Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

نَقَصَ, (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَنْقُصُ}, (M, Mṣb,) inf. n. نُقْصَانٌ (Ṣ, M, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and نَقْصٌ, (Ṣ, M, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) or the former of these two only, the latter being the inf. n. of the trans. verb, (MṢ,) and نَقِيصَةٌ (M) and تَنْقَاصٌ, (Ḳ,) [which last is an intensive form,] said of a thing, (Ṣ, M,) intrans., (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) It lost somewhat, decreased, diminished, lessened, wasted, waned, or became defective or deficient or incomplete or imperfect, after having been whole or complete or perfect: (IḲṭṭ, Mṣb, TA:) or he, or it, lost, or suffered loss or diminution, (A, Ḳ,) with respect to lot or portion: (Ḳ:) andانتقص↓ signifies the same; (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) and so doesتنقّص↓; (TḲ, [probably from the TA,] art. أَفن;) and so doesتناقص↓: (TA:) [or this last signifies it lost somewhat, decreased,, &c., gradually; contr. of تزايد.] It is said in a trad., (Mgh,) شَهْرَا عِيدٍ لَا يَنْقُصَانِ, (Mgh, Ḳ,) i. e. Ramadán and Dhu-l-Hijjeh, (Mgh,) meaning, Two months of festival are not defective virtually (فِى الحُكْمِ) though they be defective in number [of days]; (Ḳ;) i. e. let no doubt occur in your hearts when ye fast nine and twenty days [instead of thirty]; nor if there happen a mistake respecting the day of the pilgrimage, will there be any deficiency in your performance of the rites thereof: (TA:) or, as some say, two months of festival will not be defective in one and the same year; but Et-Taháwee disapproves of this explanation: some say that the meaning is, that though they be defective, or one of them be so, yet their recompense will be complete. (Mgh.) It is also said in a trad., إِنَّ العَمَلَ فِى عَشْرِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ لَا يَنْقُصُ ثَوَابُهُ عَمَّا فِى شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ [Verily the deed that is done on the tenth of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, the recompense thereof will not fall short of that which is in the month of Ramadán: for نَقَصَ عَنْ كَذَا means It fell short of such a thing.] (Mgh.) [On the expression فِى النُّقْصَانِ, as used in grammar, see غَفِيرٌ.]

نَقَصَهُ, (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَنْقُصُ}, (Mṣb,) inf. n. نَقْصٌ, (MṢ,) [and accord. to the TḲ تَنْقَاصٌ and نُقْصَانٌ also, which last, however, is said in the MṢ to be an inf. n. of the intrans. verb only,] He made it to lose somewhat, decreased it, diminished it, curtailed it, lessened it, wasted it, impaired it, took from it, or made it defective or deficient or incomplete or imperfect, after it had been whole or complete or perfect; (Mṣb;) he made it (i. e. a share, or portion) defective or deficient: (Ḳ:) [the pronoun often relates to a man: see an ex. in art. ضوز, and another in art. وكس:] this is the [most] chaste form of the verb, and is that which occurs in the Ḳur.: (Mṣb:) انقصهُ↓ also signifies the same; (M, Mṣb, Ḳ;) and so doesنقّصهُ↓, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَنْقِيصٌ: (TA:) but these two are of weak authority, and do not occur in chaste language: (Mṣb:) andانتقصهُ↓ signifies the same: (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or this last signifies he took from it by little and little; as alsoتنقّصهُ↓. (M,* TA [in the latter of which this is plainly said of both of the last two verbs; but in the M, it seems rather to be said of تنقّصه only.]) [See an ex. of the verb followed by من voce طَرَفٌ. You say also, نَقَصَ مِنْهُ كَذَا He cut off from it such a thing.]

نَقَصَ is doubly trans.: (Mṣb:) you say نَقَصَهُ حَقَّهُ, (A, Mgh, Mṣb, TA,) inf. n. نَقْصٌ; (A, Mgh;) and in like manner,انتقصهُ↓ حَقَّهُ; (M, A,* Mgh,* TA;*) He diminished, or impaired, to him his right, or due; endamaged him; or made him to suffer loss, or damage, or detriment, in respect of it; curtailed him, abridged him, deprived him, or defrauded him, of a portion of it; (Mṣb,* TA;) contr. of أَوْفَاهُ: (TA:) [and he abridged him, deprived him, or defrauded him, of it altogether; for نَقَصَهُ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ signifies sometimes He deprived him of his family and his property altogether: as appears from the following ex.:] نُقِصَ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ وَبَقِىَ فَرْدًا [He was deprived of his family and his property, and remained alone]. (T, art. وتر.) اِنْتِقَاصُ↓ الحَقِّ also signifies The denying, or disacknowledging, the right, or due. (TA.)

See also 5.

تنقّص: see نَقَصَ.

تنقّصهُ: see نَقَصَهُ.

