Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

بَاعَهُ, (Ṣ, Mgh, &c.,) aor. يَبِيعُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. بَيْعٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and مَبِيعٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) which latter is anomalous, (Ṣ,) the regular form being مَبَاعٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) has two contr. significacations: He sold it: and he bought it: (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ:) andاباعهُ↓ is a dial. var. of the same: (IḲṭṭ, Mṣb:) [but app. only in the former sense:] or this last signifies he offered it for sale; or exposed it to sale: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) andابتاعهُ↓, as well as بَاعَهُ, signifies he bought it. (Ṣ,* Mgh,* Mṣb, Ḳ.) The primary signification of بَيْعٌ is The exchanging, or exchange, of property; or the making an exchange with property; as in the phrases بَيْعٌ رَابِحٌ [an exchange of property bringing gain], and بَيْعٌ خَاسِرٌ [an exchange of property occasioning loss]: and this is a proper signification when it relates to real substances: but it is tropically used to signify the making the contract [of sale and purchase]; because this is the means of giving [and obtaining] possession: [though this signification is what is termed حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفِيَّةٌ, i. e., a sense so common as to be conventionally regarded as proper:] the phrase صَحَّ البَيْعُ, or بَطَلَ, and the like, mean صَفْقَةُ البَيْعِ; [i. e. The contract of sale, or purchase, was valid, or was null;] but the prefixed n. being suppressed, and its complement [alone] used for it, and this being masc., the verb is made masc. (Mṣb.) بَاعَ [mostly signifies He sold; and] is doubly trans., both by itself and by means of مِنْ prefixed to the second object; (Mgh, Mṣb;) this prep. being thus used as a corroborative: (Mṣb:) you say, بَاعَهُ الشَّىْءَ and بَاعَهُ مِنْهُ [He sold to him the thing and He sold it to him]: (Mgh:) and بِعْتُ زَيْدًا الدَّارَ and بِعْتُ مِنْ زَيْدٍ الدَّارَ [I sold to Zeyd the house: (see also an explanation of the phrase اِسْتَبَعْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ: and see بَاعَهُ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ: to which might be added countless similar instances; for when باع signifies he sold, مِنْ is generally prefixed to the noun or pronoun denoting the person to whom the thing is sold:)] and sometimes لِ is put in the place of مِنْ; so that you say, بِعْتُكَ الشَّىْءَ and بِعْتُهُ لَكَ [I sold to thee the thing and I sold it to thee]; the ل being redundant [when the verb has this meaning, though not when it has the contr. meaning, as will be seen below]. (Mṣb.) Of the contr. signification we have an ex. in the saying of El-Farezdaḳ,

* إِنَّ الشَّبَابَ لَرَابِحٌ مَنْ بَاعَهَا *

* وَالشَّيْبُ لَيْسَ لِبَائِعِيهِ تِجَارُ *

[Verily youthfulness, he who buys it is a gainer; but hoariness, there are no traffickers for its sellers; the part. a. being here from the verb in the former sense]: (Ṣ, TA:) and [often in a case in which the verb is followed by ل; as] in بَاعَ لَهُ الشَّىْءَ He bought for him the thing; (Mgh;) [the ل not being redundant when the verb is used in this sense;] and as in the saying of Tarafeh,

* وَيَأْتِيكَ بالْأَخْبَارِ مَنْ لَمْ تَبِعْ لَهُ *

* بَتَاتًا وَلَمْ تَضْرِبْ لَهُ وَقْتَ مَوْعِدِ *

[And he will bring thee tidings for whom thou hast not bought travelling-provisions, and for whom thou hast not assigned an appointed time for his bringing them]: (TA:) and in the saying, بَاعَ دُنْيَاهُ بِآخِرَتِهِ ‡ [He purchased his enjoyments of the present world at the expense of his enjoyments of the world to come]: (Z, TA:) and [in like manner] you say,ابتاع↓ زَيْدٌ الدَّارَ, meaning Zeyd bought the house: andابتاعها↓ لِغَيْرِهِ He bought it for another person. (Mṣb.) The verb has this signification, also, in the trad., لَا يَبِعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ [One of you shall not buy in opposition to the buying of his brother when an agreement has been manifested but the contract has not been concluded]; (Ṣ, IAth, Mgh, Mṣb; [but in the Ṣ and Mṣb and by IAth, the trad. is related thus; لَا يَخْطُبِ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ وَلَا يَبِعْ عَلَى بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ; (see art. خطب;)]) as is shown by the relation of Bkh,لَا يَبْتَاعُ↓ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ: (Mgh, Mṣb:) or it may here have the contr. meaning: (IAth:) Az says that the seller and buyer are equal in offence when either of them does thus to another. (TA.) [Similar to this is the saying, لَا يَسُومُ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى سَوْمِ أَخِيهِ: see art. سوم. See also بَاعَ عَلَى بَيْعِهِ below, used in a tropical sense.] You say also, بَاعَ عَلَيْهِ القَاضِى, meaning The judge sold against his will; (Mgh;) sold without his consent. (Mṣb.)

