Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

صَبَا, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) aor. يَصْبُو, inf. n. صَبْوَةٌ, (Ṣ,) or صَبْوٌ, (M, Ḳ,) and صُبُوٌّ (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) and صِبًا [also written صِبًى, in the CK (erroneously) صَبًى,] and صَبَآءٌ, (M, Ḳ,) [app., in its primary acceptation, He was a youth, or boy, or child; agreeably with an explanation of a phrase in what follows, and with explanations of صِبًا and صَبَآءٌ which will be found below:]

[and hence,] He was, or became, youthfully ignorant, or foolish, or silly: (M, Ḳ:) [and, as seems to be indicated in the TA, he indulged in amorous dalliance; a sense in which the verb, more especially with صِبًا (q. v. infrà) for its inf. n., is very frequently used:] or he inclined to ignorant, or foolish, or silly, and youthful, conduct; and in like manner تصابى↓; from الصِّبَا, which is from الشَّوْق [i. e. “desire”]: (Ṣ: [see an ex. of the inf. n. of the latter verb in a verse cited voce شَابَ, in art. شيب:]) or صِبًا and صَبَآءٌ, as inf. ns., signify the inclining the heart to any one; and have other significations expl. in what follows: andتَصَابٍ↓ signifies the manifesting passionate love, and desire: (KL:) [but صِبًا and صَبَآءٌ are often used in different senses: thus Et-Tebreezee says that] in the following hemistich of a poem by Dureyd Ibn-Eṣ-Ṣimmeh,

* صَبَا مَا صَبَا حَتَّى عَلَا الشَّيْبُ رَأْسَهُ *

the first صبا may be from الصِّبَى [or الصِّبَا], and the second صبا from الصَّبَآءُ signifying الفَتَآءُ; so that the meaning may be, He engaged in play, or sport, and الصِّبَى [or amorous dalliance,, &c.], as long as he was a youth, [until hoariness came upon his head;] or the meaning may be, he engaged in الصِّبِى as long as he engaged therein,, &c. (Ḥam p. 380.) And صَبِىَ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) [aor. يَصْبَى,] inf. n. صَبَآءٌ, (Ṣ,) or صِبًا, (M,) [or both, as will appear from what follows,] signifies He played, or sported, with the صِبْيَان [i. e. youths, or boys, or children]: (Ṣ:) or he acted in the manner of the صِبْيَان: (M, Ḳ:*) or both صِبًا and صَبَآءٌ, as inf. ns., signify the acting as a youth, or boy, or child; and the playing, or sporting, with youths, or boys, or children: (KL:) andتصبّى↓ andتصابى↓, said of an old man, signify he acted in a youthful, boyish, or childish, manner. (TA.)

صَبَا, inf. n. صُبُوٌّ and صَبْوَةٌ, also signifies He inclined. (Mṣb.) You say, صَبَا إِلَيْهَا He inclined to her, namely, a woman; as also صَبِىَ: and in like manner, صَبَتْ إِلَيْهِ and صَبِيَتْ [She inclined to him]. (M. [See also صُبٌّ, in art. صب.]) And صَبَا إِلَيْهِ, (M,) or إِلَيْهَا, (Ḳ,) inf. n. صَبْوَةٌ (M, Ḳ) and صُبْوَةٌ (Ḳ) and صُبُوٌّ; (M, Ḳ;) and صَبِىَ; (Ḳ;) He yearned towards, longed for, or desired, (M, Ḳ,) him, (M,) or her: (Ḳ.)

[Hence, app.,] صَبَتِ النَّخْلَةُ, (M, Ḳ,) aor. تَصْبُو, (M,) The [female] palm-tree inclined, or leaned, towards the male palm-tree that was distant from it. (M.)

And صَبَتِ الرَّاعِيَةُ, (M, Ḳ,) aor. تَصْبُو, (M,) inf. n. صُبُوٌّ, The pasturing beast inclined its head and put it upon the pasturage. (M, Ḳ.) [See also 2.]

صَبَتْ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) aor. تَصْبُو, (Ṣ, M,) inf. n. صُبُوٌّ (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) and صَبًا, (M, Ḳ,) in [some of] the copies of the Ḳ صَبَاء, (TA,) said of the wind called الصَّبَا, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) It blew. (Ḳ.)

