Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

فَزِعَ, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and فَزَعَ, (Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَفْزَعُ}, of the former verb, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) and of the latter also, (Ḳ,) inf. n. فَزَعٌ, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) which is of the former verb, (Ṣ,* O, Mṣb, TA,) and [of the latter verb] فَزْعٌ [فَزَعًا in the CḲ being a mistake for فَزْعًا] and فِزْعٌ (Ḳ, TA,) He feared; or was, or became, in fear, afraid, frightened, or terrified; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA;) and soتفزّع↓: (TA in art. روع:) you say, فَزِعَ مِنْهُ he feared him, or it; or was, or became, in fear,, &c., of him, or it: (MA, Mṣb, TA:) accord. to Er-Rághib, فَزَعٌ signifies a shrinking, and an aversion, that comes upon a man, from a thing causing fear or fright; and is a kind of جَزَع [q. v.]; and one should not say فَزِعْتُ مِنَ ٱللّٰهِ like as one says خِفْتُ مِنْهُ: or, as Mbr says, in the “Kámil,” its primary signification is the fearing, or being in fear or afraid or frightened or terrified: then, by a metonymical application, it signifies a people's going forth quickly to repel an enemy, or the like, that has come upon them suddenly; and this meaning has become [conventionally regarded as] proper. (TA.)

فَزَعٌ signifies also The seeking, or demanding, aid, or succour: (Az, Ḳ, TA:) and the aiding, or succouring; (Az, Ṣ, O, Ḳ, TA;) this latter being likewise a signification of إِفْزَاعٌ↓: (Ṣ, O:) an ex. of the former word (Ṣ, O, TA) in the latter sense (O, TA) occurs in the saying of the Prophet to the Ansár, إِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْثُرُونَ عِنْدَ الفَزَعِ وَتَقِلُّونَ عِنْدَ الطَّمَعِ [Verily ye are many on the occasion of aiding, or succouring, and ye are few on the occasion of coveting, or greed]; (Ṣ, O, TA;) or in this saying the implied meaning may be, on the occasion of men's betaking themselves to you in fear (عِنْدَ فَزَعِ النَّاسِ إِلَيْكُمْ) in order that ye may aid or succour them [which is virtually the same as their seeking your aid or succour]: (TA:) thus [it is said] فَزَعٌ has two contr. significations: (Ḳ:) and both of these significations are expressed by the verb فَزِعَ: (O:) you say فَزِعَ إِلَيْهِ and فَزِعَ مِنْهُ; (Ḳ in continuation of what has been last cited therefrom above, and TA; [app. meant to indicate that both of these phrases signify he sought, or demanded, aid, or succour, of him; and he aided, or succoured, him; or that the former phrase has the former signification; and the latter phrase, the latter signification; though accord. to the TḲ, both phrases have the former signification, and the former phrase has also the latter signification;]) but you should not say فَزَعَهُ, (Ḳ, TA,) i. e. like مَنَعَهُ: (TA:) [or] from الفَزَعُ as signifying “fear,” or “fright,” you say فَزِعْتُ إِلَيْكَ and فَزِعْتُ مِنْكَ; [app. meant to indicate that the former phrase signifies I betook myself to thee in fear, which is a meaning thereof well known, and nearly agreeing with an explanation of the verb followed by إِلَيْهِ which will be found below in this paragraph; and that the latter phrase signifies I feared thee, or I was, or became, in fear,, &c., of thee, the only meaning, of this phrase, for which I find any explicit authority, and one for which I have given three authorities in the first sentence of this art.;] but you should not say فَزِعْتُكَ: (Ṣ: [thus in my copies, فَزِعْتُكَ, not فَزَعْتُكَ:]) or فَزِعَ إِلَيْهِمْ signifies he sought, or demanded, of them, aid, or succour; and فَزَعَهُمْ and فَزِعَهُمْ signify he aided, or succoured, them, syn. أَغَاثَهُمْ [in the CK اَعانَهُمْ] and نَصَرَهُمْ, likeأَفْزَعَهُمْ↓: (Ḳ, TA:) accord. to IB, فَزِعْتُهُ meaning أَغَثْتُهُ is originally فَزِعْتُ له [primarily signifying I feared, or became in fear, &c., for him]; then the ل was dropped; for one says فَزِعْتُهُ and فَزِعْتُ لَهُ: (TA:) or فَزِعَ, like فَرِحَ, signifies اِنْتَصَرَ: (Ḳ: [thus in the copies of the Ḳ, and hence in the TA, app. a mistranscription for اِسْتَنْصَرَ, he sought, or demanded, aid, or aid against an enemy:]) and فَزِعَ إِلَيْهِ he betook himself, or had recourse, to him, or it, for refuge, protection, or preservation, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) by reason of fear, or fright, (Ṣ,) and sought, or demanded, aid, or succour, by him, or it; whence, in a trad. respecting the eclipse of the sun, فَٱفْزَعُواإِلَى الصَّلَاة i. e. Then betake yourselves,, &c., to prayer, and seek, or demand, aid, or succour, by it. (TA.)

