Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

كَبَدَهُ, (aor. ـِ {يَكْبِدُ} AZ, L, Ḳ, and ـُ L, Ḳ, inf. n. كَبْدٌ, L,) He, or it, hit, or smote, or hurt, his كَبِد [or liver]: (AZ, Ṣ, IḲṭṭ, L:) or struck it. (L, Ḳ.)

كَبَدَهُمُ البَرْدُ, (aor. ـِ {يَكْبِدُ} and ـُ {يَكْبُدُ} K,) † The cold affected them severely; distressed them; straitened them: (L, Ḳ:) or, smote their livers; which only the most intense cold does. (L, from a trad.)

كَبِدَ, aor. ـَ {يَكْبَدُ}, (L, Ḳ,) inf. n. كَبَدٌ, (L,) He had a pain in his liver: (L, Ḳ) and (A, L:) or كُبِدَ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. كُبَادٌ, (TA,) he had a complaint of his liver. (L, Ḳ.)

كَبِدَ, aor. ـَ {يَكْبَدُ}, (L,) inf. n. كَبَدٌ, (Ṣ, L, Ḳ,) He was big in the belly, (L, Ḳ,) in its upper part: (L:) he (a man) was bulky in the middle, and therefore slow in his pace. (Ṣ, L.)

It (anything) was big, or large, and thick, in the middle. (L.)

See 5.

كابد الأَمْرَ, (inf. n. مُكَابَدَةٌ and كِبَادٌ, L, Ḳ,) ‡ He endured the thing; struggled, or contended, with, or against, it; struggled or contended with, or against, its difficulty, or severity; syn. قَاسَاهُ, (L, Ḳ,) or قَاسَى شِدَّتهُ; (Ṣ;) he endured, or struggled, or contended, with or against, its difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience; syn. عَانَى مَشَقَّتَهُ: (L:) he underwent difficulties, troubles, or inconveniences, in doing it. (Mṣb.)

كابد اللَّيْلَ ‡ He (a man) braved (رَكِبَ) the terribleness and difficulty of the night. And كَابَدْتُ ظُلْمَةَ هٰذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ مُكَابَدَةً شَدِيدَةً I braved the darkness of this night with a mighty braving. (Lth, L.)

بَعْضُهُمْ يُكَابِدُ بَعْضًا ‡ [One party of them struggles, contends, or strives, against the opposition of the other]: said of adversaries in a contest, litigation, or the like. (A.)

تكبّدهُ ‡ He tended, or betook himself, or directed himself or his course, to, or towards, it, namely, an affair, (L, Ḳ,) and a town or country; syn. قَصَدَهُ; (L, Ḳ;) as alsoكَبَدَهُ↓, aor. ـِ {يَكْبِدُ} and ـُ {يَكْبُدُ}. (Ḳ, TA.)

تكبّد ‡ It (milk) became thick; (Ṣ, A, L, Ḳ;) as also any other beverage; (L;) and (the former) became thick like liver, so as to quiver. (L.)

تكبّدت الشَّمْسُ, (Ṣ, A,) or تكبّدت الشمسُ السَّمَآءَ, (L, Ḳ,) ‡ The sun became in the كَبِد, (Ṣ, L,) or كُبَيْدَآء, (Ḳ,) of the sky; (Ṣ, L, Ḳ;) became in the middle of the sky; culminated; (A;) as alsoكبّدت↓, inf. n. تَكْبِيدٌ: (Ḳ:) andكبّد↓ النَّجْمُ السَّمَآءَ the star, or asterism, [or the Pleiades,] culminated. (Ṣ, L.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce خَشَفَ.]

تكّبد الفَلَاةَ ‡ He directed his course to, or towards, the middle and main part of the desert. (L.)