And صُبِىَ القَوْمُ, (M, Ḳ,) like عُنِىَ, (Ḳ,) The people, or party, were blown upon by the wind called الصَّبَا. (M, Ḳ.)

صبّى رَأْسَهُ, inf. n. تَصْبِيَةٌ, He inclined his head towards the ground. (TA.) [See also 1, near the end.]

صابى رُمْحَهُ, (T, Ṣ,*, M, Ḳ, TA,) inf. n. مُصَابَاةٌ, (TA,) He inclined his spear, (M, Ḳ,) or he lowered the head of his spear towards the ground, (T, TA,) [or, as the context in the Ṣ seems to indicate, he inverted his spear,] to pierce, or thrust, (T, M, Ḳ,) with it. (M, TA.)

صابى السَّيْفَ He put the sword into its غِمْد [which generally means its scabbard] (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) or into its قِرَاب [which generally means its case for enclosing it together with its scabbard,] (TA,) reversed, or inverted: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ, TA:) or, accord. to the A, صابى سَيْفَهُ, and سِكِّينَهُ, means he put his sword, and his knife, into its قِرَاب not in the right manner: and one says to one who hands a knife, صَابِ سِكِّينَكَ i. e. Reverse thy knife, putting the handle towards me. (TA.)

صابى بِنَآءَهُ He made his building to incline, or lean. (Ḳ.)

صابى مَشَافِرَهُ He (a camel) inverted his lips on the occasion of drinking. (Ḳ.)

صابى الشَّيْخَ He, or it, overturned the old man; and made him to incline. (TA.)

صابى البَيْتَ, (M, Ḳ,) i. e. البَيْتَ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ, (TA,) He recited the verse not rightly, or not regularly. (M, Ḳ, TA. [In the CK, صاباهُ البَيْتَ.]) And صابى الكَلَامَ He made the speech, or language, to deviate from its proper course, or tenour. (M, Ḳ.)

صَابَيْنَا عَنِ الحَمْضِ is a phrase mentioned by AZ as meaning We turned away from the [plants called] حمض. (TA.)

And one says, الجَوَارِى يُصَابِينَ فِى السِّتْرِ, meaning يطلعن [i. e. يَطَّلِعْنَ, but I think that فِى is a mistranscription for مِن, and that the meaning is, The girls, or young women, look from within the curtain]. (TA.)

أَصْبَتْ She (a woman) had a child such as is termed صَبِىّ [i. e. a boy, or a young male child]; (Ṣ, M;) and a child, male or female. (Ṣ.)

أَصْبَتْهُ She (a woman, M, Ḳ, or a girl, or young woman, Ṣ) excited his desire, and invited him, (M, Ḳ,) or made him to incline, (Ṣ,) to ignorant, or foolish, or silly, and youthful, conduct, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) so that he yearned towards her; as alsoتَصَبَّتْهُ↓. (M, Ḳ.) Andتَصَبَّاهَا↓ He invited her to the like thereof. (M.) Andتصبّاها↓ also signifies He deceived, or beguiled, her, and captivated her heart; (M, Ḳ; [see also another rendering in an explanation of a verse cited voce إِصَارٌ;]) as alsoتصاباها↓. (Ḳ.) And اصبى عِرْسَ فُلَانٍ He endeavoured to cause the wife of such a one to incline [to him]. (TA.)

أَصْبَوْا They entered upon [a time in which blew] the wind called الصَّبَا. (M, Ḳ.)

[استصبى, as stated by Freytag, is expl. by Reiske as signifying Pueriliter se et proterve gessit:]

[and by Jac. Schultens as signifying Pro puero habuit. But the usage of this verb in any sense is app. post-classical.]

