Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

رَدِىَ aor. يَرْدَى, inf. n. رَدًى, He (a man, TA) perished. (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ.) [See an ex. in the Ḳur xx. 17.]

And رَدِىَ (AZ, T, M, and so in a copy of the Ṣ,) aor. يَرْدَى, (AZ, T,) inf. n. رَدًى; (M;) or رَدَى; (Ḳ, and so in copies of the Ṣ;) or both of these verbs; aor. of the latter يَرْدِى; (TA;) andتردّى↓; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) He fell into a well: (AZ,* T,* Ṣ, Ḳ:) or he tumbled down into a deep hollow, or cavity, or pit: (M:) or↓ the last of these verbs has this meaning: (Lth, T:) or it signifies he fell into a deep hollow, or cavity, or pit: (Mṣb:) or he tumbled down (Ṣ) from a mountain; (AZ, T, Ṣ;) and so the first, or second: (Ṣ:) andتردّى↓ signifies he fell from a mountain and died. (TA.) إِذَا تَرَدَّى↓, in the Ḳur [xcii. 11], means When he falls into the abyss of the fire [of Hell]: (T,* TA:) or into the cavity of the grave: or into the lowest depth of Hell: or when he perishes: (Bḍ:) or when he dies. (T.)

And رَدَى He (a man) went away. (Ḳ.) You say, مَا أَدْرِى أَيْنَ رَدَى I know not whither he went away, or has gone away. (Ṣ.)

رَدَاهُ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) aor. يَرْدِى, (M,) inf. n. رَدْىٌ, (TḲ,) He broke it; (M, Ḳ;) namely, a thing with a stone: (M:) or he beat it, [or battered it,] namely, a stone with a piece of rock, or with a pickaxe, in order to break it. (Ṣ.)

And He dashed himself against him, or knocked against him, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) like as the pickaxe knocks against the stone. (TA.)

And رَدَاهُ بِحَجَرٍ, (T, Ḳ,) or بِحِجَارَةٍ, (Ṣ,) aor. يَرْدِى, inf. n. رَدْىٌ; (T;) and رَدَاهُ بِحَجَرٍ, (Ḳ and TA in art. ردو,) aor. يَرْدُو, inf. n. رَدْوٌ, (TA,) with و for the final radical; (Ḳ, TA;) [like رَدَأَهُ, and دَرَأَهُ;] He threw at him, or threw at him and hit him, with a stone, or stones. (T, Ṣ, M.) [It is also said in the T, with reference to مِرْدَاةٌ, as signifying a large stone with which other stones are beaten, or battered, الرَّدْىُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ رَفْعٌ بِهَا وَرَمْىٌ بِهَا; but I think that رَفْعٌ is a mistranscription for دَفْعٌ; and that the meaning intended to be expressed by these words is, that رَدْىٌ signifies The thrusting with a مِرْدَاة; and the throwing it, or with it.]

[Hence, app.,] رَدَى said of a horse, (Aṣ, ISk, T, Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) aor. يَرْدِى, (Aṣ, ISk, T, Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. رَدْىٌ and رَدَيَانٌ; (ISk, Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) and رَدَا, (Ḳ and TA in art. ردو, [in the CK, و is omitted before the word لُغَةٌ in that art.,]) aor. يَرْدُو; (TA;) [and, accord. to Freytag, ارتدى↓ is used in the same sense by Jereer;] He beat, or battered, the ground, (رَجَمَ الأَرْضَ, Aṣ, ISk, T, Ṣ, ISk, T, Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) with his hoofs, (M, Ḳ, TA,) in running, (Aṣ, T,) or in going along, and in running, (M,) or in going a pace between running and vehement walking: (ISk, Ṣ:) or رَدَيَانٌ signifies the same as تَقْرِيبٌ: (AZ, T, M: [see 2 in art. قرب:]) or it is [a manner of going] between running and walking: (Ḳ:) or the running (T, Ṣ, M) of the horse (T) or of the ass (Ṣ, M) between his آرِىّ [or place of confinement, or the loop to which he is tied,] and his مُتَمَعَّك [or place of rolling upon the ground]; (T, Ṣ, M;) thus explained by El-Munteji' Ibn-Nebhán, (T, Ṣ,) to Aṣ. (Ṣ.) In the Ḳ, رَجَمَتْ is erroneously put for رَجَمَ; being app. taken from the M, in which it refers to horses; [not to a single horse;] as does also the pronoun in بِحَوَافِرِهَا, in the same portion of the passage in the Ḳ and in the M. (TA.) Accord. to AZ, this is from رَدَيَانُ الجَوَارِى, explained in what follows. (Ḥam p. 221.)

