Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

رَقَبَهُ, (JK, Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَرْقُبُ}, (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb,) inf. n. رقْبَةٌ↓, (JK, Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ,) or this is a simple subst., (Mṣb,) and [the inf. n. is] رِقْبَانٌ (JK, Ṣ, Ḳ) and رُقُوبٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and رَقُوبٌ and رَقْبَةٌ and رَقَابَةٌ, (Ḳ,) He looked, watched, or waited, for him, or it; he awaited, or expected, him, or it; (JK, Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) namely, a man, (JK, A,) or a thing; (Ṣ;) as alsoترقبهُ↓; (JK,* Ṣ,* A, Mṣb, Ḳ;) andارتقبهُ↓; (Ṣ,* A, Mṣb, Ḳ;) andراقبهُ↓, (Mgh,) inf. n. مُرَاقَبَةٌ. (JK, Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb.) You say, قَعَدَ يَرْقُبُ صَاحِبَهُ He sat looking, watching, or waiting, for his companion; as alsoيَرْتَقِبُهُ↓. (A.) Andأَتَرَقَّبُ↓ كَذَا I look,, &c., or am looking,, &c., for such a thing. (A.) And يَرْقُبُ مَوْتَ صَاحِبِهِ [He looks,, &c., for the death of his companion], (JK, Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb,) and أَبِيهِ لِيَرِثَهُ [of his father, in order that he may inherit his property]: (A:) andتُرَاقِبُ↓ مَوْتَ بَعْلِهَا [She looks,, &c., for the death of her husband], (Ḳ, TA,) لِيَمُوتَ فَتَرِثَهُ [that he may die and she may inherit his property]. (TA.) And لَمْ تَرْقُبْ قَوْلِى, in the Ḳur [xx. 95], means And thou didst not wait, or hast not waited, for my saying [or what I should say]. (JK, TA.)

And رَقَبَهُ, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. رُقُوبٌ, (Mṣb,) He guarded, kept, preserved, or took care of, it; was mindful, or regardful, of it; (Mṣb, Ḳ;) namely, a thing; (TA;) as alsoراقبهُ↓, inf. n. مُرَاقَبَةٌ and رِقَابٌ; (Ḳ;) [andترقّبهُ↓.] You say also أَنَا أَرْقُبُ لَكُمُ ٱللَّيْلَةَ I will guard, or keep watch, for you to-night. (A.)

And He regarded it; paid regard, or consideration, to it. (Bḍ and Jel in ix. 8.) You say, مَا لَكَ لَا تَرْقُبُ ذِمَّةَ فُلَانٍ [What aileth thee that thou wilt not regard the inviolable right or due,, &c., of such a one?]. (A. [This phrase is there mentioned as proper, not tropical.])

And ‡ He feared him; (A;) and soراقبهُ↓; (Ṣ, A, Mgh;) namely, God; (Ṣ, Mgh;) فِى أَمْرِهِ [in his affair]; (Ṣ;) because he who fears looks for, or expects, punishment (يَرْقُبُ العِقَابَ): (A, Mgh:) orرَاقَبْتُ↓ ٱللّٰهَ signifies † I feared the punishment of God. (Mṣb.) رِقْبَةٌ↓ [as inf. n. of رَقَبَ app. used intransitively, or perhaps as a simple subst.,] signifies † The fearing, or being afraid [of a person or thing]: or fear: and also † the guarding oneself; being watchful, vigilant, or heedful: or self-guardance;, &c. (Ḳ, TA. [See this word below.])

And you say, بَاتَ يَرْقُبُ النُّجُومَ andيُرَاقِبُهَا↓, like يَرْعَاهَا and يُرَاعِيهَا ‡ [i. e. He passed the night watching the stars and waiting for the time when they would disappear]. (A, TA.) IAạr cites the following saying of one describing a travelling-companion of his:

*يُرَاقِبُ↓ النَّجْمَ رِقَابَ الحُوتِ *

meaning ‡ He watches (يَرْتَقِبُ↓) the star, or asterism, with vehement desire for departure, like the [watching with] vehement desire of the fish for water. (TA.) [See also رَقِيبٌ.]

