Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

شَكَا, (Ḳ,) first pers. شَكَوْتُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) of which شَكَيْتُ is a dial. var., (Ḳ in art. شكى,) aor. ـُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) [and of the latter ـِ,] inf. n. شَكْوٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) or شَكْوَى, (Ḳ,) or this is a simple subst., (Ṣ, Mṣb,) also pronounced شَكْوًى, (Ḳ,) and شِكَايَةٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) with kesr, (Ḳ,) in which the ى is [said to be] substituted for و because most inf. ns. of the measure فِعَالَةٌ of verbs ending with an infirm radical letter are of verbs of which that letter is ى, (TA,) or this also is a simple subst., (Mṣb,) and شَكَاةٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or this too is a simple subst., (Mṣb,) and شَكَاوَةٌ, (Ḳ,) and شَكِيَّةٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) is a trans. verb; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) andاشتكى↓ signifies the same; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) as alsoتشكّى↓: (Ḳ:) one says, شَكَا أَمْرَهُ إِلَى ٱللّٰهِ andاشتكى↓ [i. e. اشتكى أَمْرَهُ], andتشكّى↓ [i. e. تشكّى أَمْرَهُ], (Ḳ, TA,) meaning [He complained of his case to God; or] he told to God the weakness of his condition: (TA:) and شَكَوْتُ فُلَانًا andاِشْتَكَيْتُهُ↓ [I complained to such a one of his conduct to me]; (Ṣ;) [or] شَكَا فُلَانًا means he told such a one of his evil conduct to him: (TA:) and شَكَا فُلَانًا إِلَى فُلَانٍ He complained of such a one to such a one: (MA:) [and شَكَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ كَذَا I complained to him of such a thing:] see 4: and [in like manner]اشتكى↓ إِلَيْهِ كَذَا He complained to him of such a thing: (MA:) andاِشْتَكَيْتُ↓ مِنْهُ [I complained of him, or it; like شَكَوْتُهُ]: (Mṣb:) Er-Rághib says, الشِكَايَةُ is The showing, or revealing, of grief, or sorrow; whence the saying in the Ḳur [xii. 86], إِنَّمَا أَشْكُو بَثِّى وَحُزْنِى إِلَى ٱللّٰهِ [I only show my grief and my lamentation to God]; and in the same [lviii. 1],وَتَشْتَكِى↓ إِلَى ٱللّٰهِ [And showeth her grief, or sorrow, to God]; the primary signification of الشَّكْوُ being the opening of the small skin for water or milk called شَكْوَة, and showing what is in it; so that it is as though originally metaphorical [though what is termed حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفِيَّةٌ (expl. in art. حق)]; like the phrases بَثَثْتُ لَهُ مَا فِى وِعَائِى and نَفَضْتُ لَهُ مَا فِى جِرَابِى, meaning “I showed him what was in my heart.” (TA.)

شَكَا is also said of a camel as meaning He stretched out his neck, and made much moaning, or prolonged utterance of a complaining voice, being fatigued by journeying. (TA.)

And شَكَاهُ, (MA, Ḳ, TA,) inf. n. شَكْوٌ and شَكَاةٌ and شَكْوَى, (MA, TA,) is said in relation to a disease, or sickness; (MA, Ḳ, TA;) meaning He (a diseased, or sick, person) complained of it, namely, his disease, or sickness; (MA; [accord. to the TḲ, followed in this case, as in many others, by Freytag, it means it (i. e. disease, or sickness,) afflicted him; which I think to be indubitably a mistake;]) andتشكّى↓ andاشتكى↓ signify the same [as شَكَا مَرَضَهُ he complained of his disease, or sickness]: (TA:) [or] these two verbs (تشكّى and اشتكى) signify [or signify also] he was, or became, diseased, or sick. (TA in additions at the end of this art.) One says also,اشتكى↓ عُضْوًا مِنْ أَعْضَائِهِ andتشكّى↓, both meaning the same [i. e., originally, He complained of a pain, or disease, in some one of his members; but generally meaning he had a complaint of, or a pain or a disease in, some one of his members; and شَكَا عُضْوًا not unfrequently occurs used in the same sense]: (Ṣ:) [thus one often says of a brute; for ex.,] Aṣ says, in explaining القُلَابُ as meaning “a certain disease that attacks the camel,” يَشْتَكِى↓ مِنْهُ قَلْبَهُ [he has a pain in consequence thereof in his heart; in which قَلْبَهُ, though determinate, may be considered as an explicative, like بَطْنَهُ in the phrase أَلِمَ بَطْنَهُ, q. v.]. (Ṣ in art. قلب.)

