Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

نَكِرَهُ: see 4, in several places.

نَكُرَ, inf. n. نَكَارَةٌ, [He was, or became, ignorant: or perhaps only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is used: see نَكَارَةٌ, below.]

[And, contr., He possessed cunning; meaning both intelligence with craft and forecast; and simply intelligence, or skill and knowledge: or perhaps only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is used: see نَكْرٌ.]

It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, مُنْكَر [app. here meaning disapproved; or bad, evil, abominable, or foul; or disallowed]. (A.)

Also, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. نَكَارَةٌ, (TḲ,) or نُكْرَةٌ, (TA,) It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, difficult, hard, arduous, or severe. (Ṣ, Ḳ.*)

نكّرهُ, (inf. n. تَنْكِيرٌ, Mṣb,) He changed, or altered, him or it, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, TA,) to an unknown state, (Ṣ, TA,) so as not to be known; (TA;) [he disguised him or it.] It is said in the Ḳur, [xxvii. 41,] نَكِّرُوا لَهَا عَرْشَهَا Alter ye her throne so that it may not be known to her. (TA.) See also 4, last signification but one.

[In grammar, He made it (a noun) indeterminate.]

ناكرهُ, (Ṣ, TA,) inf. n. مُنَاكَرَةٌ, (A, Ḳ,) He strove, or endeavoured, to outwit, deceive, beguile, or circumvent, him; or he practised with him mutual deceit, guile, or circumvention; syn. خَادَعَهُ and دَاهَاهُ: the inf. n. is also explained by مُرَاوَغَةٌ as well as مُخَادَعَةٌ [both of which signify the same]. (TA.)

Hence, (TA,) He contended with him in fight; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) and in war, or hostility. (A, Ḳ.) It is said of Moḥammad, by Aboo-Sufyán (Ṣ, TA) Ibn-Harb, (TA,) لَمْ يُنَاكِرْ أَحَدًا إِلَّا كَانَتْ مَعَهُ الأَهْوَالُ, (Ṣ, TA,) meaning, He did not war with any one without being aided by terror [cast into the hearts of his opponents]. (TA.) And one says, بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَاكَرَةٌ Between them two is war, or hostility, (A, TA,*) and fighting. (TA.)

انكرهُ, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.,) inf. n. إِنْكَارٌ; (Mṣb, &c.;) andنَكِرَهُ↓, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.,) aor. ـَ {يَنْكَرُ}, (L,) or it does not admit the variations of tense like other verbs, (IḲṭṭ, Mṣb,) it is not used in the future tense, nor in commanding nor in forbidding, (Lth,) inf. n. نَكَرٌ (Ḳ) and نُكْرٌ and نُكُورٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and نَكِيرٌ; (Ḳ;) andاستنكرهُ↓; (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ;) andتناكرهُ↓; (M, Ḳ;) signify the same; (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.;) i. e., He ignored, was ignorant of, did not know, failed to know, or [rather] was unacquainted with, it (i. e. a thing, or an affair, IḲṭṭ, Ḳ) or him (a man, Ṣ); syn. جَهِلَهُ; (Kr, Ḳ;) or contr. of عَرَفَهُ: (Ṣ,* IḲṭṭ, Mṣb:) [see also نَكَارَةٌ:] some, however, say, the نَكِرَ has a more intensive signification than أَنْكَرَ: and some, that نَكِرَ has for its objective complement an object of the mind; and أَنْكَرَ, an object of the sight: (A, TA:) or [the converse is the case;] نَكِرَ has for its objective complement an object of the sight; and أَنْكَرَ, an object of the mind: (Kull, p. 81:) [but both forms seem to have been generally used indiscriminately.] El-Aạshà says,

* وَأَنْكَرَتْنِى وَمَا كَانَ الَّذِى نَكِرَتْ *

* مِنَ الحَوَادِثِ إِلَّا الشَّيْبَ وَالصَّلَعَا *

[And she did not know me; and the accidents which she did not know were none others than hoariness, and baldness of the fore part of the head]. (Ṣ, TA.) And it is said in the Ḳur, [xi. 73,]نَكِرَهُمْ↓ وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةٌ [He knew not what they were, and conceived a fear, or a kind of fear, of them]: (TA:) نَكِرَهُمْ here signifies أَنْكَرَهُمْ: (Jel:) or it means أَنْكَرَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْهُمْ [q. v. infra]. (Bḍ.)

