Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

صَبَّ, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ, &, c.,) aor. ـُ {يَصْبُبُ}, inf. n. صَبٌّ, (M, Mṣb,) He poured out, or forth (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ) water (Ṣ, M, Mṣb) and the like. (M.) One says, صَبَبْتُ لِفُلَانٍ مَآءً فِى القَدَحِ لِيَشْرَبَهُ [I poured out for such a one water into the drinkingcup that he might drink it]. (TA. [See also 8.])

Hence [† He paid down a price, or sum of money:] it is said in a trad.,إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكَ أَنْ أَصَبَّ لَهُمْ ثَمَنَكَ صُبَّةً↓ وَاحِدَةً, meaning [† If thy family like that I should pay down to them thy price] at once, or at one time. (L, TA.)

And صَبَّ الحَبْلَ فِى البِئْرِ [† He lowered, or let down, the rope into the well] on the occasion of drawing water. (M in art. تل.)

And لَمْ يَصُبَّ رَأْسَهُ † He did not bend down his head: occurring in a trad. relating to prayer. (T, TA.)

And صُبَّ رِجْلَا فُلَانٍ فِى القَيْدِ ‡ The legs of such a one were [put into the shackles, or] shackled. (Z, L, TA.)

And صَبَّ دِرْعَهُ ‡ He put on, or clad himself with, his coat of mail: (A, TA:) and صَبَبْتُهَا عَلَيْهِ ‡ [I put it on him]. (A.)

And صَبَّ عَلَيْهِ نَفْسَهُ ‡ [He threw himself upon him]. (A.)

And هُوَ يَصُبُّ إِلَىَّ الخَيْرَ ‡ [He pours forth to me wealth]. (A, TA.)

And صَبَّ ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِمْ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ ‡ [God poured upon them a portion, or a share, or vehemence, or severity, of punishment; or] God punished them. (A,* TA. [See also سَوْطٌ.]) And صَبَّ ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ صَاعِقَةً ‡ [God poured upon him a thunderbolt, or a destructive punishment,, &c.]. (A, TA.) See also another ex. voce صَبٌّ.

And صُبَّ, (Ḳ, TA,) in the pass. form, said of a man, and of a thing, (TA,) † He, or it, was annihilated, caused to pass away, or done away with. (Ḳ, TA. [See also R. Q. 2.])

See also 7, with which it is syn. in the first of the senses assigned to the latter below.

[Hence, app.,] صَبَّ فِى الوَادِى † He descended into the valley. (M, Ḳ.) Andاِنْصَبَّتْ↓ قَدَمَاهُ فِى بَطْنِ الوَادِى, occurring in a trad., means † His feet descended [into the interior, or bottom, of the valley]: (TA:) or انْصَبَّتْ قَدَمَاهُ فِى الوَادِى means † his feet rested in the valley; from اِنْصَبَّ said of water. (Mgh.)

And صَبَّتِ الحَيَّةُ عَلَى المَلْدُوغِ, (Ṣ,* TA,) orانصبّت↓, (A,) ‡ [The serpent darted down upon the person bitten by it], said of the serpent when it has raised itself desiring to bite. (Ez-Zuhree, Ṣ, TA.*) Andانصبّ↓ البَازِى عَلَى الصَّيْدِ ‡ [The hawk, or falcon, stooped upon the prey, or quarry]. (A, TA.) And صَبَّ ذُؤَالَةُ عَلَى غَنَمِ فُلَانٍ (A,* TA) ‡ The wolf [rushed upon or] made havock among the sheep, or goats, of such a one. (TA.)

صَبَّ, (IAạr, A, TA,) sec. pers. صَبِبْتَ, (Ṣ, M,* Ḳ,) aor. يَصَبُّ, (IAạr, TA,) inf. n. صَبَابَةٌ, (IAạr, Ṣ,* M, A, Ḳ,* TA,) He (a man) was, or became, affected with excessive love, or with attachment, or admiring love, (IAạr, Ṣ, TA,) and desire: (Ṣ:) or with desire: (M, A, Ḳ:) or with tenderness of desire, (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ,) and ardour thereof: (Ṣ:) or with tenderness of love. (M, Ḳ.) One says, صَبِبْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I was, or became, affected with excessive love,, &c., for him]. (M, A,* TA.*) And صَبَّ بِهَا and إِلَيْهَا He was, or became, affected with desire, or vehement desire, [&c.,] of, or for, her. (MA.)