You say, رَدَتِ الجَارِيَةُ The girl raised one leg and went along upon the other, in play; (Ḳ, TA;) and soاِرْتَدَت↓: (TA:) and الجَوَارِى يُرْدِينَ, inf. n. رَدَيَانٌ; (M;) orيَرْتَدِينَ↓; (T;) the girls played, (T, M,) raising one leg, (M,) or one of them raising one leg, (T,) and going along upon the other: (T, M:) or رَدَيَانُ الجَوَارِى signifies the girls' playing in which one of them raises one leg and steps with the other two steps, and then puts it down and raises the other, doing thus several times. (AZ, Ḥam p. 221.) And رَدَى الغُلَامُ The boy raised one leg and leaped, or jumped, [or hopped,] with the other. (Ṣ.) And رَدَى الغُرَابُ, (M, Ḳ,) aor. يَرْدِى, (T,) The crow, or raven, raised one leg and hopped on the other; or leaped along. (T, M, Ḳ.)

رَدَتْ غَنَمِى My sheep, or goats, increased, or exceeded; as alsoأَرْدَتْ↓. (Fr, M, Ḳ.)

And رَدَيْتُ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ andارديت↓ I exceeded the thing. (M.) Andاردى↓ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ It exceeded another thing; as also اردأ [q. v.] (M in art. ردأ.) And رَدَيْتُ عَلَى الخَمْسِينَ, (Ṣ, M,*) and الثَّمَانِينَ, (M,) andارديت↓, (Ṣ,) I exceeded [the age of fifty, and eighty]. (Ṣ, M.*)

ردّاهُ, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَرْدِيَةٌ, (Mṣb,) He made him to fall, or threw him down, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) into a deep hollow, or cavity, or pit, (Mṣb,) or into a well; as alsoارداهُ↓. (Ḳ.) He (God) overthrew him; as alsoارداهُ↓. (M.)

رَدَّيْتُهُ, inf. n. as above, I clad him with a رِدَآء [q. v.]. (Ṣ.)

رَادَيْتُ عَن القَوْم, (Ṣ, Ḳ.*) inf. n. مُرَادَاةٌ, (Ṣ,) I contended in throwing stones in defence of the people, or party. (Ṣ, Ḳ.*)

راداهُ, (T, Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) is also syn. with رَاوَدَهُ [He endeavoured to turn him; or to turn him by blandishment, or by deceitful arts; or to entice him to turn]; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) formed from the latter by transposition; (Ṣ;) or دَاوَرَهُ [which means the same]; عَلَى الأَمْرِ [to the thing, or affair]: (T as on the authority of AʼObeyd:) and دَارَاهُ [which means the same; or he treated him with gentleness, or blandishment; soothed, coaxed, wheedled, or cajoled, him; or he deceived, deluded, beguiled, circumvented, or outwitted, him; or endeavoured, or desired, to do so]; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ; the first as on the authority of AʼObeyd;) or, accord. to AA, i. q. دَاجَاهُ and دَالَاهُ and فَانَاهُ [all of which are syn. with دَارَاهُ]. (T.)

ارداهُ He (i. e. God, M, or another, Ṣ, M *) caused him to perish; or destroyed him. (Ṣ, M, Ḳ.) Hence, (M,) in the Ḳur [xxxvii. 54], إِنْ كِدْتَ لَتُرْدِينِ Verily thou almost causedst me to perish, or destroyedst me. (T, M.*)

See also 2, in two places.

Also He made him (i. e. a horse) to go in the manner signified by the verb رَدَى [q. v., meaning, beating, or battering, the ground,, &c.]: so accord. to the M and Ḳ, except that, in both, the fem. pronoun is used, in the M referring to horses, and in the Ḳ improperly referring to a single horse. (TA.)

See also 1, last four sentences.

تردّى: see 1, second and third sentences, in four places.

He was, or became, overthrown. (M.)

Also, andارتدى↓, He put on, or clad himself with, or wore, a رِدَآء [q. v.]: (Ṣ, Ḳ: but in the latter the verbs are fem. [as said of a woman]:) or so تردّى بِرِدَآءٍ andارتدى↓ بِهِ. (M, Mṣb.)

And تردّى بِسَيْفِهِ, andارتدى↓, † He hung upon himself his sword, putting its suspensory belt or cord upon his neck or shoulder; syn. تَقَلَّدَهُ. (M.)