رَقَبَ فُلَانًا He put the rope [or a rope] upon the رَقَبَة [i. e. neck, or base of the hinder part of the neck,, &c.,] of such a one. (Ḳ.)

رَقِبَ, [aor. ـَ {يَرْقَبُ},] inf. n. رَقَبٌ, (TA,) or this is a simple subst., (Ḳ,) He was, or became, thick in the رَقَبَة [or neck,, &c.]. (TA.)

رَقَّبُوا لِلنَّمِرِ [They made a رُقْبَة (q. v.) for the leopard]. (JK.)

ارقبهُ الدَّارَ, (JK, Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. إِرْقَابٌ, (Mṣb,) He assigned the house to him as a رُقْبَى↓ [q. v.], (JK, A,* Mgh, Ḳ, TA,) and to his offspring after him, in the manner of a وَقْف [so as to be unalienable]: (TA:) andارقبهُ الرُّقْبَى↓ [he assigned to him the رُقْبَى]: (Lḥ, Ḳ:) or ارقبهُ دَارًا, or أَرْضًا, means he gave to him a house, or land, on the condition that it should be the property of the survivor of them two; saying, If I die before thee, it shall be thine; and if thou die before me, it shall be mine: (Ṣ:) it is from المُرَاقَبَةُ; because each of the two persons looks for (يَرْقُبُ) the death of the other; (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb;) in order that the property may be his: (Mṣb:) the subst. is رُقْبَى↓ [signifying, as a quasi-inf. n., the act explained above; and, as a subst. properly so termed, the thing given in the manner explained above: the verb being similar to أَعْمَرَ; and the subst., in both of its applications, to عُمْرَى: see these two words]. (Ṣ, Mṣb.)

see 1, in three places.

You say also, ارتقب المَكَانَ He ascended upon the place. (Ḳ,* TA.)

رَقَبٌ Thickness of the رَقَبَة [or neck,, &c.]: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) a subst. [as distinguished from an inf. n.: but see 1, last signification]. (Ḳ.)

See also رَقَبَةٌ.

رُقْبَةٌ [A pit made for the purpose of catching the leopard]: it is, for the نَمِر, like the زُبْيَة for the lion. (JK, Ḳ.)

رِقْبَةٌ: see 1, first sentence:

and again, in the latter half of the paragraph. [Hence,] وَرِثَ فُلَانٌ مَالًا عَنْ رِقْبَةٍ ‡ Such a one inherited property from distant relations; not from his fathers. (Ḳ, TA.) And وَرِثَ المَجْدَ عَنْ رِقْبَةٍ ‡ He inherited glory, or nobility, from distant relations: [it is said of a man] because it is feared that it will not be conceded to him on account of the obscurity of his lineage. (A.) El-Kumeyt says,

* كَانَ السَّدَى وَالنَّدَى مَجْدًا وَمَكْرُمَةً *

* تِلْكَ المَكَارِمُ لَمْ يُورَثْنَ عِنْ رِقَبِ *

‡ [The night-dew and the day-dew that nourished his mental growth were nobility and generous disposition: those generous qualities were not inherited from distant relations: رِقَبٌ being pl. of رِقْبَةٌ]: i. e., he inherited them from near ancestors. (TA.)