Lh mentions, among what is said by the women of the Arabs of the desert on the occasion of fascinating by means of charms, صَبٌّ↓ َٱصْبَبْ إِلَيْهِ, i. e. أَرِقٌ فَأْرَقْ إِلَيْهِ [as though meaning May he be sleepless by reason of love, and I will be sleepless for him: but I incline to think that the explanation has been corrupted by a copyist from رَقَّ فَأَرِقَّ إِلَيْهِ, or لَهُ, meaning may he be tender-hearted to me, and I will be tenderhearted to him]. (M, L, TA.)

أَصَبُّوا They (a company of men, TA) took their way down a declivity, or declivous place. (M, Ḳ, TA.)

تَصَابَبْتُ المَآءَ I drank what remained of the water (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) in a vessel: (Ṣ, A:) [or] you say, تصابّ الصُّبَابَةَ andاصطبّها↓ andتصبّبها↓ [he drank what remained of the water, or of the milk, in a vessel]; (M, L;) all signifying the same. (L, TA.)

And [hence,] تَصَابَّ فُلَانٌ المَعِيشَةَ بَعْدَ فُلانٍ [lit. Such a one drank the remains of life after such a one], meaning ‡ such a one outlived such a one: (A,* TA:) and تَصَابَبْتُهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ إِلَّا وَاحِدًا ‡ [I outlived them all except one]. (TA.) Esh-Shemmákh says, (M,) or El-Akhtal, (TA,)

* لَقَوْمٌ تَصَابَبْتُ المَعِيشَةَ بَعْدَهُمْ *

* أَعَزُّ عَلَىَّ مِنْ عِفَآءٍ تَغَيَّرَا *

‡ [Verily the loss of a people whom I have outlived is more severe to me than abundant and long hair that has become altered in colour]: he means, the loss of those with whom I was in a state of ease and plenty is more severe to me than my hair's becoming white: (M:) Az says, he likens what remained of his life to the remains of beverage that he was sipping up. (TA.)

انصبّ It (water, Ṣ, M, and the like, M) poured out or forth, or became poured out or forth; (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ;) as alsoصَبَّ↓, (M, Mṣb, Ḳ,)) aor. ـِ {يَصْبِبُ}, (Mṣb, TA,) inf. n. صَبِيبٌ; (Mṣb;) andتصبّب↓, (M, Ḳ,) which is of a form rarely occurring as that of a quasi-pass. of an unaugmented triliteral verb, being generally that of the quasi-pass. of a verb of the form فَعَّلَ; (MF, TA;) [but this app. denotes its doing so repeatedly; and abundantly, like تَدَفَّقَ, q. v.;] andاصطبّ↓. (Ḳ.) One says, المَآءُ يَنْصَبُّ مِنَ الجَبَلِ, (TA,) andيَتَصَبَّبُ↓ من الجبل, (Ṣ, TA,) The water descends, little by little, from the mountain. (Ṣ, TA.) Andتصبّب↓ العَرَقُ [The sweat flowed], and الدَّمُ [the blood]. (A.) Andتَصَبَّبْتُ↓ عَرَقًا [which may be rendered I flowed with sweat] is a phrase of the Arabs, meaning تصبّب عَرَقِى [my sweat flowed]: thus the act is literally ascribed to the speaker, and what is essentially the agent becomes a specificative: it is not allowable to say عَرَقًا تَصَبَّبْتُ; for, as it is not allowable to put the agent before the verb, so it is not allowable to put the specificative, when it is virtually the agent, before the verb. (IJ, M.)

One says also, انصبّ الكُوزُ [The mug had its contents poured out or forth]. (TA in art. دفق.)

See also 1, in three places.