صَبًا [is of the fem. gender, and] is a subst. and an epithet, [so that one says رِيحٌ صَبًا, as well as صَبًا alone and رِيحُ الصَّبَا,] (M, TA,) [and signifies The east wind: or an easterly wind:] the wind that blows from the place of sunrise: (Mṣb:) or the wind of which the mean place whence it blows is the place where the sun rises when the night and day are equal; the opposite wind of which is the دَبُور: (Ṣ:) or the wind that faces the House [of God, i. e. the Kaabeh; app. meaning that blows from the point opposite to the corner, of the Kaabeh, that is between the Black Stone and the door]; as though yearning towards the House: (M, TA:) or, accord. to IAạr, (M,) the wind of which the place whence it blows extends from the place of rising of الثُّرَيَّا [or the Pleiades] to [the place of] بَنَات نَعْش [meaning the tail of Ursa Major]: (M, Ḳ:) [it is often commended by poets as a gentle and pleasant gale, like the Zephyr with us:] the dual is صَبَوَانِ and صَبَيَانِ: (Lḥ, M, Ḳ:) and pl. صَبَوَاتٌ and أَصْبَآءٌ. (M, Ḳ.)

صِبًا [also written صِبًى] andصَبَآءٌ↓, the former with kesr and the short alif, and the latter with fet-ḥ and the long alif, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) [both mentioned before as inf. ns.,] Youth, or boyhood; the state of the صَبِىّ [q. v.]: (Ṣ:) or childhood. (Mṣb.) One says, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى صِبَاهُ and صَبَائِهِ [That was in his youth or boyhood: or in his childhood]. (Mṣb.) [See also an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph {1} of art. شفع.]

And the former [or each, as is shown in the first sentence of this art.,] has also a signification derived from الشَّوْقُ [or “desire;” i. e., each signifies also An inclining to ignorant, or foolish, or silly, and youthful, conduct; and amorous dalliance]: (Ṣ:) andصَبْوَةٌ↓ signifies [the same, as is also shown in the first sentence of this art., or, like صِبًا and صَبَآءٌ,] the ignorance, or foolishness, or silliness, of youth; (Lth, M, Ḳ;) and amorous dalliance. (Lth, TA.) [See an ex. of the first in a verse cited in the first paragraph {1} of art. ادى; and another in a verse cited voce عَارَضَ.]

صَبِىٌّ A youth, boy, or male child; syn. غُلَامٌ: (Ṣ:) or a young male child; (Mgh, Mṣb;) before he is called غُلَام: (Mgh:) or one that has not yet been weaned, (M, Ḳ,) so called from the time of his birth: (M:) andصَابٍ↓ signifies the same as صَبِىٌّ; these two words being like قَادِرٌ and قَدِيرٌ: (TA:) the pl. of the former is صِبْيَةٌ [a pl. of pauc., in which the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, like as is said in the M respecting another of the pls.,] (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ, but not in the CK,) and صِبْوَةٌ (M, Ḳ, TA, in the CK صَبْوَةٌ,) and صُبْيَةٌ (M, Ḳ) and صَبْيَةٌ, (Ḳ, TA, but not in the CK,) [or rather the last two are quasi-pl. ns.,] and أَصْبٍ [another pl. of pauc.] (Ḳ) and أَصْبِيَةٌ [also a pl. of pauc.], (M, Ḳ,) but this last is said by J to have been unused, because the usage of صِبْيَةٌ rendered it needless, (TA,) and صِبْيَانٌ, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ, but not in the CK,) in which the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, (M,) and صُبْيَانٌ, (M, Ḳ,) as some say, preserving the ى notwithstanding the ḍammeh, (M,) and صِبْوَانٌ (M, Ḳ, but not in the CK,) and صُبْوَانٌ: (M, Ḳ:) and [ISd says,] accord. to Sb, the dim. of صِبْيَةٌ is أُصَيْبِيَةٌ↓, and that of أَصْبِيَةٌ is صُبَيَّةٌ↓, each irreg.; but in my opinion, صُبَيَّةٌ is the dim. of صِبْيَةٌ, and أُصَيْبِيَةٌ is that of أَصْبِيَةٌ: (M:) [J says,] أُصَيْبِيَةٌ occurs in poetry as being the dim. of أَصْبِيَةٌ. (Ṣ.) صَبِيَّةٌ↓ signifies A young woman, girl, or female child; (Ṣ, TA;) and so too, [sometimes,] صَبِىٌّ: (TA:) and the pl. is صَبَايَا. (Ṣ TA.)