كَبَدٌ ‡ Difficulty; distress; affliction; trouble. (Ṣ, A, L, Mṣb, Ḳ.) Ex. وَقَعَ فِى كَبَدٍ He fell into difficulty, &c. (A.) So in the words of the Ḳur, [xc, 4,] لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا ٱلْإِنْسَانَ فِى كَبَدٍ Verily we have created man in difficulty, &c., (Ṣ, L, Jel,) in a state in which he has to contend with the afflictions of the present life and the difficulties pertaining to the life to come: (Zj,* Jel:) or فى كبد here signifies, in a right and just state: (Aboo-Tálib, L:) or in an erect state, and in just proportion: (Fr; L:) or in an erect state, and walking upon his two legs; whereas other animals are not erect: or in the belly of his mother, with his head towards her head; in which state the child remains until near the birth, when it becomes inverted. (L.)

And see كَابِدٌ and كَبِدٌ.

كَبِدٌ, (Ṣ, L, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.,) the most chaste and best known form of the word, (TA,) andكِبْدٌ↓, (Ṣ, L, Mṣb, Ḳ,) a contraction of the former, (Mṣb,) andكَبْدٌ↓, (Ṣ, L, Ḳ,) also a contraction of the first, (Ṣ,) [The liver;] a certain black piece of flesh on the right of the lungs: (L:) fem., and sometimes masc.; (Fr, L, Mṣb, Ḳ;) or fem. only: (Lḥ, ISd, L, Mṣb:) pl. أَكْبَادٌ (Ṣ, L, Mṣb, Ḳ) and كُبُودٌ; (L, Mṣb, Ḳ;) the latter seldom used. (Mṣb)

Also, [the first,] ‡ The place of the liver, outside: (L;) the side. (Ḳ) It is said in a trad., فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى كَبِدِى, meaning, And he put his hand upon my side externally; or, upon the external part of my side, next the liver. (L.)

† The inside of an animal, altogether. (Kr, ISd, Ḳ.) Sometimes used in this sense. (Kr, ISd.)

‡ The inside, meaning a cave, or ravine, of a mountain. (L.)

كَبِدُ الأَرْضِ ‡ The interior of the earth: (Mṣb:) or the minerals (مَعَادِن) of the earth: (A:) or the gold and silver and the like that are in the mines of the earth: (L:) pl. أَكْبَادٌ (A, L) and كُبُودٌ. (L.) It is said in a trad. وَتَلْقِى الأَرْضُ أَفْلَاذَ كَبِدِهَا ‡ And the earth shall cast forth what is hidden in her belly, of treasures and minerals. (L.)

‡ The middle of anything, (A, L, Mṣb, Ḳ,*) and its main part. (L, Ḳ.)

‡ The middle of the sea. (L.)

‡ The middle of a butt for archers. (A, L.)

دَارُهُ كَبِدَ نَجْدٍ ‡ His house is in the middle of Nejd. (A.)

كَبِدٌ; (L;) in the Ḳ, كَبَدٌ↓; but none [except F] says so; (MF;) The middle of a tract of sand, (L, Ḳ,) and its main part. (L.)

كَبِدٌ; (Ṣ, A, L, Mṣb;) in the Ḳ, كَبَدٌ↓; but none [except F] says so; (MF;) andكَبْدٌ↓, andكَبْدَآءُ↓, (Ḳ,) andكُبَيْدَاتٌ↓, (Ṣ, A, L,) as though they had formed the dim. كُبَيْدَةٌ from كَبِدٌ, and then formed the pl.; (Ṣ, L;) in the Ḳ, كُبَيْدَاةٌ; but this is wrong; (TA;) andكُبَيْدَآءُ↓, (L, Mṣb, Ḳ,) dim. of كَبِدٌ, contr. to rule, like سُوَيْدَآءُ; (Mṣb;) [or dim. of كَبْدَآءُ;] ‡ The middle of the sky, (Ṣ, A, L, Ḳ,) and its main part: (L;) or [the meridian of the sky;] the middle of the sky, wherein is the sun at the time of its declining from the meridian: (L:) or the part of the middle of the sky which faces the spectator. (Lth, L, Mṣb.)

كَبِدٌ (Lḥ, L; in the Ḳ, كَبَدٌ;) † The air; (Lḥ, L, Ḳ;) as alsoكَبْدَآءُ↓. (L.)