انصب النَّاسُ عَلَى المَآءِ [generally implies descent, but] means † The people collected together, or assembled, at the water. (Mṣb.)

[And انصبّ is often said of a place, or the ground, &c., meaning † It sloped downwards.]

[Har (p. 125) uses the phrase تَنْصَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهْوِ, meaning (as there expl.) † Thou inclinest to diversion, or sport..]

اصطبّ المَآءَ is expl. by Sb as signifying He took for himself the water; agreeably with general analogy: (M:) [but it is more properly rendered he poured out for himself the water:] one says, اِصْطَبَبْتُ لِنَفْسِى مَآءً مِنَ القِرْبَةِ لِأَشْرَبَهُ [I poured out for myself water from the skin that I might drink it]: and اِصْطَبَبْتُ لِنَفْسِى قَدَحًا [I poured out for myself a cup]. (TA.)

See also 6.

And see 7.

صَبْصَبَهُ † He annihilated it, caused it to pass away, or did away with it; (M, Ḳ;*) namely, a thing. (M.)

And † He dispersed it, or scattered it: (Ḳ:) he (a man) dispersed, or scattered, it, namely, an army, or property or wealth. (AA, Ḳ.)

تَصَبْصَبَ † It was, or became, annihilated, caused to pass away, or done away with; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ;) it passed, or went, away; said of a thing. (Ṣ, M. [See also صُبَّ.])

† It (the night, M, A, Ḳ, and the day, AZ, TA, and the heat, A) passed, or went, away, (AZ, M, A, Ḳ,) except a small portion, (AZ, M, TA,) or for the most part. (A. Ḳ.)

† It (what was in a water-skin, or milk-skin,) became little in quantity. (Fr, TA.)

† It (a company of men) became dispersed, or scattered. (M, TA.)

He (a man) was, or became, very bold, or daring, and very adverse, or repugnant, (M,* Ḳ,* TA,) عَلَيْنَا [against us]. (TA.)

And, said of a day, It was, or became, intensely hot. (M, Ḳ,* TA.)

صَبٌّ is an inf. n. [and is] used [as an epithet] in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ, or of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (TA:) [thus it is used as an epithet] applied to water, [meaning Pouring out or forth, or poured out or forth,] like as are سَكْبٌ and غَوْرٌ: (Ṣ, TA: [see also صَابٌّ and صَبِيبٌ:]) and hence, in ʼAlee's description of Aboo-Bekr, when he died, كُنْتَ عَلَى الكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا صَبًّا † [Thou wast, against, or upon, the unbelievers, a punishment pouring forth, or poured forth]. (TA.)

And [hence, app.,] one says, ضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبًا صَبًّا, meaning † He smote him with the edge of the sword [as though with a smiting pouring down, or poured down]; as also حَدْرً. (IAạr, L, TA.)

One says also, ضَرَبَهُ مِائِةً فَصَبًّا, (TA,) or أَخَذَ مِائَةً فَصَبًّا, (A,) meaning, ‡ [He smote him with a hundred blows, or he took a hundred,] and less than that, i. e. فَدُونَ ذٰلِكَ, (TA,) contr. of فَصَاعِدًا; (A;) or and more [than that], or above [that], i. e. like فَصَاعِدًا, (A, TA,) i. e. مَا فَوْقَ ذٰلِكَ. (TA.)

Andصُبَّ↓ عَلَيْهِ البَلَآءُ, مِنْ صَبٍّ, meaning ‡ [Trial, or affliction, was poured upon him] from above. (A, TA.)

