Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

صَبَأَ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَصْبَأُ}, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. صُبُوْءٌ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ, [in the last of which it is implied that this verb in all its senses except the last has صَبْءٌ also for an inf. n., and likewise صَبُؤَ as a syn. form, but this I do not find authorized by any other lexicon,]) said of the tush (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) of a camel (Ṣ, M) and of a cloven-hoofed animal and of a solid-hoofed animal, (M,) and said of a cloven hoof, (Ḳ, [but this, I doubt not, is a mistake, for in the place of صَبَأَ الظِّلْفُ والنَّابُ, the reading in the Ḳ, I find in the M صَبَأَ نَابُ الظِّلْفِ وَالخُفِّ وَالحَافِرِ, and the like in the L,]) It grew forth; (M, Ḳ;) or its point, or extremity, grew forth: (Ṣ:) and accord. to the Ḳ, it appears that اصبأ↓ signifies the same; but this is not the case. (TA.) And صَبَأَت said of the ثَنِيَّة [i. e. a central incisor] of a boy, It grew forth. (Ṣ.)

Also, said of a star, (M, Ḳ,) and of the moon, (M,) It rose; and soاصبأ↓: (M, Ḳ:) or تَصْبَأَ النُّجُومُ the stars come forth from their places of rising: (AO, Ṣ:) or صَبَأَتِ النُّجُومُ the stars appeared: (TA:) andاصبأ↓ النَّجْمُ the Pleiades [antonomastically called النجم] rose. (Ṣ.)

[Hence,] صَبَأَ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) or صَبَأَ مِنْ دِينِهِ إِلَى دِينٍ آخَرَ, (AO, Ṣ, Mṣb,*) aor. ـَ {يَصْبَأُ}, (M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. صُبُوْءٌ (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) and صَبْءٌ; and صَبُؤَ, (M, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَصْبُأُ}, (TA,) inf. n. صُبُوْءَةٌ; (CK [but not in the TA nor in my MṢ. copy of the Ḳ];) † He departed from his religion to another religion; (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ;) like as the stars come forth from their place of rising. (AO, Ṣ.) And صَبَأَ, (Ṣ,) or صَبَأَ فِى دِينِهِ, aor. ـَ {يَصْبَأُ}, inf. n. صُبُوْءٌ, (T, TA,) He was, or became, a صَابِئ [or Sabian]. (T, Ṣ, TA. [See صَابِئٌ, below.])

And صَبَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ, (Ṣ, M,) aor. ـَ {يَصْبَأُ}, (Ṣ,) inf. n. صَبْءٌ and صُبُوْءٌ, He came forth upon them; (Ṣ, M;) as alsoاصبأ↓: (M:) and accord. to IAạr, صَبَأَ عَلَيْهِ he came forth, or went forth, upon him, or against him: and he inclined against him with enmity: (TA:) or he came, or came forth, upon him unexpectedly: whence, he says, the word صُبًّا in the saying of the Prophet, لَتَعُودُونَّ فِيهَا أَسَاوِدَ صُبًّا, [which see in art. صب,] the said word being of the measure فُعَّلًا, [originally صُبَّأً,] and the ء being suppressed: (L in art. صب:) andأَصْبَأَهُمْ↓ signifies he came upon them suddenly, not having knowledge of their place. (Ḳ.)

One says also, صَبَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ العَدُوَّ, (M,* Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَصْبَأُ}, inf. n. صَبْءٌ; (M;) as also صَبَعَ; (TA;) He guided to them (M, Ḳ) the enemy: (Ḳ:) mentioned by IAạr, from AZ. (TA.)

Andقُدِّمَ إِلَيْهِ طَعَامٌ فَمَا صَبَأَ وَلَا أَصْبَأَ↓ Food was presented to him, and he did not put (M, Ḳ *) his hand (M) or his finger (إِصْبَعَهُ Ḳ) into it, or upon it: (M, Ḳ: [see also صَبَعَ:]) mentioned by IAạr. (M.) And صَبَأَ فِى الطَّعَامِ, aor. ـُ {يَصْبُأُ}, He [app. a camel] put his head into the food: as also صَبَغَ. (O in art. صبغ.) And صَبَأَتْ فِيهَا رَأْسَهَا [or فِيهِ, She put her head into it]; like صَبَغَتْ. (TA in that art.)

صَابِئٌ [part. n. of صَبَأَ: and as such signifying] One who departs from his religion to another religion. (Mṣb.) The Arabs used to call the Prophet الصَّابِى [for الصَّابِئُ], because he departed from the religion of Kureysh to El-Islám; and him who entered the religion of El-Islám, مَصْبُوٌّ, changing the ء to و; and the Muslims [collectively], الصُّبَاةٌ, as though pl. of الصَّابِىِ, without ء, like قُضَاةٌ and غُزَاةٌ pls. of قَاضٍ and غَازٍ. (TA.) And [the pl.] الصَّابِئُونَ in the Ḳur [v. 73, &c.,] is said by Zj to mean Those who depart from one religion to another. (TA.)

Then this appellation, صَابِئٌ, was applied to [Any individual of] a certain sect of the unbelievers, [the Sabians,] said to worship the stars secretly, and openly to profess themselves to belong to the Christians: they are called الصَّابِئَةُ and الضَّابِئُونَ: and they assert that they are of the religion of Sábi the son of Sheyth [or Seth] the son of Adam: their appellation may also be pronounced الصَّابِيُونَ, and thus Náfi' read it [in the Ḳur]: (Mṣb:) or the صَابِئُونَ are a certain class of the people who possess revealed scripture: (Ṣ:) or a people whose religion resembles that of the Christians, except that their kibleh is towards the place whence blows the [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب: (Lth, T, TA:) [or] whose kibleh is from (مِنْ [or this may mean some point of]) the place whence blows the [north, or northerly, wind called] شَمَال at midday: (M, Ḳ:) or, accord. to some, their kibleh is the Kaabeh: (MF:) and they assert that they are of the religion of Noah, (Lth, T, M, Ḳ,) lyingly: (Lth, T, M:) in the R it is said that they are thus called in relation to Sábi the son of Lámak [or Lamech], the brother of Noah: Bḍ says, it is said that they are worshippers of the angels: and it is said that they are worshippers of the stars: and that their appellation is Arabic; from صَبَأَ “he departed from a religion;” or from صَبَا “he inclined,” because of their inclining from truth to falsehood. (MF, TA.)