فَزِعَ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ means He became roused from his sleep; (O, Ḳ;) because he who is roused is not free from some fear, or fright: occurring in a trad. in this sense. (O.) And one says, فَزِعْتُ بِمَجِىْءِ فُلَانٍ, meaning I prepared [or roused] myself by reason of the coming of such a one, by a change of state, or condition, like as the sleeper passes from the state of sleeping to that of waking. (TA.)

فَزَعَهُ in the phraseفَازَعَهُ↓ فَفَزَعَهُ means He exceeded him in fear, or fright. (TA.)

فُزِعَ عَنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ: see the next paragraph {2}.

فزّعهُ: see 4.

[It also app. signifies He made a fearful event, or fearful events, to befall him: see its pass. part. n. below.]

فَزَّعَ عَنْهُ He removed from him fear, or fright: (O, in two places:) it is implied by the context in the Ḳ thatافزع↓ عنه has this meaning; but in the O and other lexicons it is فَزَّعَ. (TA.) And فُزِّعَ عَنْهُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَفْزِيعٌ, (Ḳ,) Fear, or fright, was removed from him. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) It is said in the Ḳur [xxxiv. 22], حَتَّى إِذَافُزِّعَ عَنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ, meaning Until, when fear, or fright, shall be removed from their hearts: (Ṣ, O:) this is the common reading: another reading is فَزَّعَ, i. e. فَزَّعَ ٱللّٰهُ: and El-Ḥasan reads فُزِعَ↓: and he says that in this reading and the first, the prep. with its noun are [regarded as supplying the place of the agent and therefore virtually] in the nom. case, as in the phrase سِيرَ عَنِ البَلَدِ: (TA:) some read فُرِّغَ [q. v.]: (O and TA in art. فرغ:) and ʼEesà Ibn-ʼOmar is related to have read إِذَا ٱفْرَنْقَعَ. (TA in art. فرقع.)

فازعهُ فَفَزَعَهُ [He vied with him in fear, or fright,] and he exceeded him therein. (TA. See 1, last sentence but one.)

افزعهُ, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. إِفْزَاعٌ, (Ṣ, O,) He made him to fear, or to be afraid; frightened him; or terrified him; (Ṣ,* O,* Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoفزّعهُ↓, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَفْزِيعٌ. (Ṣ, O.) And you say, يُفْزَعُ مِنْهُ [One is made to fear, or be afraid of, or is frightened, or terrified, at, it, or him], (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) and مِنْ أَجْلِهِ [on account of him, or for the sake of him], (O, Ḳ,) and بِهِ [by him, or by means of him]. (O.)

[Hence,] He housed him from his sleep. (Ḳ, TA. [See 1, last quarter.])

Also He aided, or succoured, him. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) See 1, former half; and again, in the latter half.

See also 2.

فَزَعٌ Fear, or fright: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) originally (Ṣ) an inf. n.; but notwithstanding this, (Ṣ,* O, Ḳ,) sometimes, (Ṣ, O,) having a pl., which is أَفْزَاعٌ. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.)

[And, as seems to be indicated by an explanation of مُفَزَّعٌ (q. v.), A fearful event: pl. as above.]

فَزِعٌ Fearing; being afraid or frightened or terrified; (Er-Rághib, MA, Mṣb, TA;) thus in a verse cited voce ظُنْبُوبٌ; (Er-Rághib, TA;) andمُفَازِعٌ↓ is syn. therewith: (O, Ḳ:) and one says alsoرَجُلٌ فَازِعٌ↓, pl. فَزَعَةٌ; andمَفْزُوعٌ↓; meaning a man put in fear; made afraid; frightened, or terrified. (TA.) And In a state of disquiet, disturbance, or agitation: whence an extraordinary reading, of four readers, in the Ḳur xxviii. 9, [i. e. فَزِعًا] for فَارِغًا, relating to the heart of the mother of Moses, meaning in a state of disquiet,, &c., almost quitting its pericardium. (TA.) It has no broken pl.; its only pl. being فَزِعُونَ. (TA.)