One says also, هُوَ يُشْكَى بِكَذَا, meaning He is accused, or suspected, of such a thing; syn. يُتَّهَمُ بِهِ: (Ḳ: [there mentioned as though it were from أُشْكِىَ, and held to be so by the author of the TḲ; but it is from شُكِىَ; as though meaning he is complained of by reason of such a thing:]) mentioned by Yaạḳoob, in the “Alfádh.” (TA.)

شكى فُلَانٌ [thus in my original, app. شَكَا or شَكَى,] is mentioned by Az as meaning The nails of such a one became split in several, or many, places. (TA.)

شَكَّتِ النِّسَآءُ, inf. n. تَشْكِيَةٌ; andاشتكت↓; andتشكّت↓; (Ḳ;) or, accord. to Th, only this last; (TA;) The women took for themselves, or made, a شَكْوَة [q. v.] for the churning of milk; (Ḳ, TA;) because it was little in quantity; the شكوة being small, so that only a small quantity can be churned in it: (TA:) or, as in the T, شكّى andتشكّى↓ he took for himself, or made, a شَكْوَة: (TA:) [or] so اشتكى↓: (Ṣ:) and soاشكى↓. (IḲṭṭ, TA.)

شَكَّى شَاكِيَهُ, inf. n. تَشْكِيَةٌ, expl. in the Ḳ as meaning كَفَّ عَنْهُ and طَيَّبَ نَفْسَهُ, is a foul mistranscription: correctly, سَلَّى شَاكِيَهُ, meaning “He comforted his complainer, and consoled him for that which had befallen him;” as in the Tekmileh. (TA.)

شاكاهُ, inf. n. مُشَاكَاةٌ, He complained of him, i. q. شَكَاهُ: or he told of his deceit, guile, or circumvention, and his vices, or faults. (TA.)

اشكاهُ [He made him, or caused him, to complain;] he did to him that which made him, or caused him, to have need to complain of him. (Ṣ, Mṣb.) He increased his annoyance and complaining. (Az, Ḳ, TA.)

And He removed, or did away with, his complaint; or made his complaint to cease; (Ṣ,* Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) he caused him to be pleased or contented [and so relieved him from his complaint]; syn. أَعْتَبَهُ مِنْ شَكْوَاهُ; (Ṣ, and Ḥar p. 337;) i. e. أَرْضَاهُ; (Ḥar ibid.;) and he desisted from that of which he complained: (Ṣ,* Mṣb:) thus it has two contr. significations. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) Hence the saying, (Mgh, Mṣb, TA,) in a trad., (TA,) شَكَوْنَا↓ إِلَى رَسُولِ ٱللّٰهِ حَرَّ الرَّمْضَآءِ فِى صِيَامِنَا فَلَمْ يُشْكِنَا [We complained, to the Apostle of God, of the heat of the burning ground, in our fasting,] and he did not remove, or cause to cease, our complaint. (Mgh,* Mṣb, TA.) And [hence] one says, اشكى فُلَانًا مِنْ فُلَانٍ, meaning He took for such a one, from such a one, what pleased or contented him [and so relieved him from complaining of him]. (ISd, Ḳ, TA: omitted in the CK.)

Also He told him his complaint, and the desire, or longing of the soul, that he endured. (TA.)

And i. q. وَجَدَهُ شَاكِيًا [which may mean He found him to be complaining, or, as seems to be indicated by what immediately precedes it in the Ḳ, he found him to be complaining of a disease of the slightest sort]: (Ḳ:) or, as in the T, اشكى [app. meaning اشكى حَبِيبَهُ] signifies he found the object of his love, or his friend, to be complaining; expl. by صَادَفَ حَبِيبَهُ يَشْكُو. (TA.)

See also 2.