كَبِدٌ ‡ of a bow, The handle: (Ṣ, A, Mṣb:) or the part a little above the handle, (Az, L, Mṣb,) against which the arrow goes: (Az, L:) or the part between the two extremities of the handle, and that along which the arrow runs: (Ṣ, L:) or the part [midway] between the two extremities of its suspensory string or cord or the like: (Aṣ, L, Ḳ:) [see رِجْلٌ:] or the space of a cubit from its handle: (L, Ḳ:) or each part where the thong of its suspensory string or the like is tied: (L:) in the bow is its كَبِد, which is the part [midway] between the two extremities of its suspensory string or the like; then, next to this, the كُلْيَة; then, next to this, the أَبْهَر; then, next to this, the طَائِف; then, the سِئَة, which is the curved part of each extremity. (Aṣ, L.)

فُلَانٌ تُضْرَبٌ إِلَيْه أَكْبَادُ الإِبِلِ Such a one is a person to whom men journey seeking knowledge, &c. (Ṣ, L, Ḳ.) [See an ex. in the first paragraph {1} of art. ضرب.]

سُودٌ الأَكْبَادِ [Black-livered men;] a designation of enemies, (Aṣ, Ṣ, L, Ḳ,) similar to صُهْبُ السِّبَالِ [q. v.]: (Aṣ, Ṣ, L:) they are so called because the effects of rancour, or malevolence, have [as it were] burnt their livers so that they have become black; the liver being the source of enmity. (L.)

كُبَادٌ Pain of the liver: (Ṣ, L, Ḳ:) or a disease, or complaint, of the liver. (L.) The only known word, signifying a disease, derived from the name of the member affected, except نُكَافٌ and قُلَابٌ. (Kr.) It is said in a trad. الكُبَادُ مِنَ العَبِّ, (Ṣ, L,) i. e., The pain, or disease, of the liver is from drinking water without sipping. (L.)

كَبَّادٌ A certain species of the لَيْمُون; [citrus limon sponginus Ferrari: (Delile, Flor. Aeg. Illustr., no. 748:) a coll. gen. n.: n. un. with ة {كَبَّادَةٌ}]. (TA.)

كَابِدٌ ‡ a subst. from كَابَدَ, (ISd, L, Ḳ,) [in the sense of مُكَابَدَةٌ: see 3:] as alsoكَبَدٌ↓. (MF.) Ex. of the former,

* وَلَيْلَةٍ مِنَ اللَّيَالِى مَرَّتْ *

* بِكَابِدٍ كَابَدْتُهَا وَجَرَّتْ *

[Many a night of nights has passed with a struggling against its severity: I have struggled against its severity; and it was long]. Said by El-ʼAjjáj. جرّت signifies طالت. (L.)

You also say, of adversaries in a contest, litigation, or the like, إِنَّهُمْ فِى كَبَدٍ↓ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ ‡ [Verily they are in a state of struggling, contention, or strife, against mutual opposition with respect to their affair]. (A.)

أَكْبَدُ Anything big, or large, and thick, in the middle. (L.)

كَبْدَآءُ A she-camel large in the middle: (L:) and in like manner, a tract of sand, رَمْلَةٌ. (L, Ḳ.)

أَكْبَدُ Big in the upper part of the belly: (L:) a man bulky in the middle, and therefore slow in his pace: fem. كَبْدَآءُ. (Ṣ, L, Ḳ.*)

Having the place of his liver rising, or prominent. (Ḳ.)

قَوْسٌ كَبْدَآءُ ‡ A bow of which the handle fills the hand: (Ṣ, A, L, Ḳ:) or, of which the part called the كَبِد is thick and strong. (L.)

كَبْدَآءُ † A mill that is turned with the hand: (L, Ḳ:) so called because of the difficulty, or trouble, with which it is turned. (L.)

See مَكْبُودٌ.

أَكْبَدُ A certain bird. (Ḳ.)

مَكْبُودٌ Hit, or hurt, in his liver. (Ṣ.) See مَكْبُوتٌ

Having a complaint of his liver: (TA:) andأَكْبَدُ↓ signifies the same: (A, L:) or this latter, having a pain in his liver. (L.)