أَنْكَرَهُ also signifies He denied, or disacknowledged, it; (L, art. جحد; [and this signification, as well as the first, may be meant to be indicated by those who say that أَنْكَرَهُ signifies the contr. of عَرَفَهُ;]) [and soنَكِرَهُ↓; for] إِنْكَارٌ signifies i. q. جُحُودٌ, (Ṣ, TA,) and so نُكْرَانٌ [which is an inf. n. of نَكِرَهُ]. (TA.) [In this sense it is doubly trans.:] you say, أَنْكَرْتُهُ حَقَّهُ, meaning, I denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right. (Mṣb.) The cause of إِنْكَار with the tongue is إِنْكَار with the mind, but sometimes the tongue denies, or disacknowledges, (يُنْكِرُ,) a thing when the image thereof is present in the mind; and this is lying; as is the case in the following passage of the Ḳur, [xvi. 85,] يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَةَ ٱللّٰهِ ثُمَّ يُنْكِرُونَهَا [They confess, or acknowledge, the favour of God; then they deny, or disacknowledge, it]. (B.) See also نَكِيرٌ.

Also, He deemed it strange, extraordinary, or improbable. (MF, voce عَجَبٌ.)

[Also He denied, or negatived, it.]

[He disbelieved it.]

[And He disapproved it; he disliked it; he deemed it, or declared it to be, bad, evil, abominable, or foul; he disallowed it: so accord. to explanations of the pass. part. n., q. v. infra; and accord. to common usage of classical and of modern times.] It is said of Abraham, when the angels came to him, and he saw that their hands did not touch the meat which be had brought to them, نَكِرَهُمْ, meaning, أَنْكَرَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْهُمْ [He deemed that conduct of their's evil, or disapproved it: or, perhaps, he did not know what that conduct of their's was, or what it indicated]: نَكِرَ↓ and أَنْكَرَ andاستنكر↓ [of which last see an ex. voce تَهِمَ] signify the same. (Bḍ, xi. 73.) And you say, أَنْكَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, meaning, I blamed, or found fault with, his deed, and forbade it; I disapproved and disallowed his deed. (Mṣb:) [and I manifested, or showed, or declared, disapproval, or disallowance, of his deed: and in like manner, أَنْكَرْتُ عَليْهِ, elliptically; فِعْلَهُ, (his deed,) or قَوْلَهُ, (his saying;) or the like, being understood; like عَيَّرَ عَلَيْهِ for عَيَّرَ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ or the like: see نَكِيرٌ.]

إِنْكَارٌ also signifies The changing [a thing; like تَنْكِيرٌ]: (T, Mṣb, TA:) or the changing what is مُنْكَر [here app. meaning disapproved: see نَكِيرٌ, which is syn. with it, but is a simple subst.]. (Ṣ, TA.)

مَا أَنْكَرَهُ How great it his cunning! meaning both his intelligence, and craft, and forecast; and simply, his intelligence, or skill and knowledge. (TA.) And مَا كَانَ أَنْكَرَهُ How great was his cunning,, &c. (TA.)

تنكّر He, or it, changed, or altered, himself, or itself; or became changed, or altered; (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, TA;) to an unknown state: (Ṣ, TA:) [he assumed an unknown appearance: he disguised himself; or became disguised:] he became changed or altered in countenance by anger so that he who saw him did not know him: (Ḥar, p. 144:) or تَنَكُّرٌ signifies the changing, or altering oneself, or itself; or becoming changed, or altered; from a state which pleases one to a state which one dislikes. (T, Ḳ.)

إِيَّاكَ وَالتَّنَكُّرَ Avoid thou evil disposition. (Mgh.)

تَنَكَّرَ لِى فُلاَنٌ Such a one [became changed, or altered, in countenance to me by anger so that I did not know him; or] met me in a morose manner (A, TA.) [In art. شنف in the Ḳ, تَنَكَّرَهُ occurs.]

تناكرهُ: see 4, first signification.

تناكر He feigned ignorance. (Ṣ, A, Ḳ.)

تناكروا They acted with mutual hostility. (TṢ, A, Ḳ.)

اشتنكرهُ: see 4, first signification, and also in the latter part.

اِسْتِنْكَارٌ also signifies The inquiring respecting, or seeking to understand, a thing, or an affair, which one disapproves; (Ḳ, TA;) when one disapproves confirming, or establishing, the opinion expressed by an inquirer, or disapproves that his opinion should be contrary to what he has expressed. (TA.)

نُكْرٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andنَكْرٌ↓ [but the former is the more common] andنَكَارَةٌ↓ (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) andنَكْرَآءُ↓ (A, Ḳ) Cunning; meaning both intelligence mixed with croft and forecast; and [simply] intelligence, or sagacity, or skill and knowledge; syn. دَهَآءٌ; (Ṣ, A, Ḳ;) and فِطْنَةٌ. (A, Ḳ.) See also نَكُرَ. You say of a man who is intelligent and evil, or cunning, مَا أَشَدَّ نُكْرَهُ, andنَكْرَهُ↓ [How great is his cunning,, &c.!] (Ṣ.) And فَعَلَهُ مِنْ نُكْرِهِ, andنَكَارَتِهِ↓, He did it of his cunning,, &c. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, إِنِّى لَأَكْرَهُ النَّكَارَةَ فِى الرَّجُلِ Verily I hate cunning (الدَّهَآءَ) in the man. (TA.)

نُكْرٌ, as an epithet, applied to a thing, or an affair, Difficult, hard, arduous, or severe; as alsoنُكُرٌ↓ (M, A, Ḳ) andنَكِيرٌ↓: (TA:) and i. q. مُنْكَرٌ, q. v. (Ṣ, A, Ḳ.)

نَكَرٌ [app. Difficulty, hardness, arduousness, or severity;] a subst. from نَكُرَ, in the sense of صَعُبَ [It was difficult, &c.]. (IḲṭṭ, TA.)

نَكِرٌ andنَكُرٌ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andنُكُرٌ↓ andمُنْكَرٌ↓, (Ḳ,) epithets applied to a man, Possessing cunning; or intelligence mixed with cunning and forecast; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) and [simply] intelligent, or skilful and knowing: (Ḳ:) and so, applied to a woman, نُكُرٌ↓ (Ḳ) andنَكْرٌ↓ (L, TA [but this is probably a mistake forنُكُرٌ↓]) andنَكْرَآءُ↓, but أَنْكَرُ is not applied to a man in this sense, (Az, TA,) nor is مُنْكَرَةٌ to a woman: (TA:) pl. of the first and second (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and third, (Ḳ,) أَنْكَارٌ: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) and of the last, مَنَاكِيرُ: (Sb, Ṣ, Ḳ:) or, applied to men, مُنْكَرُونَ; and to other things, مَنَاكِيرُ [which is irreg.]. (Az, TA.)

Also, نَكِرٌ andنَكُرٌ↓ One who disapproves what is bad, evil, abominable, or foul; expl. by أَلَّذِى يُنْكِرُ ٱلْمُنْكَرَ: pl. as above. (Ṣ.)

نَكَرَةٌ a subst. from إِنْكَارٌ, (Ḳ,) with which it is syn., [app. signifying (like نَكِرَةٌ) Ignorance: or denial: or disapproval, or the like]. (TḲ,) like نَفَقَةٌ from إِنْفَاقٌ. (Ḳ.) It is said, in a certain trad, كُنْتَ لِى أَشَدَّ نَكَرَةً, (TA,) i. e. إِنْكَارًا, (TḲ,) [Thou wast to me most ignorant., &c.]

نَكِرَةٌ Ignorance,, &c., (إِنْكَار,) of a thing; (TA;) contr. of مَعْرِفَةٌ; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) and soنَكَارَةٌ↓; syn. جَهَالَةٌ; as in the phrase فِيهِ نَكَارَةٌ [In him is ignorance]. (A.) See also نَكَرَةٌ.

[As contr. of مَعْرِفَةٌ, it is also, in grammar, an epithet applied to a noun, signifying Indeterminate, or indefinite.]

نَكْرَآءُ: see مُنْكَرٌ.

A calamity: (Ḳ:) rigour, or severity, of fortune; (A, TA;) as also [its dim.] نُكَيْرَآء. (TA.)

See also نُكْرٌ.

And see نَكِرٌ.

نَكِيرٌ i. q. إِنْكَارٌ [in the sense of Denial]. (Ḳ.) It is said in the Ḳur, xlii. 46. فَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ نَكِيرٍ And there shall be for you no [power of] denial of your sins. (Bḍ, Jel.) And one says, شُتِمَ فُلَانٌ فَمَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ نَكِيرٌ [Such a one was reviled and he had no denial to make]. (A.)

[Also, i. q. إِنْكَارٌ in the sense of Disapproval, or the like: and manifestation thereof. See what here follows.]