And تردّت الجَارِيَةُ † The girl, or young woman, put on, or decked herself with, a وِشَاح [q. v.], which is also called رِدَآء. (T, Ḳ.)

ارتدى: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph, in three places.

See also 5, in three places: and see an ex. voce رِدَآءٌ

[Hence,] اِرْتَدَانِى He carried me, or bore me, upon his shoulder, in the place of the رِدَآء. (Ḥam p. 471.)

رَدًى an inf. n. of رَدِىَ[q. v.]. (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

Also Excess, redundance, or superfluity; syn. زِيَادَةٌ: so in the saying, مَا بَلَغْتُ رَدَى عَطِيَّتِكَ, i. e. I have not attained to thy excess,, &c., in thy gift: and يُعْجِبُنِى رَدَى قَوْلِكَ The excess of thy saying pleases me: and so in the saying of Kutheiyir,

* لَهُ عَهْدُ وُدٍّ لَمْ يَكَدَّرْ يَزِينُهُ *

* رَدَى قَوْلِ مَعْرُوفٍ حَدِيثٍ وَمُزْمِنِ *

meaning [He has a covenant of love, or affection, into which he has entered, which has not been sullied, and] which excess of kind speech, on his part, [recent and of long duration,] adorns: (T:) or, [as ISd cites the verse,]رَدِى↓ قَوْلِ مَعْرُوفٍ, &c.: [and he adds,] it is said, in explanation thereof, that رَدِى means زِيَادَة; and I think that it is an inf. n., of the measure فَعِلٌ, like ضَحِكٌ and حَبِقٌ, or a subst. put in the place of an inf. n. (M.)

See also رَدَاةٌ.

رَدٍ [originally رَدِىٌ] Perishing; (IAạr, T, Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) applied to a man: fem. رَدِيَةٌ. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

See also the next preceding paragraph.

رِدْيَةٌ A mode, or manner, of wearing the رِدَآء: (Ṣ, M,* Mṣb:*) like رِكْبَةٌ from الرُّكُوبُ, and جِلْسَةٌ from الجُلُوسُ: (Ṣ:) you say, هُوَ حَسَنُ الرِّدْيَةِ [He is comely in respect of the manner of wearing the ردآء] (Ṣ, M, Mṣb.)

رَدَاةٌ A rock; or piece of rock; or great mass of stone, or of hard stone: (Fr, T, Ṣ, Ḳ:) pl. رَدَيَاتٌ (Fr, T) and [coll. gen. n.] رَدًى↓. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

رِدَآءٌ A certain garment; (Ṣ, Mṣb;) a kind of مِلْحَفَة [or outer wrapping garment], (M, Ḳ,) well known; (Ḳ;) one of the garments that are not cut and sewed; (Mgh in art. قطع, and MF voce إِزَارٌ;) [being of a single piece;] covering the upper half of the body; or lying upon the shoulders and back; (MF voce إِزَارٌ;) or falling upon the belly and there ending: (TA voce صِفْرٌ:) [a رداء worn by Moḥammad, “thrown over the left shoulder and wrapped round the body under the right arm,” is described as “four cubits long and two cubits and a span wide:” (Sprenger's Life of Moḥammad, Part I, English ed., pp. 86 and 87:)] it is of the masc. gender, and it is not allowable to make it fem.: (IAmb, Mṣb:) the dual is رِدَاآنِ and رِدَاوَانِ the latter being allowable, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) but the former being preferable: (Ṣ:) and the pl. is أَرْدِيَةٌ: (Ṣ, M, Mṣb:) the رِدَآء is also called رِدَآءَةٌ↓, (M, Ḳ, TA, [in the CK رِداة,]) like as the إِزَار is also called إِزَارَةق; (M;) andمِرْدَاةٌ↓, (Ḳ, TA, in the CK مَرْداة,) of which the pl. is مَرَادٍ↓, (TA,) occurring in the saying,

*لَا يَرْتَدِى↓ مَرَادِىَ الحَرِيرِ *

* وَلَا يُرَى بِسُدَّةِ الأَمِيرِ *

* إِلَّا لِحَلْبِ الشَّاْةِ وَالبَعِيرِ *

[He will not wear outer wrapping garments of silk, nor will he be seen at the porch of the commander, or prince, unless for the purpose of milking the sheep, or goat, and the camel]; (M, TA;) المَرَادِى meaning الأَرْدِيَة; (M;) but accord. to Th, it has no sing.: (M, TA:) [or] مَرَادٍ↓ signifies waist-wrappers; syn. أُزُرٌ. (Ḳ.)