Also, applied to a man, Affected with excessive love, or with attachment, or admiring love, (IAạr, Ṣ, A,* TA,) and desire: (Ṣ:) or with desire: (M, A,* Ḳ:) or with tenderness of desire, (Ṣ,* M, A,* Ḳ,) and ardour thereof: (Ṣ:* [see صَبَّ:]) or with tenderness of love. (M, Ḳ.) One says, هُوَ صَبٌّ بِهَا [and إِلَيْهَا (see صَبَّ)] He is affected with excessive love of her;, &c.: (A:) fem. صَبَّةٌ: (M, Ḳ:) dual masc. صَبَّانِ, pl. masc. صَبُّونَ; dual. fem. صَبَّتَانِ, pl. fem. صَبَّاتٌ: thus accord. to those who hold رَجُلٌ صَبٌّ to be similar to رَجُلٌ فَهِمٌ and حَذِرٌ, originally صَبِبٌ: (TA:) [hence it appears that some hold صَبٌّ to be originally an inf. n., and therefore use it as an epithet in its original form, without regard to gender or number: but] accord. to Sb, صَبٌّ is [originally] of the measure فَعِلٌ, because you say صَبِبْتُ صَبَابَةً, like as you say قَنِعْتُ قَنَاعَةً. (M.) See also 1, last sentence.

صُبٌّ: see صُبَّةٌ.

Accord. to AO, it may also be pl. ofصَبُوبٌ↓ or of صَابٌّ↓: but Az says that, accord. to others, it is not pl. of either of these two words; their pl. being صُبُبٌ: (L, TA:) it is said in a trad., (Ṣ, L, TA,) respecting conflicts and factions, or seditions, (L, TA,) لَتَعُودُنَّ فِيهَا أَسَاوِدَ صُبًّا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ: (Ṣ, L, TA:) here by أَسَاوِد are meant “[great and noxious] serpents:” (L, TA:) and صُبًّا, accord. to Ez-Zuhree, is from الصَّبُّ [“the act of pouring out or forth”]; for the serpent, he says, when it desires to bite, raises itself, and then darts down (lit. pours down) upon him that is bitten: (Ṣ, L, TA:) [as though the meaning were, Ye will be, therein, like great and noxious serpents, one portion of you smiting the necks of another portion:] Ez-Zuhree says that صُبًّا is pl. ofصَبُوبٌ↓, and originally صُبُبًا; like as رَجُلٌ صَبٌّ is originally صَبِبٌ; and so says IAmb: but IAạr is related to have said that أَسَاوِد means companies, pl. of سَوَادٌ; and صُبًّا, pouring, one upon another, with slaughter: and some say that it is صُبَّى, in measure like حُبْلَى; and it is said to be from صَبَا, [for صَبَا إِلَى الدُّنْيَا,] aor. يَصْبُو, meaning “he inclined to the things of the present world;” and thus to be like غُزَّى, pl. of غَازٍ: [see صَابٍ, in art. صبو:] IAar used also to say that it is originally صُبَّأً, with ء, [pl. of صَابِئٌ,] from صَبَأً عَلَيْهِ “he came, or came forth, upon him unexpectedly.” (L, TA.)

صُبَّةٌ A quantity of wheat or food, &c., that is poured out or forth (M, Ḳ) together, or collectedly; (M;) also (M, Ḳ) sometimes (M) termed صُبٌّ↓. (M, Ḳ.) See also 1, near the beginning.

And A سُفْرَة [or piece of skin in which the traveller puts his food; or the thing upon which one eats]; (M, Ḳ;) so called because the food is poured into it, or upon it: (M:) or a thing like the سُفْرَة: (M, Ḳ:) and صُنَّةٌ, with ن, signifies the same. (M.)

See also صُبَابَةٌ, with which it is syn.

Also A company of men: (M, Mṣb, Ḳ:) [app. tropical; but it is said that] this is the primary meaning, and it is used in relation to camels, and sheep or goats, and the like, tropically. (TA.)

‡ A detached number of horses, (Ṣ, M, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and of camels, (A, Ḳ,) and of sheep or goats, (A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and of dirhems, or pieces of money: (A:) or from ten to forty: (A, Ḳ:) or from twenty to thirty and forty of camels and of sheep or goats: or less than a hundred (M, A, Ḳ) of camels: (M, Ḳ:) or of camels i. q. صِرْمَةٌ: (Ṣ:) and from ten to forty of goats: (AZ, Ṣ:) or a flock of sheep or a herd of goats, as being likened to a company of men: (TA:) or from twenty to forty of sheep and of goats; or peculiarly of goats: or about fifty: or from sixty to seventy: and of camels about five or six: (IAth, TA:) and a collection of dirhems, or pieces of money, and of wheat, or food, &c.: and a piece of a thing: (Mṣb:) [or] a small quantity or portion of wealth or property. (M, Ḳ.)