تشكّى He expressed complaint or lamentation, pain, grief, or sorrow; syn. تَوَجَّعَ; (Mṣb and Ḳ in art. وجع;) he made complaint or lamentation. (MA, KL.) See 1, in four places.

[Hence] one says, تشكّى شَآئِى أَرْضَ كَذَا, meaning † [My sheep or goats] forsook such a land, [as though they complained of it,] and did not go near it. (TA. [But I have substituted شَائِى for what is there written شاكى, an evident mistranscription.])

See also 2, in two places.

تَشَاكَوْا They complained, one to another. (Ḳ.)

شَكْوٌ inf. n. of شَكَا. (Ṣ, Mṣb.)

It is also used in the sense of وَجْدٌ [meaning Grief, mourning, or sorrow]. (TA.)

Also, andشَكْوَى↓, andشَكَاةٌ↓, andشَكَآءٌ↓, andشَكْوَآءُ↓, (Ḳ,) this last mentioned by Az, (TA,) [but it is omitted in some copies of the Ḳ,] A complaint, meaning a disease, malady, or sickness. (Ḳ.)

Also, the first, A small, or young, lamb: or a small, or young, camel: (Ḳ accord. to different copies: in some, الشَّكْوُ having for its explanation الحَمَلُ الصَّغِيرُ, and thus in the TA: in others, الجَمَلُ الصغير:) mentioned by ISd. (TA.)

شَكَاةٌ an inf. n. of شَكَا; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) or a simple subst., like شَكْوَى. (Mṣb.)

See also شَكْوٌ.

Also i. q. عَيْبٌ [A vice, fault,, &c.]. (TA.) [See a verse cited voce رِفَاقٌ.]

شَكْوَةٌ The skin of a sucking kid, (T,* Ṣ, M,*) for milk: that of the جَذَع and of such as is above that [in age] is termed وَطْبٌ; (Ṣ;) or that of the جَذَع is termed سِقَآءٌ; and that of such as is weaned, بَدْرَةٌ: (T, TA:) or a receptacle of skin or leather, for water and for milk, (Ḳ, TA,) or, as some say, in which water is cooled and in which milk is kept close: (TA:) or a small skin for water or milk: or a small receptacle in which water is put: (Er-Rághib, TA:) the dim. is شُكَيَّةٌ↓: (TA:) and the pl. is شَكَوَاتٌ and شِكَآءٌ (Ḳ, TA) and شُكِىٌّ [like as بُدُورٌ is a pl. of بَدْرَةٌ, being originally شُكُووٌ, like as دُلِىٌّ (pl. of دَلْوٌ) is originally دُلُووٌ]. (TA.)

شَكْوَى an inf. n. of شَكَا, as also شَكْوًى; (Ḳ;) or a simple subst. [signifying Complaint]: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) pl. شَكَاوَى. (TA.)

See also شَكْوٌ.

شَكِىٌّ i. q. شَاكٍ↓ [i. e. Complaining]; (Mṣb;) [or a complainer; i. e.] الشَّكِىُّ signifies اَلَّذِى يَشْتَكِى, (Ṣ,) or الذى يَشْكُو. (JM.)

And Pained; syn. مُوجَعٌ; (Ḳ, TA;) in this sense an instance of فَعِيلٌ in the sense of مَفْعُولٌ: (TA:) or causing pain; syn. مُوجِعٌ: [thus accord. to both of my copies of the Ṣ: and this appears to be correct; for it is there immediately added,] El-Tirimmáh says,

* وَسْمِى شَكِىٌّ وَلِسَانِى عَارِمُ *

[which is inconsiderately cited in the TA immediately after the former of these two explanations: I say “inconsiderately” because the meaning evidently is, not that thus indicated in the TA, but, My branding, or stigmatizing, by satire, (for one says وَسَمَهُ بِالهِجَآءِ,) is such as causes pain, and my tongue is vehement: or شَكِىٌّ may here have the last but one of the meanings expl. in this paragraph]: وَسْمِى is from السِّمَةُ. (Ṣ.)

Also Affected with a complaint, meaning disease, malady, or sickness, [app. in an absolute sense, (see شَكْوٌ,) and also] of the least, or lightest, or slightest, sort; and soشَاكٍ↓. (M, Ḳ.)

