Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

كَرَّ, [i. e.] كَرَّ بِنَفْسِهِ, as distinguished from the trans. كَرَّ, [aor. ـُ {يَكْرُرُ},] (Ṣ, Mgh,) inf. n. كرٌّ, (Ṣ,) or كُرُورٌ, (Mgh,) [or both,] He returned. (Ṣ, Mgh.) You say كَرَّ عَلَيْهِ, (A, Ḳ,) aor, ـُ, (TA,) inf. n. كَرٌّ and كُرُورٌ and تَكْرَارٌ (A, Ḳ) and كَرِيرٌ, (CK,) He turned to, or against, him, or it: (A, Ḳ:) he returned to or against, it: (TA:) the primary signification is the turning to, or against, a thing, either in person, or in act. (El-Basáïr.) And اِنْهَزَمَ ثُمَّ كَرَّ عَلَيْهِ [He was put to flight: then he returned, or turned back, against him]. (A.) And كَرَّ الفَارِسُ,, aor. ـُ {يَكْرُرُ}, inf. n. كَرٌّ, The horseman [wheeled round, or about, or] fled, to wheel round, or about, and then returned to the fight: (Mṣb:) [or returned to the fight after wheeling round, or about, or retiring, or being put to flight; as is implied in the phrase next preceding, from the A, and in many other examples: and simply, he charged, or assaulted: opposed to فَرَّ: see كَرَّةٌ, below.] You say also الجَوَادُ يَصْلُحُ لِلْكَرِّ وَٱلْفَرِّ [The courser is suitable, or fit, for returning to the fight, or for charging, or assaulting, and fleeing]. (Mṣb.) [And كَرَّ signifies He, or it, returned time after time.] You say أَفْنَاهُ كَرُّ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ The returning of night and day time after time caused him to come to an end. (Mṣb.) Also كَرَّ عَنْهُ He returned from him, or it. (A, Ḳ.) Andتَكَرْكَرَ↓ عَنْ ذٰلِكَ He returned from that. (TA.)

كَرَّ is also trans., as well as intrans.; (Ṣ, TA;) كَرَّهُ, (aor. ـُ {يَكْرُرُ}, TA,) inf. n. كَرٌّ, signifying He made, or caused, him, or it, to return: (Ṣ, Mgh, TA:) and [in like manner,]كَرْكَرَهُ↓ عَنْ كَذَا, inf. n. كَرْكَرَةٌ, he made him to return, or revert, from such a thing. (TA.) You say كَرَّ عَلَيْهِ رُمْحَهُ, and فَرَسَهُ, inf. n. كَرٌّ, [He turned back his spear, and his horse, against him]. (A.)

كَرَّ, aor. ـِ {يَكْرِرُ}, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and [see. pers. كَرِرْتَ,] aor. ـَ {يَكْرَرُ}, (Ḳ,) inf. n. كَرِيرٌ, (Ṣ, A,* Ḳ,* TA,) He uttered a sound like that of one throttled, or strangled: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or like that of one harassed, or fatigued, or overburdened: (TA:) or he rattled in his throat (حَشُرَجَ) in dying: (AZ, Ṣ:) or he made a sound in his breast like حَشْرَجَةٌ [or rattling in the throat in dying], (A, TA) but not the same as this latter: and thus do horses, in their breasts. (TA.) [See شَخَرَ.]

Also, He (a sick man) gave up his spirit, at death. (TA.)

See also كَرِيرٌ, below.