رَقَبَةٌ The neck: or the base of the hinder part thereof: (A, Ḳ:) or the hinder part of the base of the neck: (JK, Ṣ:) or the upper part of the neck: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] رِقَابٌ (JK, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and [coll. gen. n.] رَقَبٌ↓ (JK, Ṣ, Ḳ) and [pl. of pauc.] أَرْقُبٌ (IAạr, Ḳ) and رَقَبَاتٌ. (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

By a synecdoche, it is applied to ‡ The whole person of a human being: as in the saying, ذَنْبُهُ فِى رَقَبَتِهِ ‡ [His sin, or crime,, &c., be on his own neck; meaning, on himself]. (IAth, TA.) [Hence also] one says, هٰذَا الأَمْرُ فِى رِقَابِكُمْ ‡ [This affair is upon your own selves], and فِى رَقَبَتِكَ ‡ [upon thine own self]. (A.) And أَعْتَقَ ٱللّٰهُ رَقَبَتَهُ ‡ [May God emancipate him]. (A.) And لَكَ رِقَابُهُنَّ وَمَا عَلَيْهِنَّ, in a trad., relating to camels, ‡ They themselves, and the burdens that are upon them, are thine. (TA.) And [hence], in another trad., لَنَا رِقَابُ الأَرْضِ ‡ To us belongs the land itself. (TA.)

Hence also, i. e. by a synecdoche, (IAth, Mgh, TA,) ‡ A slave, (Ṣ, IAth, Mgh, Ḳ, TA,) male and female: (IAth, TA:) and a captive: (TA:) pl. رِقَابٌ. (Mgh.) You say, أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً ‡ He emancipated a slave, male or female. (IAth, TA.) And فَكَّ رَقَبَةً ‡ He released a slave, or a captive. (TA.) الرِّقَاب in the Ḳur ix. 60 means ‡ Those slaves who have contracted with their owners for their freedom. (T, Mgh, Mṣb, TA.)

رِقَابُ المَزَاوِدِ ‡ [lit. The necks of provision-bags] is a nickname which was applied to the عَجَم [or Persians, or foreigners in general]; because they were red; (Ṣ, A;) or because of the length of their necks; (El-Karáfee, TA in art. زود;) or rather because of the thickness thereof, as though they were full. (MF in that art.)

رُقْبَى One's giving to another person a possession, (Ḳ,) such as a house, and land, and the like, (TA,) on the condition that, whichever of them shall die, the property shall revert to his [the giver's] heirs: (Ḳ:) so called because each of them looks for (يَرْقُبُ) the death of the other: (TA:) or one's assigning it, (Ḳ,) namely, a dwelling, (TA,) to another person to inhabit, and, when he shall die, to another: (Ḳ:) or one's saying to a man, If thou die before me, my dwelling [or my land, which I give to thee,] shall revert to me; and if I die before thee, it shall be thine: so called for the reason above mentioned. (JK, KT.*) [It also signifies The property so given.] See 4, in three places. The act thus termed is forbidden in a trad., which pronounces that the property so given belongs to the giver's heirs. (JK.) Accord. to the Imám Aboo-Ḥaneefeh, and [the Imám] Moḥammad, it is not a هِبَة: accord. to Aboo-Yoosuf, it is a هِبَة like the عُمْرَى; but none of the lawyers of El-'Irák says so: the Málikees absolutely forbid it. (TA.) You say, دَارِى لَكَ رُقْبَى [My house is thine as a رقبى]: from المُرَاقَبَةُ; because each of the two persons looks for the death of the other. (A.)

رَقُوبٌ ‡ A woman (Ṣ, A) of whom no offspring lives, or remains, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) and who looks for the death of her offspring, or of her husband [app. that she may have offspring by another]: (A:) and in like manner applied to a man: (Ṣ:) because he, or she, looks for the death of the child, in fear for it: (IAth, TA:) in like manner also a she-camel of which no offspring lives: (TA:) or he who has no offspring: (Mṣb:) or he who has not sent before him [to Paradise, by its dying in infancy,] any of his children: this, says AʼObeyd, is the meaning in the [classical] language of the Arabs; relating only to the loss of children: (TA:) he who has had no child die in infancy: or he who has had children and has died without sending before him any of them [to Paradise, by its dying in infancy]. (So in the explanations of two trads., each commencing with الرَّقُوبُ, in the “Jámiʼ eṣ-Ṣagheer” of Es-Suyootee.)