Also, i. q. إِنْكَارٌ in the sense of The changing [a thing]: (T, Mṣb, TA:) or the changing what is مُنْكَر [here app. meaning disapproved]: (Ṣ, TA:) a simple subst. (T, TA.) The words of the Ḳur, [xxii. 43 and lxvii. 18,] فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ are explained as signifying And how was my changing [of their condition]! (TA:) or the meaning is, and how was my manifestation of disapproval of their conduct, (إِنْكَارِى عَلَيْهِمْ,) by changing favour into trial, and life into destruction, and a flourishing condition into a state of ruin! (Bḍ, xxii. 43.) In [some of] the copies of the Ḳ, it is said that نَكِيرَةٌ [but in a MṢ. copy I find نَكِيرٌ and so in the CK] is a subst. from تَنَكُّرٌ as signifying the changing, or altering, oneself, or itself; or becoming changed, or altered; from a state which please one to a state which one dislikes: but a different statement is found in the T: [see above.] and نكيرة is not mentioned by any authority. (TA.)

A strong fortress. (Ṣgh, Ḳ.) See نُكْرٌ.

See also مُنْكَرٌ.

أَنْكَرُ Worse, and worst; more, and most, evil, abominable, or foul. So it is explained as occurring in the Ḳur. [xxxi. 18,] إِنّ أَنْكَرَ ٱلْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الحَمِيرِ [Verily the most abominable of voices is the voice of asses]. (TA.)

See also نَكِرٌ: and the fem., نَكْرَآءُ, see above.

مُنْكَرٌ contr. of مَعْرُوفٌ: (Ḳ:) [an explanation including several significations, here following.]

[Ignored, or unknown; as alsoمَنْكُورٌ↓, for] مَنْكُورٌ is syn. with مَجْهُولٌ [the pass. part. n. of the verb by which أَنْكَرَهُ is explained by Kr and in the Ḳ]; (TA;) andمُسْتَنْكَرٌ↓ signifies the same. (L.) For the pls. of مُنْكَرٌ, see نَكِرٌ.

[Denied, or disacknowledged. (See the verb.)]

[Deemed strange, extraordinary, or improbable, (See again the verb.)]

Any action disapproved, or disallowed, by sound intellects; or deemed, or declared, thereby, to be bad, evil, hateful, abominable, foul, unseemly, ugly, or hideous; or pronounced to be so by the law because the mind deliberates respecting the regarding it as such: and thus it is used in the Ḳur, ix. 113 [and other places]: (B, TA:) or anything pronounced to be bad, evil, hateful, abominable, or foul, and forbidden, and disapproved, disliked, or hated, by the law: (TA:) a saying, or an action, unapproved, not approved, unaccepted, or not accepted, by God: (KT:) unbecoming, indecent, or indecorous. (KL.) See مَعْرُوفٌ, voce عُرْفٌ. مُنْكَرٌ andنُكْرٌ↓ andنُكُرٌ↓ (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ) andنَكْرَآءُ↓ (Ṣ, Mṣb Ḳ) are all syn., (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) [and are used as epithets in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] signifying a bad, an evil, a hateful, an abominable, a foul, an unseemly, an ugly, or a hideous, [and a formidable,] thing or affair [or action or saying or quality,, &c.]: (Mṣb:) [in this sense, its pl. is مُنْكَرَاتٌ and مَنَاكِيرُ; as will be seen below:] نُكْرٌ↓ is contr. of عُرْفٌ [which is syn. with مَعْرُوفٌ]. (TA.) You say فِيهِمُ ٱلْمَعْرُوفُ وَٱلْمُنْكَرُ, and العُرْفُ والنُّكْرُ, [In them are good and evil qualities.] And هُمْ يَرْكَبُونَ ٱلْمُنْكَرَاتِ, and المَنَاكِيرَ, [They commit bad, evil, abominable, or foul, actions.] (A.) And it is said in the Ḳur, [xviii. 73,] لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا نُكْرًا [Verily thou hast done a bad, an evil, an abominable, or a foul, thing]. (Ṣ.)

The name of one of two angels, the other of whom is named نَكِيرٌ; (Ṣ;) who are the two triers of [the dead in] the graves. (ISd, Ḳ.)

See also نَكِرٌ.

مَنْكُورٌ: see مُنْكَرٌ, first signification. The pl. is مَنَاكِيرُ, [which is also a pl. of مُنْكَرٌ,] accord. to Sb, who mentions it because, accord. to rule, the pl. of a sing. of this class is formed by the addition of و and ن for the masc., and ا and ت for the fem. (Abu-l-Ḥasan, TA.)

خَرَجَ مُتَنَكِّرًّا He went forth disguised; or changed in outward appearance, or state of apparel. (TA.)

طَرِيقٌ يَنْكُورٌ A road, or way, in a wrong direction. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)