He attributed to him defect, or imperfection; i. e. to a man; (M;) as alsoانتقصهُ↓, andاستنقصهُ↓: (M, TA:) he attributed or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, a vice, fault, or the like; detracted from his reputation; censured him; reproached him; spoke against him; impugned his character; (Ṣ, A, Ḳ;) as alsoانتقصهُ↓: (A:) [and نَقَصَهُ signifies the same; for] IḲṭṭ says, that نقص↓ [app. نُقِصَ], inf. n. نَقِيصَةٌ, signifies طعن عليه [app. طُعِنَ عَلَيْهِ]. (TA.)

استنقص الثَّمَنَ He (the buyer, Ṣ) asked, demanded, or desired, a diminution, a lessening, a lowering, or an abatement, of the price. (Ṣ, A, Ḳ.)

See also 5.

نَقْصٌ: see 1.

[Used as a subst., Loss, or loss of somewhat, decrease, a state of diminution or lessening or washing or waning, defect, defectiveness, deficiency, incompleteness, or imperfection, after wholeness or completeness, or perfectness; as alsoنُقْصَانٌ↓; andمَنْقَصَةٌ↓ signifies the same as نَقْص as here rendered, agreeably with the explanation (i. e. of منقصة) in the PṢ., which is كَمِىْ: or, accord. to the A, مَنْقَصَةٌ seems to be syn. with نَقِيصَةٌ in the sense assigned to this last in the Ṣ, or in certain senses assigned to it in the Ḳ, which see below; and thus to be more restricted in application than نَقْصٌ]. (Ṣ, TA.)

Weakness of intellect: (M, TA:) and weakness with respect to religion and intellect. (TA.) You say, دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ نَقْصٌ فِى دِينِهِ وَعَقْلِهِ [There came upon him a weakness in his religion and his intellect]: but one should not say نُقْصَانٌ↓ [in this case]: (Ḳ:) app. because النَّقْص is “weakness;” whereas النُّقْصَانُ is only “a going away [of part of a thing] after [its having been in] a state of completeness.” (TA.)

نُقْصَانٌ: see 1:

see also نَقْصٌ, in two places.

It also signifies The quantity that is gone, or lost, of a thing that is decreased or diminished or lessened. (Lth, A, Ḳ.) You say, نُقْصَانُهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا The quantity that is gone, or lost, of it is such and such. (TḲ.)

نَقِيصَةٌ: see 1.

A defect, an imperfection, a fault, a vice, or the like; syn. عَيْبٌ: (Ṣ, TA:) or a low, or base, quality, property, natural disposition, practice, habit, or action; (Ḳ, TA;) of a man: (TA:) or a weak quality,, &c.: (IDrd, Ḳ, TA:) but the attribution of weakness to a quality, &c., requires consideration: and it seems that what is meant by lowness, or baseness, is what leads to نَقْص: (TA:) [مَنْقَصَةٌ↓, also, accord. to the A, seems to be syn. with نَقِيصَةٌ in one or another of the senses explained above; but its primary signification is probably a cause of نَقْص, like as that of مَبْخَلَةٌ is a cause of بُخْل, and that of مَجْبَنَةٌ a cause of جُبْن: the pl. of نَقِيصَةٌ is نَقَائِصُ: and that of مَنْقَصَةٌ is مَنَاقِصُ.] You say, مَا فِيهِ نَقِيصَةٌ andمَنْقَصَةٌ↓ [There is not in him any defect, imperfection, fault, or vice,, &c.]: and فُلَانٌ ذُو نَقَائِصَ and مَنَاقِصَ [Such a one has defects,, &c.]. (A, TA.)

As a subst. from تَنَقَّصَهُ and اِنْتَقَصَهُ and اِسْتَنْقَصَهُ, [or, accord. to IḲṭṭ, as an inf. n. from نُقِص, and therefore from نَقَصَهُ also, (see 5,)] it signifies The attributing to a man defect, or imperfection: (M:) the attributing or imputing to men, charging them with, or accusing them of, vices, faults, or the like; censuring them; reproaching them; speaking against them; impugning their characters. (Ḳ.) A poet says,

* فَلَوْ غَيْرُ أَخْوَالِى أَرَادُوا نَقِيصَتِى *

* جَعَلْتُ لَهُمْ فَوْقَ العَرَانِينِ مِيسَمَا *

[But if others than my maternal uncles had desired to attribute to me defect,, &c., I had set a brand upon them above the noses]. (M, TA.)

نَاقِصٌ act. part. n. of 1.

دِرْهَمٌ نَاقِضٌ signifies A dirhem deficient in weight; (Mṣb;) light and deficient: and نُقَّصٌ occurs as pl. of ناقص thus applied, agreeably with analogy. (Mgh.)

[Hence, فِعْلٌ نَاقِصٌ meaning An incomplete, i. e. a non-attributive, verb: opposed to فِعْلٌ تَامٌّ.]

مَنْقَصَةٌ: pl. مَنَاقِصُ: see نَقِيصَةٌ, in four places:

and see also نَقْصٌ.