And † A part, or portion, of the night: so in the saying, مَضَتْ صُبَّةٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ † [A part, or portion, of the night passed]. (Ṣ.)

صَبَبٌ The descent, (تَصَوُّب, M, L, TA, in the Ḳ erroneously written تَصَبُّب, TA,) of a river, or rivulet, or channel of water, or of a road, down a declivity. (M, L, Ḳ, TA.)

And A declivity, declivous place, or ground sloping down; (M, A, Ḳ, TA;) and (TA) so صَبِيبٌ↓, of which the pl. is أَصْبَابٌ; (Ṣ, TA;) so tooصَبُوبٌ↓ andصُبُوبٌ↓, with fet-ḥ and with damm; (TA;) [i. e.]الصَّبُوبُ↓ signifies that down which you descend, or have descended, (مَا ٱنْصَبَبْتَ فِيهِ,) and its pl. is صُبُبٌ [like عُمُدٌ pl. of عَمُودٌ]; (M, TA;) [and soالصُّبُوبُ↓;] or, as some say, الصَّبُوبُ↓, with fet-ḥ, is a name for the water, &c., that is poured out upon a man, like طَهُورٌ and غَسُولٌ; andصُبُوبٌ↓, with damm, is pl. of صَبَبٌ: but AZ mentions his having heard the Arabs apply صَبُوبٌ↓ to a declivity, or declivous place; and says that its pl. is صُبُبٌ: (TA:) and الصَّبَبُ مِنَ الرَّمْلِ signifies what has poured out or forth or down, of sand: (M, Ḳ:*) and the pl. of صَبَبٌ is أَصْبَابٌ. (M, Ḳ.)

صَبُوبٌ [app. syn. with صَابٌّ↓ as part. n. of the intrans. verb صَبَّ, signifying Pouring out or forth or down; or like the latter but having an intensive meaning]: see صُبٌّ, in two places.

See also صَبَبٌ, in four places.

صَبِيبٌ [Poured out or forth: (see also صَبٌّ, first sentence:) or, as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] water poured out or forth; syn. مَآءٌ مَصْبُوبٌ↓. (M, Ḳ.)

And (M, Ḳ) some say (M) Blood: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) and sweat; (Ḳ;) as in the saying,

* هَوَاجِرُ تَحْتَلِبُ الصَّبِيبَا *

[Vehement midday-heats that draw forth the sweat]: (TA:) [or what is poured forth of sweat and of blood; for] one says, جَرَى صَبِيبُ العَرَقِ and الدَّمِ [What was poured forth, of the sweat and of the blood, ran, or flowed]. (A.)

And (M, Ḳ) some say (M) The expressed juice of عَنْدَم [or dragon's blood]. (M, Ḳ.)

And (M, Ḳ) some say (M) A certain red dye. (M, Ḳ.)

And (Ḳ) The juice of the leaves of sesame: (Ṣ, M,* Ḳ:*) AʼObeyd (so in a copy of the Ṣ, or Aboo-ʼObeydeh accord. to the TA,) says, it is the juice of the leaves of sesame, or of some other plant, which was described to me in Egypt, the colour of which juice is red tinged with blackness: and some say, it is the expressed juice of the leaves of the حِنَّآء [q. v.]. (Ṣ, TA.)

And عُصْفُر [i. e. Safflower]: (Ḳ:) or purified عُصْفُر. (Ṣ.)

And A kind of tree [or plant] resembling سَذَاب [or rue], (M, Ḳ,) with which the hair is dyed. (M.)

And Senna, (M, Ḳ,) with which beards are dyed, as with حِنَّآء. (M.)

And A certain thing [or plant] resembling the وَسْمَة [or وَسِمَة, q. v.], (M, Ḳ, TA,) with which beards are dyed. (TA.)

