Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

شَاخَ, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. يَشِيخُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. شَيَخٌ, with fet-ḥ to the ى, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and شُيُوخَةٌ (Ḳ) and شِيُوخَةٌ (TA) and شُيُوخِيَّةٌ (Ḳ) and شِيُوخِيَّةٌ (Zbd, TA) and شَيْخُوخَةٌ [the most common form, respecting which see what follows,] (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ) and شَيْخُوخِيَّةٌ; (Ḳ;) andشيّخ↓, inf. n. تَشْيِيخٌ; (Ṣ, A, Ḳ;) andتشيّخ↓; (Ḳ;) He became a شَيْخ [i. e. an old, or elderly, man;, &c.]: (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ:) in شَيْخُوخَةٌ, the ى is originally movent [with fet-ḥ], and afterwards made quiescent, for there is not in the language a word of the measure فَعْلُولٌ [except صَعْفُوقٌ, as is said in the Ṣ in art. حيد]: as to the similar words whose medial radical letter is و, as كَيْنُونَةٌ and قَيْدُودَةٌ and دَيْمُومَةٌ and هَيْعُوعَةٌ, these are originally كَيَّنُونَةٌ [for كَيْوَنُونَةٌ, of the measure فَيْعَلُولَةٌ,] and the like, and are contracted; for were it not so, they would be كَوْنُونَةٌ and the like. (Ṣ, L.)

شيّخ: see the preceding paragraph {1}.

شيّخهُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَشْيِيخٌ, (TA,) He called him by the appellation of شَيْخ, to pay him honour, or respect. (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA.)

And شيّخ عَلَيْهِ He attributed or imputed to him, or charged him with, a vice, or fault; blamed, or reproached, him; (Ḳ, TA;) cast a bad, an evil, a foul, or an excessively bad or evil or foul, imputation upon him. (TA.) And شيّخ بِهِ [and so شيّخهُ accord. to an explanation of شَيَّخْتُ الرجل, as on the authority of AZ, in the TA, but this may be a mistranscription for شيّخت بِالرَّجُلِ,] He exposed his vices, faults, or evil actions; disgraced him; or put him to shame. (Ḳ, TA.)

تشيّخ: see 1.

[It signifies also] He feigned, or made a show of, old age. (KL.)

شَيْخٌ (Ṣ, A, Mgh, L, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.) andشَيْخُونٌ↓, (Ḳ,) but the latter is a strange word, mentioned by some of the expositors of the Fṣ, as expressing more than the former word, (MF,) [An old, or elderly, man; an elder, as meaning a man whose age gives him a claim to reverence or respect; a senior;] one advanced in age, (Mgh,) such as is beyond him who is termed كَهْلٌ, (Mgh, Mṣb,) which means him whose شَبَاب [i. e. youthfulness, or prime of manhood,] is ended: (Mgh:) one in whom age has become apparent, (L, Ḳ,) and hoariness: (L:) or a man from the age of fifty, or fifty-one, to the end of his life, or to the age of eighty: (L, Ḳ:) also expl. as meaning a man advanced in age but having strength, or vigour, to fight: and an old and weak, or a decrepit, man, who is of no service: (Mgh:) [in the present day, شَيْخٌ is used in the senses above mentioned; and is also especially applied, as an appellation of honour, to a doctor of religion and law; a head, or chief, of a religious confraternity; a chief of a tribe or the like, and of a village; and to a reputed saint:] fem. شَيْخَةٌ↓, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) an old, or aged, woman; syn. عَجُوزٌ: (A:) [and applied in the present day particularly to a learned woman; an instructress; and the like:] thepl. [of pauc.] of شَيْخٌ is أَشْيَاخٌ (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and شِيخَةٌ (Kr, ISd, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and [of mult.] شُيُوخٌ (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and شِيُوخٌ (Ḳ, with kesr, to agree with the ى, TA) and شِيخَانٌ (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ) and شِيَخَةٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ) and شَيَخَةٌ (A [there said to be like عَبَدَةٌ]) andمَشْيَخَةٌ↓, (Ḳ, and so in one of my copies of the Ṣ,) or this last is a quasi-pl. n., (Mgh, Mṣb,) and [so are] مِشْيَخَةٌ↓ andمَشْيُخَةٌ↓ andمِشْيُخَةٌ↓ (TA) andمَشِيخَةٌ↓ (Ḳ, and so in one of my copies of the Ṣ,) andمَشْيُوخَآءُ↓, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) the last like مَشْيُوحَآءُ and مَعْلُوجَآءُ and مَسْلُومَآءُ and مَعْبُودَآءُ and مَعْيُورَآءُ, which are said to be the only other instances of this form, (TA,) [but to these should be added مَحْمُورَآءُ and مَكْبُورَآءُ and مَتْيُوسَآءُ and perhaps some other instances,] andمَشْيُخَآءُ↓, (Ḳ,) and another pl. is مَشَايِخُ↓, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) or this last is pl. of مَشْيَخَةٌ, (Mgh, Mṣb,) and is disallowed by IDrd and Ḳz (TA) [though very commonly used in the present day, especially as applied to doctors of religion and law]; and the pl. of أَشْيَاخٌ is أَشَايِيخُ, like أَنَايِيبُ pl. of أَنْيَابٌ: (Z, TA:) the dim. of شَيْخٌ is شُيَيْخٌ↓ (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) andشِيَيْخٌ↓, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) with kesr to the ش: (Ṣ:) شُوَيْخٌ↓ is not allowable, (Ṣ, A,) or is rare. (Ḳ.)