And i. q.مَشْكُوٌّ↓, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) which is a pass. part. n. of شَكَا; [and therefore signifies Complained of; and also complained to; but mostly seems to be used in the former of these senses;] as alsoمَشْكِىٌّ↓. (Ṣ, Mṣb.)

شِكَايَةٌ an inf. n. of شَكَا; (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or a simple subst., like شَكْوَى. (Mṣb.)

شَكِيَّةٌ an inf. n. of شَكَا. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

And also (TA) a subst. signifying A thing complained of (اِسْمٌ لِمَشْكُوٍّ); like رَمِيَّةٌ a subst. signifying “a thing cast at or shot at” (اِسْمٌ لِمَرْمِيٍّ): (Mṣb, TA:) pl. شَكَايَا. (TA.)

Also A remainder, or remaining portion, (Ḳ and TA in art. شكى,) of a thing: mentioned by Ṣgh. (TA.)

شَكِّىٌّ, (thus in copies of the Ḳ,) or شُكِّىٌّ, with damm to the ش, (TA,) is mentioned in art. شك [q. v.], and J has committed a mistake (Ḳ, TA) in mentioning it here, as Ṣgh has observed: (TA:) [accord. to F, it seems to be a rel. n. applied to a bit, or bridle; for it is said to be so applied in the Ḳ, as well as in the O, in art. شك, in which both explain it as meaning Difficult; and also to a skin; for immediately after asserting that J has committed a mistake, F adds,] and شَكَّى, like حَتَّى, is a town in Armenia, whence [are brought] bits, or bridles, (لُجُم,) and skins, (Ḳ,) [and SM adds that they are termed شكّيّة: but what I find J to have stated is as follows:] الشَّكِىُّ, [thus in one of my copies of the Ṣ,] or الشُكِى, [thus in the other of those copies,] in relation to weapons, is an arabicized word, and is in Turkish لَش or لَشْ. (Ṣ. [But in the JM, this last word is written, as from the Ṣ, تشن: it may therefore be correctly لَشْن, or لَشِن, which, though used in Turkish, is a Pers. word, meaning smooth.])

شَاكٍ: see شَكِىٌّ, in two places.

In the phrase رَجُلٌ شَاكِى السِّلَاحِ, (Ṣ,) which means A man whose weapon is sharp, or whose weapons are sharp, (Ṣ, Ḳ,*) Akh says that شاكى is formed by transposition from شَائِك [q. v. in art. شوك]: (Ṣ:) and accord. to AZ, one says also شَاكٍ فِى السِّلاحِ. (TA in art. شوك.)

And الشَّاكِى [is app. formed in like manner from الشَّائِكُ, and] signifies The lion. (Ḳ.)

مِشْكَاةٌ A niche in a wall; i. e. a hole, or hollow, (كُوَّةٌ,) in a wall, not extending through; (Fr, Ṣ, M, Ḳ, &c.;) in which a lamp, placed therein, gives more light than it does elsewhere: thus expl: by the generality of the expositors [of the Ḳur-án]; and this is said by Ibn-'Ateeyeh to be the most correct explanation: (TA:) said by Aboo-Moosà to mean the iron, or leaden, thing in which is the wick [of the lamp]: thought by Az to mean the tube which is the place of the wick in the glass lamp, as being likened to the كُوَّة which is thus called: (TA:) some expl. it as having this meaning in the Ḳur xxiv. 35, and say that the مِصْبَاح there mentioned is the lighted wick: (Bḍ:) accord. to Mujáhid, the pillar, or the like, (العَمُود,) upon the top, or head, of which the مِصْبَاح [meaning lamp] is put: or the iron things by means of which the قِنْدِيل [or lamp] is suspended: IJ says that its ا is originally و, and hence it is [often] written مِشْكٰوةٌ: and Zj says that it is an Abyssinian word, and used in the language of the Arabs: (TA:) [the pl. is مَشَاكٍ, like مَسَاحٍ pl. of مِسْحَاةٌ:] Kaab says that, in the verse of the Ḳur [xxiv. 35], by the مِشْكَاة is meant the breast of Moḥammad; and by the مِصْبَاح, his tongue; and by the زُجَاجَة, his mouth. (TA.)