كرّرهُ, inf. n. تَكْرِيرٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and تَكْرَارٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Mṣb,) or, as AA said to Aboo-Saʼeed Ed-Dareer, in reply to a question respecting the difference between the measures تَفْعَالٌ and تِفْعَالٌ, the latter is a simple subst., and the former, with fet-ḥ, is an inf. n., (Ṣ, TA,) [but there are two inf. ns. of the measure تِفْعَالٌ, both of unaugmented verbs, namely تِبْيَانٌ and تِلْقَآءٌ,] and تَكِرَّةٌ, (Ibn-Buzurj, Ḳ,) [He repeated it, or reiterated it, either once or more than once:] he repeated it several times; reiterated it: (Mṣb:) or he repeated it one time after another; (Ḳ;) which may mean he tripled it, unless the “other” time be not reckoned as a repetition; (TA;) as alsoكَرْكَرَهُ↓; (Ḳ; [in the CK, كَرْكَرَةً is put by mistake for كَرْكَرَهُ;]) either by act or by speech: (MF:) it differs from أَعَادَهُ, which signifies only “he repeated it once;” for none but the vulgar say أَعَادَهُ مَرَّاتٍ; whereas كَرَّرَهُ may signify [not only the same as أَعَادَهُ, as it does in many instances, but also] he repeated it time after time: (Aboo-Hilál El-'Askeree:) some explain كَرَّرَهُ as signifying he mentioned it twice, and he mentioned it one time after another: (Sadr-ed-Deen Zádeh:) when it is used in the former of these two senses, the term تَكْرَارٌ applies to the second, and to the first [with respect to the second]: ('Ináyeh, in the early part of chap. ii.; and TA:) but its explanation as signifying the mentioning a thing one time after another is a conventional rendering of the rhetoricians: (MF:) Es-Suyootee says, that تَكْرَارٌ signifies the renewing the first word or phrase; and it denotes a sort of تَأْكِيد [or corroboration]: but it is said to be a condition of تأكيد that the words or phrases [which are repeated] be without interruption, and occur not more than three times; and that تكرار differs from it in both these particulars; so that the phrase in the Ḳur, [chap. lv.,] فَبِأَىِّ آلَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ is an instance of تكرار, not of تأكيد, because it occurs [with interruptions and] more than three times; and so another phrase in the Ḳur, [chap. lxxvii.,] وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ. (TA.) You say كَرَّر عَلَى سَمْعِهِ كَذَا [He repeated, or reiterated, such a thing, or saying, to his ear, or ears, or hearing]. (A.)

تكرّر [It became repeated, or reiterated: and it recurred]. You say تكرّر عَلَيْهِ [It (a saying) became repeated, or reiterated, to him]. (A.)

كَرٌّ A rope [made in the form of a hoop] by means of which one ascends a palm-tree; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) accord. to AʼObeyd, a name not applied to any other rope; and so, says Az, I have heard from the Arabs; it is made of the best of [the fibres of the palm-tree called] لِيف: (TA:) or a thick rope; (Ḳ;) accord. to AO, made of لِيف, and of the outer covering (قِشْر) of the [portions of the racemes of the palm-tree called] عَرَجِين and of the [portion of the branch called] عَسِيب: (TA:) or a rope, in general: (Th, Ḳ:) and the rope [or sheet] of a sail: (Ṣ:) or the rope of a ship: or the rope by which a ship is drawn: (TA:) and a قَيْد [or pair of shackles, or hobbles,] made of لِيف or of palm-leaves: (Ḳ:) pl. كُرُورٌ. (Ṣ, TA.)

The thing that connects the [two pieces of wood called] ظَلِفَتَانِ of the [kind of camel's saddle called] رَحْل, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and that enters [or is inserted] into them: (Ṣ:) [See شَجْرٌ and شَخْرٌ:] or the skin, or leather, into which the ظَلِفَات of the رَحْل enter; occupying the same place in the رَحْل as the بِدَادَانِ have in the قَتَب, excepting that the بدادان do not appear before the ظَلِفَة: (TA:) pl. أَكْرَارٌ. (Ṣ, TA.)

كُرٌّ A certain measure of capacity, (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) of the people of El-'Irák, (Mgh, Ḳ,) for wheat; (Ṣ;) well known; (Mṣb;) consisting of six ass-loads, (Ḳ,) that is, sixty times the quantity called قَفِيز, (Az, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) accord. to the people of El-'Irák, (TA,) the قفيز being eight مَكَاكِيك, [in the TA, six, but this is a mistake,] and the مَكُّوك being a صَاع and a half, which is three كِيلَجَات; so that the كُرّ, accord. to this reckoning, is twelve times the quantity called وَسْق, (Az, Mgh, Mṣb,) each وسق being sixty times the quantity called صاع: (Az, Mgh:) in the Kitáb Kudámeh, it is said that the كُرّ called المُعَدَّلُ is sixty times the quantity called قفيز, and the قفيز is ten أَعْشِرَآء: and the كُرّ called القَنْقَلُ is twice the quantity of the كُرّ مُعَدَّل, that is, by the قفيز of the معدّل, a hundred and twenty times the quantity of the قفيز; with this كرّ are measured unripe dates and dried dates and also olives, in the districts of El-Basrah; and the قفيز used for measuring dates is twenty-five times the رِطْل of Baghdád; so that the كُرُّ القَنْقَلِ is three thousand times as much as the رطل: and the كُرّ called الهَاشِمِىُّ is the third part of the معدّل, that is, twenty times as much as the قفيز, by the measure of the معدّل; with this كُرّ, rice is measured: and the كُرّ called الهَارُونِىُّ is equal to them two [but what these two are is not shown]: and the أَهْوَازِىّ is equal to them two: and the مَخْتُوم is sixth part of the قفيز: and the قفيز is the tenth part of the جَرِيب: (Mgh:) or the كُرّ is forty times as much as the quantity called إِرْدَبّ; (Ḳ;) by the reckoning of the people of Egypt, as ISd says: (TA:) the pl. is إِكرَار. (Ṣ, Mṣb.) [It is app. connected with the Hebrew כֹּר, whence the Greek κόρος (a measure containing, accord. to Josephus, six Attic medimni,) occurring in Luke xvi. 7.]