* وَرِثْتُهُ عَنْ عَمَّةٍ رَقُوبِ *

is a prov., expl. by Meyd as meaning [I inherited it from a paternal aunt] of whom no offspring was living: such, he says, is most compassionate to the son of her brother. (TA.)

Also A woman who looks for the death of her husband, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) in order that she may inherit his property. (Ṣ.)

And † An old and a poor man who is unable to earn for himself, and has none to earn for him: so called because he looks for a benefaction or gratuity. (Mṣb.)

And † A she-camel that does not draw near to the wateringtrough, or tank, on account of the pressing, or crowding [of the other camels to it], (Ṣ, Ḳ,) by reason of her generous disposition: (Ṣ:) so called because she waits for the others to drink, and drinks when they have done. (TA.)

أُمُّ الرَّقُوبِ † Calamity, or misfortune. (Ḳ.)

رَقِيبٌ, of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ, (TA,) A looker, watcher, or waiter, in expectation [of a person or thing]: (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ:) pl. رُقَبَآءُ. (Mṣb.)

A guarder, guardian, keeper, or preserver: (JK, Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ:) a guard of a people; one stationed on an elevated place to keep watch: (TA:) a spy, or scout, of an army: (A, TA:) a watcher, or an observer. (TA.)

[Hence,] الرّقِيبُ is an appel-lation applied to God; (A, Ḳ, TA;) meaning The Guardian, Keeper, Watcher, or Observer, from whom nothing is hidden. (TA.)

Also The أَمِين of the players at the game called المَيْسِر; (JK, Ḳ;) or (Ḳ) he who is intrusted with the supervision of the ضَرِيب [or shuffler of the arrows]: (JK, Ṣ, Ḳ:) or the man who stands behind the حُرْضَة [q. v.] in the game above mentioned: the meanings of all these explanations are [said to be] the same: pl. as above. (TA.)

And † The third of the arrows used in the game above mentioned: (T, Ṣ, Ḳ:) it is one of the seven arrows to which lots, or portions, appertain: (TA:) by some it is called الضَّرِيبُ: (Lḥ, L in art. ضرب:) the arrows are ten in number: the first is الفَذُّ, which has one notch and one portion; the second, التَّوْءَمُ, which has two notches and two portions; the third, الرَّقِيبُ, which has three notches and three portions; the fourth, الحِلْسُ or الحَلِسُ, which has four notches [and four portions]; the fifth, النَّافِسُ, which has five notches [and five portions]; the sixth, المُسْبِلُ, which has six notches [and six portions]; and the seventh, المُعَلَّى, the highest of all, which has seven notches and seven portions: those to which no portions appertain are السَّفِيحُ and المَنِيحُ and الوَغْدُ. (TA.) A poet says,

* إِذَا قَسَمَ الهَوَى أَعْشَارَ قَلْبِى *

* فَسَهْمَاكِ المُعَلَّى وَالرَّقِيبُ *

[When love divides the tenths of my heart, thy two arrows will be the mo'allà and the rakeeb]: by the سَهْمَانِ, [which properly signifies two arrows, and hence † two portions gained by two gaming-arrows, and then † any two portions,] he means her eyes: and as the معلّى has seven portions and the رقيب has three, the سهمان would gain the whole of his heart. (TA. [See also a verse cited voce عُشْرٌ.])