Hence, صِفْرُ رِدَائِهَا, in a description of Umm-Zarạ, in a trad., meaning † Lank in her belly; as though her ردآء were empty. (TA in art. صفر.)

And غَمْرُ الرِّدَآءِ ‡ Abounding in beneficence. (T, M, Ḳ, TA.) And عَيْشٌ غَمْرُ الرِّدَآءِ ‡ A life ample, or plentiful, in its means. (TA.)

And رِدَآءُ الشَّبَابِ † The beauty, and softness, tenderness, or delicateness, of youth. (T.)

And رِدَآءُ الشَّمْسِ † The light, (M,) or beauty and light, (T,) of the sun. (T, M.)

رِدَآءٌ also signifies † A sword; (T, M, Ḳ;) [ISd says,] I think, as being likened to the garment thus called; (M;) [i. e.] because it is hung, by its suspensory cords, upon the neck and shoulder [like that garment]. (T.) [See also مِرْدًى, near the end of the paragraph.] Mutemmem says,

* لَقَدْ كَفَّنَ المِنْهَالُ تَحْتَ رِدَائِهِ *

* فَتًى غَيْرَ مِبْطَانِ العَشِيَّاتِ أَرْوَعَا *

[Verily El-Minhál has shrouded beneath his sword a young man not voracious in the evenings, when the chief meal is eaten, one who excited the admiration of the beholder]: for El-Minhál had slain his [the poet's] brother Málik; and when a man slew another who was a celebrated man, he used to lay his sword upon him, in order that his slayer might be known. (M. [But see, in relation to this verse, a long story in the Ḥam pp. 370-372.]) And El-Khansà says,

* وَدَاهِيَةٍ جَرَّهَا جَارِمٌ *

* جَعَلْتَ رِدَآءَكَ فِيهَا خِمَارَا *

[And in many a calamity which a committer of a crime has brought to pass, thou hast made thy sword to be as a covering to the head]; meaning, thou hast smitten, therein, the necks of thine enemies with thy sword like the خمار [which means a woman's “muffler” and a man's “turban”]. (T.)

Also † A bow; (AAF, M, IAth;) because it is borne upon the shoulder, which is the place of the رداء [properly thus called]. (IAth, TA.)

And [for the like reason] † The [ornament called] وِشَاح [q. v., worn by women]. (T, Ḳ.) So in a verse of El-Aạshà, cited voce رَقْرَقَ. (T.)

And † A bier; because it is borne upon the place of the رداء [properly thus called, i. e., upon the shoulder]. (Ḥam p. 471.)

And † Debt; (T, M, Ḳ;) because it is [regarded as] a thing that cleaves to the neck of the debtor, like as the رداء [properly thus called] cleaves to the shoulders of the wearer. (T.) You say, هُوَ خَفِيفُ الرِّدَآءِ, meaning ‡ He is little burdened in respect of debt: and also, in respect of household. (Ḳ,* TA.) [See also an ex. voce نَسَآءٌ.]

Also † Intelligence:

and † ignorance: (M, Ḳ:) both on the authority of IAạr: (M:)

he says also that it means † anything that is the pride, or ornament, of a person; (T, M;) even, (M,) for instance, one's house, and one's father; (T, M;) or one's house and one's beast; (so in the TA;) each of these, he says, is one's رداء [or † pride]: (T:) thus, (M,) it is † a thing that graces: and † a thing that disgraces: (M, Ḳ:) so that it has two contr. meanings: thus in the Ḳ, referring to the meanings of “intelligence” and “ignorance:” but this requires consideration. (TA.)

الرَّادِى The lion; (Ḳ;) because he dashes himself (يَرْدِى i. e. يَصْدِمُ) [against his prey]. (TA.)