أُمُّ الصِّبْيَانِ is a term applied to The flatus, or flatulence, (الرِّيحُ,) that is incident to children. (TA in art. ام.) [Golius, in that art., explains it as meaning Larva, terriculamentum puerorum; on the authority of Meyd.: and also as meaning Epilepsy; on the authority of Ibn-Beytár.]

صَبِىٌّ also signifies † The pupil of the eye: (M, Ḳ:) but Kr ascribes this meaning to the vulgar. (M.)

And ‡ The extremity of each of the jaw-bones: (Ḳ, TA:) i. e. (TA) الصَّبِيَّانِ signifies the two extremities of the two jaw-bones (Ṣ, M, TA) of the camel and of other animals: or, as some say, the two edges curving outwards from the middle of the two jaw-bones: (M, TA:) or, accord. to the A, the thin portions of the two extremities thereof: and it is [said to be] tropical. (TA.) And † A bone below the lobe, or lobule, of each of the two ears: (Ḳ:) or, as some say, the head of the bone that is below the lobe, or lobule, of each of the two ears by the space of about three fingers put together. (M.)

And ‡ The edge (حَدّ) of the sword: (M, Ḳ, TA:) or the ridge thereof, (M, TA, in the copies of the Ḳ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ is erroneously put for أَوْ عَيْرُهُ, TA,) which rises in [i. e. along] its middle; (M, Ḳ, TA;) and likewise of a spear-head: (M, TA:) or, accord. to the A, that part of a sword below, or exclusive of, (دُونَ,) its ظُبَة [q. v.]. (TA.)

And † The head of the human foot; (M, A, TA; in the copies of the Ḳ رَأْسُ القَوْمِ is erroneously put for رَأْسُ القَدَمِ; TA;) i. e. the part [thereof] between its حِمَارَة [q. v.] and the toes. (A, TA.) And الصَّبِيَّانِ signifies also † The two sides of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل. (M.)

It is also said that صِبْيَانُ الجَلِيدِ signifies ‡ The grains of hoar-frost that resemble pearls: and صِبْيَانُ المَطَرِ ‡ the small drops of rain: but accord. to the author of the “Khasáïl,” it is صِئْبَان [pl. of صُؤَابَةٌ, q. v.], with ء and then ب. (TA.)

صَابٍ: see صَبِىٌّ, first sentence.

Also i. q. صَاحِبُ صَبْوَةٍ [i. e. One who indulges in youthful folly, and amorous dalliance]. (TA.)

Kureysh, (M,) or the Jews, (TA,) used to call the Companions of the Prophet صُبَاةٌ. (M, TA. [See صَابِئٌ, in art. صبأ.]) And Náfi' read [in the Ḳur ii. 59 and xxii. 17] الصَّابِينَ instead of الصَّابِئِينَ; (TA;) and [in v. 73] الصَّابِيُونَ instead of الصَّابِئُونَ. (TA voce صَابِئٌ.)

صُبَّى, a pl. of صَابٍ, is expl. as meaning Those who incline to conflicts and factions, seditions, or the like, and love to be foremost therein. (TA. [See صُبٌّ, in art. صب.])

الصَّابِيَةُ The oblique wind (النُّكَيْبَآءُ, dim. of النَّكْبَآءُ,) that blows in a direction between that of the east or easterly wind (الصَّبَا) and that of the north or northerly wind (الشَّمَال): (Ṣ, Ḳ:) it is very cold, (Ṣ and TA voce نَكْبَآءُ,) and very boisterous, and unattended by rain or by any good. (TA ibid.)

مُصْبٍ, (Ks, Az, M,) or مُصْبِيَةٌ, (Ṣ, A,) or both, (Ḳ,) applied to a woman, (Ks, Az, Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ,) and the former also applied to a man, (Er-Rághib, TA,) Having صِبْيَة [i. e. children, or young children, or young unweaned children], (Ṣ, Er-Rághib, A,*) or having a child such as is termed صَبِىّ. (M, Ḳ.)

Hence the latter is metaphorically applied by El-Ḥareeree to ‡ Wine of which the sealed cover has been broken. (Ḥar p. 450.)

[See also the verb, 4.]

مُصَابِيَةٌ A calamity, or misfortune. (Ḳ.)