The pass. form is بِيعَ [It was sold: and it was bought]: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) optionally either [thus] with kesr to the ب, or [بُيْعَ] with damm to the ب, (Ṣ,) [or rather with a sound between that of damm and that of kesr, which pronunciation is termed إِشْمَامٌ;] and some say بُوعَ; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) changing the ى into و: and thus in the cases of كِيلَ and قِيلَ and the like: (Ṣ:) [but Ibn-Málik requires damm or اشمام in the passive of a verb of which the medial radical is ى, and kesr or اشمام in the passive of a verb of which the medial radical is و, to prevent the mistaking of an active verb for a passive in such cases as بِعْتُ and سُمْتُ: others, however, only prefer what Ibn-Málik absolutely requires in these cases. (See I’Aḳ p. 131.)]

You say also, بَاعَهُ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ, [lit. He sold him to the Sultán,] meaning ‡ he slandered him, or calumniated him, to the Sultán. (Ḳ, TA.)

And بَاعَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى بَيْعِهِ, [of which the lit. meaning has been shown above,] meaning ‡ Such a one superseded him, or occupied his place, in respect of honourable and elevated station or rank, and gained the mastery over him; (Ḳ,* TA;) and so حَلَّ بِوَادِيهِ: (TA:) or بَاعَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى بَيْعِ فُلَانٍ means ‡ such a one gained the mastery over such a one, and wrested from him that which he sought to obtain from him; and is an old proverb, applied by the Arabs to a man who contends with another, and seeks to obtain a thing from him by superior power or force, when he has succeeded in doing as above explained; and similar to it is the saying شَقَّ فُلَانٌ غُبَارَ فُلَانٍ. (El-Mufaddal Ed-Ḍabbee, TA.) One also says, مَا بَاعَ عَلَى بَيْعِكَ أَحَدٌ, meaning † Not any one has equalled thee. (TA.)

بَيْعٌ is also used in the sense of اِنْبِسَاطٌ. (TA in art. بوع. [See اِنْبَاعَ in that art.])

بَايَعْتُهُ, (Ṣ, Mgh, TA,) inf. n. مُبَايَعَةٌ and بِيَاعٌ, (TA,) is from البَيْعُ; and so is التَّبَايُعُ↓; (Ṣ, TA;) this being syn. with المُبَايَعَةُ. (Ḳ, TA.) You say, بَايَعَا andتَبَايَعَا↓, meaning They two sold and bought, each with the other: (TḲ:) andتَبَايَعْنَا↓ [We sold and bought, one with another]: (Mgh:) and بايعهُ also signifies He bartered, or exchanged commodities, with him. (TA.) [See 1; where a citation from the Mṣb indicates that this latter is the primary signification accord. to the author of that work.]

It is also from البَيْعَةُ; and so is التَّبَايُعُ↓: (Ṣ, TA:*) المُبَايَعَةُ andالتَّبَايُعُ↓ from البَيْعَةُ signifying The making a covenant, a compact, an engagement, or the like; as though each of the two parties sold what he had to the other, and gave him his own special property, and his obedience, and all that pertained to his case. (TA.) [Hence,] بايع الأَمِيرَ He promised, or swore, allegiance to the prince; making a covenant with him to submit to him the judgment of his own case and of the cases of the Muslims [in general], not to dispute with him in respect of anything thereof, but to obey him in whatever command he might impose upon him, pleasing and displeasing: in doing which, it was usual for the person making this covenant to place his hand in the hand of the prince, in confirmation of the covenant, like as is done by the seller and buyer; wherefore the act was termed بَيْعَةٌ, an inf. n. [of un.] of بَاعَ. (Ibn-Khaldoon, in De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., 2nd ed., ii. 256 - 7.) [And hence the phrases, بُويِعَ بِالِخِلَافَةِ and بُويِعَ لَهُ بِالخِلَافَةِ He had the promise, or oath, of allegiance made to him as being Khaleefeh.] You say also, بايعهُ عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. مُبَايَعَةٌ, He made a covenant, a compact, an engagement, or the like, with him, respecting it, or to do it: andتبايعوا↓ عَلَى الأَمْرِ [they made a covenant,, &c., respecting, or to do, the thing, or affair]; like as you say أَصْفَقُوا عَلَيْهِ. (TA.)

انباع It was, or became, saleable, or easy of sale; it had an easy, or a ready, sale: (Ibn-ʼAbbád, Ḳ:) as though quasi-pass. of بَاعَهُ [and therefore primarily signifying it was, or became, sold, or bought]. (TA.)

اِسْتَبَعْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ I asked him to sell the thing to me; expl. by سَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ مِنِّى; (Ṣ, Ḳ;*) for instance, عَبْدَهُ [his slave.] (Mgh.)

بَيْعٌ inf. n. of 1 [q. v.].

It also signifies The hire, or hiring, of land. (TA.)

Also A thing sold, or bought: (Mgh, Mṣb, TA:) a subst. in this sense: (Mgh, TA:) pl. بُيُوعٌ: (Mgh, Mṣb, TA:) which is also used as a pl. of the inf. n., to signify Kinds of selling and buying. (Mgh.) See also بِيَاعَةٌ.

بَيْعَةٌ [inf. n. of un. of بَاعَ.]

[Hence,] A striking together of the hands of two contracting parties in token of the ratification of a sale. (Mṣb, TA.)

And [hence,] The act of مُبَايَعَة [or promising, or swearing, allegiance and obedience, as explained above, (see 3,)] and submission, or obedience. (Mṣb, TA.) Whence, أَيْمَانُ البَيْعَةِ [The oaths of allegiance and obedience]; (Ibn-Khaldoon, in De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., 2nd ed., ii. 257; and Mṣb;) which the Khaleefehs exacted; (Ibn-Khaldoon;) and which El-Hajjáj appointed, including hard, or difficult, matters, relating to divorce and emancipation and fasting and the like. (Mṣb.)

بِيعَةٌ A mode, or manner, of selling or buying. (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ.) Hence, صَاحِبُ بِيعَةٍ [A person occupying himself in any kind of selling or buying]: occurring in a trad. of Ibn-ʼOmar. (Mgh, TA.) And إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ البِيعَةِ [Verily he is good in the manner of selling or buying]. (Ṣ, Mgh, TA.)

[A Christian church;] a place of worship (Ḳ) pertaining to the Christians: (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or, as some say, a synagogue of the Jews: (TA:) pl. بِيَعٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) or بِيْعٌ. (Mṣb: [but this I think a mistake: if correct, it is a coll. gen. n.])

بَيَاعَةٌ An article of merchandise; (Lth, Ṣ, Ḳ;) as alsoبَيْعٌ↓ [q. v. suprà]: (Mgh:) pl. of the former بِيَاعَاتٌ. (Ḳ.)

بَيِّعٌ: see بَائِعٌ, in five places.

Also A man who sells, or buys, well; and soبَيُوعٌ↓: fem. of the former with ة {بَيِّعَةٌ}: pl. masc. بَيِّعُونَ, and pl. fem. بَيِّعَاتٌ; neither the masc. nor the fem. having a broken pl. (TA.)

بَيَّاعٌ A man who sells, or buys, much. (TA.)

بَائِعٌ Selling, or a seller: and buying, or a buyer: (Mṣb, Ḳ,* TA:) as alsoبَيِّعٌ↓: (Ḳ:) the former signification is the more obvious when بائع is used without restriction: (Mṣb:) andبَيِّعٌ↓ also signifies [accord. to some] a bargainer, or chafferer; (Ḳ, TA;) not a seller nor a buyer; but Esh-Sháfiʼee and Az deny that this epithet is applied to a man before he has concluded the contract: (L, TA:) the pl. of بائع is بَاعَةٌ: (ISd, Ḳ:) and the pl. ofبيّع↓ is بِيَعَآءُ [or rather this is a quasi-pl. n.] and أَبْيعَآءُ: (Ḳ:) and Kr holds that بَاعَةٌ is pl. of بيّع. (TA.) البَيِّعَانِ↓ signifies The seller and the buyer; (Ṣ, Mgh;) and soالمُتَبَايِعَانِ↓. (TA.) It is said in a trad.,البَيِّعَانِ↓ بِالخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا, and in another,المُتَبَايِعَانِ↓, [The seller and the buyer have the option of cancelling the contract as long as they have not separated.] (TA.)

اِمْرَأَةٌ بَائِعٌ ‡ A woman who easily obtains a suitor; or who is much in demand; by reason of her beauty: (Ḳ, TA:) as though she sold herself: like نَاقَةٌ تَاجِرَةٌ. (Z, TA.)

مَبِيعٌ Sold: and bought: as alsoمَبْيُوعٌ↓: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) in the latter sense syn. with مُبْتَاعٌ↓. (Mṣb.) Kh says that the letter suppressed in مَبِيعٌ is the و of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, because it is augmentative: but Akh says that the letter suppressed is the medial radical; for when they made the ى quiescent, they transferred its vowel to the letter before it, so that it became madmoomeh, [the word thus being altered to مَبُيْوعٌ,] then they changed the ḍammeh into kesreh because of the ى after it, then the ى was suppressed, and the و was changed into ى, like the و of مِيزَانٌ, because of the kesreh: accord. to El-Mázinee, each of these sayings is good; but that of Akh is the more agreeable with analogy. (Ṣ.)