مِرْدًى A stone that is thrown; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) as alsoمِرْدَاةٌ↓: (T, Ṣ:) or a piece of rock with which date-stones are broken: (Ḥam p. 417:) and accord. to ISk, ↓ the latter signifies a piece of rock with which stones are broken, (Ṣ,) or with which one breaks [anything]: (M:) or a stone which the strong man can hardly, or not at all, lift with his hands; [like مِرْدَأَةٌ; (TA in art. ردأ;)] with which stones are broken; and with which they beat and soften a rugged place that they hollow out; and with which the hole of the [lizard called] ضَبّ is broken, or battered, when it is among large stones (فى قلعة [i. e. فِى قَلَعَةٍ]), which قلعة it softens and demolishes: (En-Naḍr, T:) the same word (مرداة) also signifies the stone, (T,) or the piece of rock, (M,) by means of which the ضَبّ is guided to its hole: (T, M:) [and accord. to Golius, on the authority of Meyd and the Mirḳát el-Loghah, the upper mill-stone:] the pl. of مِرْدَاةٌ is مَرَادٍ↓: (T:) and this pl. is [also] syn. with مَرَامٍ [app. as pl. of مِرْمَاةٌ, and meaning the arrows thus called; or any missiles]. (M.) Hence the prov.,عِنْدَ جُحْرِ كُلِّ ضَبٍّ مِرْدَاتُهُ↓ [Near by the hole of every dabb is its stone that is to be thrown at it, or its stone by means of which it guides itself to that hole]; applied to a thing that is near at hand, having no obstacle in the way to it; for the dabb will not be guided to its hole, when it goes forth from it and returns to it, except by means of a stone which it places as a mark to point out its hole: (T:) orكُلُّ ضَبٍّ عِنْدَهُ مِرْدَاتُهُ↓ (Ṣ, M, Meyd) i. e. Every dabb has near by it its stone that is to be thrown at it; (Ṣ,* Meyd;) for the dabb has little knowledge, therefore it prepares not its hole save by a stone that may be a mark thereof, so that he who seeks it finds the stone that is to be thrown at the dabb near to it; therefore the prov. means that thou shouldst not feel secure from accidents, because calamities are prepared with every time, or period; and it is applied to him who exposes himself to destruction. (Meyd.) Hence also, i. e. from مِرْدًى in the first of the senses assigned to it above, (Ṣ,) or in the second of those senses, (Ḥam p. 417,) said of a courageous man, إِنَّهُ لَمِرْدَى حُرُوبٍ † [Verily he is like the missile of wars]; (Ṣ;) or فُلَانٌ مِرْدَى الحُرُوبِ † [Such a one is like the crushing stone of the wars]; or مِرْدَى الخُصُومِ, i. e. † he whom they throw against the antagonists and who crushes them: (Ḥam ubi suprà:) and هُمْ مَرَادِى الحُرُوبِ: [مَرَادٍ being pl. of مِرْدًى, as well as of مِرْدَاةٌ:] (Ṣ:) and فُلَانٌ مِرْدَى خُصُومَةٍ وَحَرْبٍ † Such a one is very patient in the endurance of contention and war. (M.) مِرْدًى is also used as meaning † A horse hard like the stone thus called; thus in a verse of 'Antarah: or it there means a horse that runs swiftly; from الرَّدَيَانُ [an inf. n. of رَدَى, q. v.]: or it is from الرَّدَى [inf. n. of رَدِىَ, and syn. therewith], meaning perdition: or it means, in that verse, [like رِدَآءٌ,] a sword, [as being an instrument of perdition,] from الرَّدَى. (Ḥam p. 207.) مِرْدَاةٌ↓, also, (Ṣ,) or نَاقَةٌ مِرْدَاةٌ, (TA,) is used as meaning † A she-camel like the stone thus called in hardness. (Ṣ, TA.) Andمَرَادٍ↓ [as pl. of مِرْدًى or of مِرْدَاةٌ] means also † The legs of camels, (Lth, T, M, Ḳ,) and of the elephant (Lth, T, Ḳ) or of elephants; as being likened to the stones thus called; (M, TA;) or because of their heaviness, and vehemence of tread. (T, TA.)

Also مِرْدًى, (so in the Ṣ,) orمُرْدِىٌّ↓, with damm [to the ل] and with shedd [to the ى], (Ḳ,) A pole with which a ship, or boat, is propelled, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) being in the hand of the sailor: (Ṣ:) pl. [of the former] مَرَادٍ, (Ṣ,) or [of the latter] مَرَادِىُّ: (Ḳ:) in the dial. of the vulgar مِدْرى [pronounced by them مِدْرَى, without tenween, or مِدْرَا, for مِدْرَأٌ]; pl., with the art., المَدَارِى [and vulgarly pronounced مَدَارِى also without the art.]. (TA.)

اِمْرَأَةٌ هَيْفَآءُ المُرَدَّى A woman lank, or slender, in the place of the [ornament called] وِشَاح [q. v.]. (T.)

المُتَرَدِّيَةُ, in the Ḳur v. 4, means That which falls from a mountain, or into a well, or from an elevated place, and dies. (T.) The sheep or goat thus termed is forbidden [to be eaten] because it has died without having been slaughtered according to the law. (Mṣb.)