رَقِيبُ النَّجْمِ signifies ‡ The star, or asterism, that sets with the rising of that [other] star, or asterism: for example, the رقيب of الثُّرَيَّا is الإِكْلِيلُ: [and the former is the رقيب of the latter:] when the latter rises at nightfall, the former sets: (Ṣ, TA:) or رَقِيبٌ signifies the star, or asterism, which [as it were] watches, (يُرَاقِبُ,) in the east, the star, or asterism, setting in the west: or any one of the Mansions of the Moon is the رقيب of another: (Ḳ, TA:) whenever any one of them rises, another [of them] sets: (TA: [see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل; and see also نَوْءٌ:]) and الرَّقِيبُ is † a [certain] star, or asterism, of the stars, or asterisms, [that were believed to be the givers] of rain, that [as it were] watches another star, or asterism: (Ḳ:) [it was app. applied to الإِكْلِيلُ, as being the رقيب of the most noted and most welcome of all the Mansions of the Moon, namely, الثُّرَيَّا: see نَوْءٌ.] The رَقِيب of الثُّرَيَّا is [also] an appellation applied to الدَّبَرَانُ † [i. e. The Hyades; or the five chief stars of the Hyades; or the brightest star among them, α of Taurus]; because a follower thereof: (A:) [and] العَيُّوقُ † [i. e. Capella] is so called as being likened to the رقيب of the game called المَيْسِر. (TA.) [Hence,] one says, لَاآتِيكَ أَوْ يَلْقَى الثُّرَيَّا رَقِيبُهَا ‡ [I will not come to thee unless their رقيب meet the Pleiades]. (A.)

رَقِيبٌ also signifies ‡ A man's successor, (A, Ḳ,) of his offspring, and of his عَشِيرَة [i. e. kinsfolk, or nearer or nearest relations by descent from the same ancestor,, &c.]. (Ḳ.) So in the saying, نِعْمَ الرَّقِيبُ أَنْتَ لِأَبِيكَ وَسَلَفِكَ ‡ [Excellent, or most excellent, is the successor; such art thou to thy father and thine ancestors]: because the successor is like الدَّبَرَان to الثُّرَيَّا. (A.)

And † The son of a paternal uncle. (Ḳ.) [App. because two male cousins by the father's side are often rivals, and watchers of each other; the son of a girl's paternal uncle being commonly preferred as her husband.]

Also † A species of serpent: as though it watched by reason of hatred: (TA:) or a certain malignant serpent: pl. رَقِيبَاتٌ and رُقُبٌ. (T, Ḳ.)

رَقَّابَةٌ A low, or an ignoble, man, a servant, or a slave, syn. رَجُلٌ وَغْدٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) who keeps, guards, or watches, the [utensils and furniture called] رَحْل of a people when they are absent. (Ṣ.)

أَرْقَبُ andرَقَبَانِىٌّ↓, (JK, Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) the latter irregular (Sb, Ṣ, Ḳ) as a rel. n., (Sb,) andرَقَبَانٌ↓, (IDrd, Ḳ,) applied to a man, (Ṣ, IDrd, A,) Thick, (JK, Ṣ, Ḳ,) or large, (A, Mgh, in which latter only the second epithet is mentioned,) in the رَقَبَة [or neck,, &c.]: (JK, Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) the fem. [of the first] is رَقْبَآءُ, (JK, IDrd,) applied to a female slave, (JK,) not applied to a free woman, nor does one say رَقَبَانِيَّةٌ. (IDrd.)

الأَرْقَبُ is also [an epithet] applied to The lion; (Ḳ;) because of the thickness of his رَقَبة. (TA.)

مَرْقَبٌ andمَرْقَبَةٌ↓ An elevated place upon which a spy, or watchman, ascends, or stations himself: (Ṣ, A,* Mṣb, Ḳ:*) [a structure such as is termed] an عَلَم, or a hill, upon which one ascends to look from afar: or, accord. to Sh, the latter signifies a place of observation on the top of a mountain or of a fortress: accord. to AA, the pl., مَرَاقِبُ, signifies elevated pieces of ground. (TA.)

مُرَقَّبٌ A skin, or hide, that is drawn off from the part next to the head (Ṣ, Ḳ) and the رَقَبَة [or neck,, &c.]. (Ṣ.)