كَرَّةٌ A return. (Mṣb.) So in the Ḳur, [ii. 162,] لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً [Would that there were for us] a return to the world, or former state. And so in xxvi. 102, and xxxix. 59. (Jel.) And so in the saying of Moḥammad, ٱللّٰهَ ٱللّٰهَ وَٱلْكَرَّةَ عَلَى نَبِيِّكُمْ Fear ye God, [fear ye God,] and return to your prophet. (Mgh.)

[Hence, The return to life;] the resurrection; the renewal of mankind, or of the creation, after perishing. (TA.)

[Hence also, A return to the fight, after wheeling away, or retiring: and simply,] a charge, or an assault, (Mgh, Ḳ,) in war; (TA;) as alsoكُرَّى↓: (Ṣgh, Ḳ:) pl. كَرَّاتٌ. (Ḳ.)

[Hence also,] A time; one time; [in the sense of the French “fois”; generally repeated, or used in the pl. form, so as to denote a returning to an action, once, or more; i. e., repetition, or reiteration, thereof, agreeably with the primary signification;] syn. مَرَّةٌ: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) pl. as above. (Ṣ.) You say فَعَلَهُ كَرَّةً بَعْدَ كَرَّةٍ [He did it time after time]. And فَعَلَهُ كَرَّاتٍ [He did it several times]. (A.)

[Hence also,] A turn to prevail against an opposing party; victory. So in the Ḳur, [xvii. 6,] ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَا لَكُمُ الكَرَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ [Then we gave to you the turn to prevail against them; the victory over them]. (Bḍ, Jel.)

كَرِيرٌ, an inf. n.: see 1.

Also, A hoarseness or roughness of the voice, occasioned by dust. (Ḳ.)

كِرْكِرَةٌ The callosity, or callous protuberance, upon the breast of the camel, (رَحَى زَوْرِ البَعِيرِ, Ṣ, Ḳ,) which, when the animal lies down, touches [and rests] upon the ground, projecting from his body, like a cake of bread; (TA;) it is one of the five ثَفِنَات [of which there is one at each knee and one at each stifle-joint]: (Ṣ, TA:) or the breast of any animal of which the foot is of the kind called خُفّ: (Ḳ:) pl. كَرَاكِرُ. (TA.) حَزُّ الكَرَاكِرِ [lit. The incision of the كراكر] is when a camel has a disease, so that he is not even when he lies down upon his breast; in consequence of which, a vein is gently drawn forth from the كركرة, and then he [or it] is cauterized. Hence the following, in a trad. of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr:

* عَطَاؤُكُمُ لِلضَّارِبِينَ رِقَابَكُمْ *

* وَنُدْعَى إِذَا مَا كَانَ حَزُّ ٱلْكَرَاكِرِ *

[Your bounty is for those who smite your necks, and we are invited when there is a difficult undertaking to be accomplished, like the incision of the كراكر:] meaning, ye invite us only when ye are distressed, because of our skill in war; and on occasions of bounty, and ampleness of the means or circumstances of life, others. (IAth.)

مَكَرٌّ A place of war or fighting [where the combatants return time after time to the conflict, wheeling away and then turning back]. (Ṣ)

مِكَرٌّ One who returns often [to the fight, after wheeling away, or retiring, or being put to flight]; as alsoكَرَّارٌ↓. (Ḳ)

فَرَسٌ مِكَرٌّ A horse that is suitable, or fit, for returning to the fight, and for charging, or assaulting. (Ṣ.) And فَرَسٌ مِكَرٌّ مِفَرٌّ A horse well trained, willing, and active, ready to return to the fight and to flee. (TA.)

نَاقَةٌ مِكَرَّةٌ A she-camel that is milked twice every day. (A, Ṣgh, Ḳ.)

مُكَرَّرٌ [Repeated; reiterated].

المُكَرَّرُ The letter ر: (Ḳ:) because of the faltering of the tip of the tongue which is observable when one pauses after uttering it, occasioned by the reiteration with which that is done; wherefore, with respect to إِمَالَة, [as an obstacle thereto,] it is reckoned as two letters. (TA.)

[مُكَرَّرٌ, in the present day, also signifies Refined, as an epithet applied to sugar, &c.]