Also Hoar-frost. (AA, Ḳ.) AA cites, as descriptive of the sky,

* وَلَيْسَ بهَا الَّا صَبًا وَصَبِيبُهَا *

[And there is not in it aught save east wind and its hoar-frost]. (TA.)

And Good, or excellent, honey. (Ḳ.)

Also, (Ḳ,) or صَبِيبُ سَيْفٍ, (TA,) The extremity of a sword: (Ḳ, TA:) or the extremity next the سِيلَان [q. v.] thereof: or, as some say, its سيلان absolutely. (TA.)

See also صَبَبٌ.

صَبَابَةٌ [is an inf. n., mentioned as such in the latter part of the first paragraph, and, when used as a simple subst.,] signifies [Excessive love, or attachment, or admiring love: (see its verb:) or] desire: (M, A, Ḳ:) or tenderness of desire, (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ,) and ardour thereof: (Ṣ:) or tenderness of love. (M, Ḳ.)

صُبَابَةٌ andصُبَّةٌ↓ A portion, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) or a small quantity, (Fr, A, and AʼObeyd in explanation of the former,) of water, (Fr, Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and of milk, (M, Ḳ,) or of wine, or beverage, (AʼObeyd,) remaining (AʼObeyd, Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ) in a vessel. (AʼObeyd, Ṣ, M, Mṣb.)

* صُبَابَتِى تُرْوِى وَلَيْسَتْ غِيلَا *

My remaining portion of water in the vessel, &c. satisfies thirst, though it is not water running [copiously] upon the surface of the earth, is a prov., applied to him who makes use of that which is bestowed though it be not much. (Meyd, TA.*) In the following verse, cited by IAạr,

* وَلَيْلٍ هَدَيْتُ بِهِ فِتْيَةً *

*سُقُوا بِصُبَابِ↓ الكَرَى الأَغْيَدِ *

‡ [During many a night have I guided in the right way young men infused with the remains of drowsiness that made them to bend their necks from side to side], صُبَاب may be put for صُبَابَة; or it may be pl. of the latter, [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which صُبَابَة is the n. un.,] like as شَعِيرٌ is of شَعِيرَةٌ: the poet uses this word metaphorically, in relation to drowsiness, like as he has used the word سُقُوا. (M, L, TA.) One says also لَمْ أُدْرِكْ مِنَ العَيْشِ إِلَّا صُبَابَةً and إِلَّا صُبَابَاتٍ ‡ [I did not attain, or obtain, of life, save a small remainder and small remains]. (A, TA.)

صَبْصَبٌ, (M, Ḳ,) applied to a camel, (M,) Thick, or big, and strong; as alsoصُبَاصِبٌ↓, (M, Ḳ, TA, in the CK صَبَاصِب,) so applied; (M;) andصَبْصَابٌ↓, (Ḳ,) likewise so applied. (TA.)

صَبْصَابٌ: see what next precedes.

Also, applied to a [journey such as is termed] قَرَب, Hard, or severe: (M, TA:) and, applied to a [journey such as is termed] خِمْس, i. q. بَصْبَاصٌ (Aṣ, Ṣ, Ḳ) and حَصْحَاصٌ, i. e., in which is no delay, or intermission, nor any flagging. (Aṣ, TA.)

And الصَّبْصَابُ also signifies What remains of the thing: or what is poured out from it; (Ḳ, TA;) i. e., from the thing; by which is here said to be meant the water-skin or milk-skin. (TA.)

الأَصَبُّ [app. a dial. var. of الأَصَمُّ], an epithet applied to the month رَجَبٌ: (TA in art. حرم:) see مُحَرَّمٌ.

[مَصَبٌّ A place where water, or the like, pours out or forth, from a river into another river or into the sea, &c., or from a tank or a gutter, &c., and from high ground into a valley (see ضَاجِعَةٌ); and a sink, or sink-hole: pl. مَصَابُّ (occurring in the Ṣ and Ḳ in art. رفق, &c.).]

[مِصْبَابٌ, accord. to Reiske, signifies A ship: so says Freytag: but for this I find no authority.]