Also Seeking, or demanding, aid, or succour; and Ṣgh thus explains it [in the O] as used in the verse above mentioned; but Er-Rághib says that this is an explanation of the intended meaning, not of the literal signification: (TA:) and it has also the contr. meaning, aiding, or succouring; thus being trans., though of the measure فَعِلٌ; but it may be altered from فَازِعٌ↓, like as حَذِرٌ is [said to be] altered from حَاذِرٌ. (IB, TA,)

فُزْعَةٌ A man whom one is made to fear, of whom one is made afraid, or at whom one is frightened: (O, Ḳ:) [like مَفْزَعَةٌ as expl. by Lth and others:] and by whom, or by means of whom, one is made afraid, or frightened. (O.)

فَزَعَةٌ sing. of فَزَعَات in the phrase فَزَعَاتُ الرُّوعِ [app. meaning The fears, or frights, of the heart]. (TA. [The sing., as well as the pl., is there said to be thus, بِالتَّحْرِيك; but if the former be, as I think it is, an inf. n. un., it should by rule beفَزْعَةٌ↓.])

فُزَعَةٌ One who fears men, or is frightened at them: (Ḳ:) or one who fears, or is frightened, much, or often; (O;) [and] soفَزَّاعَةٌ↓. (TA. [But see what next follows.])

فَزَّاعَةٌ One who makes men to fear, or frightens them, much, or often. (O, Ḳ.) See also فُزَعَةٌ.

مَفْزَعٌ i. q. مَلْجَأْ [as meaning A refuge, i. e. a place to which, or a person to whom, one betakes himself, or has recourse, for refuge, protection, or preservation,] (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) on the occasion of the befalling of an affliction or a calamity; (TA;) applied to a sing. and a pl. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ) and a dual (Ṣ, O) and a masc. and a fem.; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) one says, فُلَانٌ مَفْزَعٌ لِلنَّاسِ Such a one is a refuge to men when an event comes upon them suddenly, and هُمَامَفْزَعٌ لِلنَّاسِ, and هُمْ مَفْزَعٌ, &c.; (Ṣ, O;) andمَفْزَعَةٌ↓ is the same in signification and in its applications; (Ḳ;) expl. by IF as signifying a place to which one who is in fear, or frightened, betakes himself, or has recourse, for refuge, protection, or preservation: (TA:) or مَفْزَعٌ signifies one of whom aid, or succour, is sought, or demanded: (Ḳ:) andمَفْزَعَةٌ↓, [a cause of fear or fright; being a word of the class of مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ; i. e.] a thing that one is made to fear, or at which one is frightened; (Ṣ;) or a person whom one is made to fear, or at whom one is frightened; [like فُزْعَةٌ;] or on account of whom, or for the sake of whom, one is made to fear, or is frightened: (Lth, O, Ḳ:) you say, فُلَانٌ لَنَا مَفْزَعَةٌ [Such a one is to us a person whom we are made to fear,, &c.], and in like manner you say of a female, and of a pl. number. (O.)

مُفَزَّعٌ Cowardly; (Fr, O, Ḳ;) as being made to fear, or to be frightened at, everything: (Fr, O:) and courageous; (Fr, O, Ḳ;) as being one the like of whom fearful events are made to befall (بِمِثْلِهِ تُنْزَلُ الأَفْزَاعُ). (Fr, O. [But what here follows suggests another reason, and I think a better, for the latter meaning.]) مُفَزَّعَةٌ applied by ʼAmr Ibn-Maadee-Kerib as an epithet to his اِسْت, in replying to a threat of El-Ash-'ath, who had said to him, لَوْ دَنَوْتَ لَأُضَرِّطَنَّكَ, means Secure from being overcome by fear, or fright, and [therefore] not lax so as to break wind [in consequence of fear]; being from فَزَّعَ عَنْهُ meaning “he removed fear, or fright, from him;” or it may be for the same reason as that for which مُفَزَّعٌ is applied to a courageous man. (O.)