[الشَّيْخَانِ, The two Sheykhs, is a title peculiarly applied to the first two Khaleefehs, Aboo-Bekr and ʼOmar.]

شَيْخٌ also signifies † A woman's husband, (Ḳ,) though young: and in like manner, a man's wife, whether old or young, is called his عَجُوز. (Az, TA in art. عجز.)

[And ‡ An ancestor. Accord. to a copy of the A that seems to have been used by the author of the TA, one says, وَرِثَ مِنْ مَشِيخَةِ الكَرَم and من أَشْيَاخِهِ, which is tropical, meaning مِنْ آبَائِهِ: but the right reading is evidently من مَشِيخَتِهِ↓, and الكَرَمَ; and the meaning, ‡ He inherited, from his ancestors, generosity.]

شَيْخُ النَّارِ means ‡ Iblees: because he was created of fire, or because his ultimate place will be the fire of Hell. (Ḥar p. 130.)

And الشَّيْخُ † The mountain-goat that is advanced in age, or fullgrown. (TA.)

And † The milk-skin. (TA.)

أَشْيَاخُ النُّجُومِ i. q. أُصُولُهَا, (Ḳ,) i. e. † The seven [or five] planets; (TḲ;) or the دَرَارِىْء [also applied by some to the five planets, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn]; accord. to IAạr, اشياخ النجوم, (TA in this art.,) or أَسْنَاخُ النُّجُومِ as is related by Th, (TA in art. سنخ,) means the stars that do not make their [temporary] abode in the Mansions of the Moon, which [latter] are called نُجُومُ الأَخْذِ: ISd says, I think that he means, by the نجوم, the fixed stars: Th says that they are called only أَسْنَاخُ النُّجُومِ, i. e. the أُصُول thereof, around which the [other] stars revolve, and pursue their courses. (TA. [See also سِنْخٌ, last sentence.])

شَيْخٌ signifies also A certain tree; (AZ, Ḳ, TA;) also called شَجَرَةُ الشُّيُوخِ, the fruit of which is a جِرْو [q. v.] like that of the خِرِّيع, which is the bastard saffron (شَجَرَةُ العُصْفُرِ); it grows in the meadows, and the قُرْيَان [or places where water runs to, or in, or into, meadows,, &c.]. (AZ, TA.)