا, it is put in the accus. case. (Mṣb.) In the saying لَا إِلٰهَ غَيْرُ ٱللّٰهِ [There is no deity other than God], غير is in the nom. case because it is the enunciative of لا; but it may be put in the accus. case, as meaning إِلَّا. (Mṣb.) When, as an exceptive, it is prefixed to an indecl. word [and not preceded by a prep.], it may be itself indecl., with fet-ḥ for its termination; as in the following verse;

* لَمْ يَمْنَعِ الشُّرْبَ مِنْهَا غَيْرَ أَنْ نَطَقَتْ *

* حَمَامَةٌ فِى غُصُونٍ ذَاتِ أَوْقَالِ *

[Nought prevented the drinking from it, except that a pigeon cooed, upon branches having اوقال, which app. means stumps of cut shoots]. (Mughnee, Ḳ.) [See also an ex. (of غَيْرَ أَنَّ) in a verse cited voce بَيْدَ.]

[It is often used with a prep.; as in بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ Without reckoning; (Ḳur ii. 208, &c.;) and مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوْءٍ Without leprosy. (Ḳur xx. 23, &c.)]

غَيْرٌ (JK, Ḳ) and (JK) غِيَرٌ↓ (JK, Ṣ) signifying The act of altering, or changing, i. q. تَغْيِيرٌ, (JK,) are substs. from غَيَّرَهُ; (Ṣ with respect to the latter, and Ḳ with respect to the former;) not inf. ns., as having no unaugmented verb. (TA.)

[Hence,]غِيَرُ↓ الدَّهْرِ, the former of these two words being of the same measure as عِنَب, The accidents, or casualties, of time or fortune, which alter, or change, things: (Ḳ:) [or alteration, or change, of time or of fortune; for] IAmb says, with respect to the saying لَا أَرَانِى ٱللّٰهُ بِكَ غِيَرًا [May God not show me, in thee, alteration of state], that غِيَرٌ is from تَغَيُّرُ الحَالِ, a subst. like قِطَعٌ [as meaning “a portion of the night”]; or that it may be a pl., of which the sing. is غِيْرَةٌ↓. (TA.)

[Hence also,] بَنَاتُ غَيْرٍ [orغِيَرٍ↓, as in Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 309,] ‡ Lying: or a lie, or falsehood: syn. كَذِبٌ: (TṢ, Ḳ:) or [rather] lies. (JK, A.) You say جَآءَ بِبَنَاتِ غَيْرٍ [orغِيَرٍ↓] ‡ He uttered lies. (A.)

غَيْرَةٌ [Jealousy;] a man's dislike of another's participating in that which is his [the former's] right: (Kull p. 268:) or care of what is sacred, or inviolable, to avoid suspicion: or disdain; scorn; or indignation: syn. حَمِيَّةٌ and أَنَفَةٌ: (TA:) or anger at the conduct, or action, of a wife. (Mṣb.) [See 1, last signification.]

غِيرَةٌ A provision of corn, or wheat,, &c., which a man procures for himself; syn. مِيرَةٌ; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) as alsoغِيَارٌ↓: (TA:) [or the latter is probably syn. with مِيرَةٌ used in the sense of an inf. n.:] pl. of the former غِيَرٌ. (Mṣb.) [See art. غور.]

See also غَيْرٌ, last sentence but two.

Also A bloodwit; (AA, Ṣ, Ḳ;) syn. دِيَةٌ: (AA, Ṣ:*) and غِوَرٌ is a dial. var. thereof: (TA in art. غور:) pl. غِيَرٌ↓: (AA, Ṣ, Ḳ:) or, as some say, this is a sing., (Ṣ, TA,) of the masc. gender; (TA;) and the pl. is أَغْيَارٌ: (Ṣ, TA:) and the دِيَة is said to be termed غِيَرٌ because it is a substitute for retaliation. (TA.)

غِيَارٌ The cognizance, or badge, of the free nonmuslim subjects of a Muslim government; such as the زُنَّار [or waist-belt] (Mgh, Ḳ) to the Magians, (Mgh,) and the like: (Mgh, Ḳ:) or, as some say, the cognizance, or badge, of the Jews. (TA.)

كَلامٌ بِغِيَارِهِ † Speech, or language, having its own proper guise; not altered therefrom. (Mṣb in جلف.)

See also غِيرَةٌ.

غَيُورٌ andغَيْرَانُ↓ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) andغَيَّارٌ↓ (TA) andمِغْيَارٌ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ) epithets [all of which are intensive] from غَارَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) i. e., from الغَيْرَةُ: (TA:) [Very jealous:, &c.: see غَيْرَةٌ:] and غَيُورٌ and غَيْرَى (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and غَيَّارَةٌ (TA) signify the same applied to a woman: (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ:) the pl. of غَيُورٌ is غُيُرٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) masc. and fem., (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and he who says رُسْلٌ [for رُسُلٌ] says غُيْرٌ [or غِيرٌ?]; (TA;) and of غَيْرَانُ↓, غَيَارَى and غُيَارَى; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) and of غَيْرَى, also, غَيَارَى (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and غُيَارَى; (Mṣb;) and of مِغْيَارٌ↓, مَغَايِيرُ. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

أَغْيَرُ مِنَ الحُمَّى [More jealous than fever:] because a fever cleaves fast to its patient, like as a very jealous woman cleaves to her husband. (TA.)

أَرْضٌ مَغِيرَةٌ andمَغْيُورَةٌ↓, Land watered: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or rained upon: (TA:) the former [like the latter] is with fet-ḥ to the م. (Ṣ.)

مُغَيِّرٌ One who puts down the furniture of his camel from off him, to relieve and ease him. (TA.)