Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

شَفَعَهُ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَشْفَعُ}, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. شَفْعٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) He made it to be a شَفْع; (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) meaning (TA) he made it (a single thing) to be a زَوْج [i. e. he made it to be one of a pair or couple; and sometimes, he made it to be a pair or couple together]: (Mgh, TA:) or he adjoined it to, or coupled it with, that which was a single thing: (Mṣb:) accord. to Er-Rághib, الشَّفْعُ signifies the adjoining a thing to its like. (TA.) You say, كَانَ وِتْرًا فَشَفَعْتُهُ, (Ṣ,) or كَانَ وِتْرًا فَشَفَعْتُهُ بِآخَرَ i. e. [It was a single thing, and] I made it to be one of a pair, or couple, with another. (Mgh. [In Ḥar p. 194, I find the phraseكان وترا فشفّعه↓ بآخر, expl. in like manner; but شفّعه thus used I do not find in any lexicon: it may, however, be correctly thus used; for تشفّع, which has the form, app. has also the signification, of its quasi-pass.]) [And شُفِعَ المِلْكُ بِمِلْكٍ آخَرَ The possession (here meaning house, or piece of land,) was coupled by purchase with another possession: and شُفِعَ بِهِ مِلْكٌ It had a possession coupled with it by purchase: see شُفْعَةٌ.] You say also, شَفَعْتُ الرَّكْعَةَ I made the ركعة to be two. (Mṣb.) And a poet says,

* مَا كَانَ أَبْصَرَنِى بِغِرَّاتِ الصِّبَى *

* فَٱلْيَوْمَ قَدْ شُفِعَتْ لِىَ ٱلْأَشْبَاحُ *

[How clear was my sight with the inadvertencies of youth! but to-day, objects have become doubled to me]: i. e., I see the object [as] two objects, by reason of the weakness and dispersedness of my sight. (O, Ḳ.*)

[Hence,] one says of a she-camel, (Ṣ, O,) and of a ewe, or she-goat, (O,) شَفَعَتْ, (Ṣ, O,) inf. n. شَفْعٌ, (Ṣ,) meaning She became such as is termed شَافِعٌ [q. v.]: (Ṣ, O:) she is thus termed لِأَنَّ وَلَدَهَا شَفَعَهَا أَوْ شَفَعَتْهُ [because her young one has made her to be one of a pair, or couple, with itself, or because she has made it to be one of a pair or couple, with another that is in her belly], (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) inf. n. شَفْعٌ, or the inf. n. in this case is شِفْعٌ, with kesr. (O, Ḳ.)

One says also, إِنَّهُ لَيَشْفَعُ عَلَىَّ بِالعَدَاوَةِ, (Ḳ,) or لِى, (O,) i. e. ‡ Verily he aids [another, becoming to him one of a pair, by enmity] against me, and acts injuriously to me [conjointly with another]. (O, Ḳ, TA.) Accord. to Er-Rághib, يَشْفَعُ means He joins himself to another, and aids him, becoming to him one of a pair, or a شَفِيع [i. e. an intercessor], in doing good or evil, so that he aids him, or partakes with him, in [procuring] the benefit or the harm thereof; and thus it means in the saying in the Ḳur [iv. 87], مَنْ يَشْفَعْ شَفَاعَةً حَسَنَةً [and in what follows the same]: (TA:) or these words mean Whoso adds a [good] deed to a [good] deed: (O, Ḳ:) or, as some say, the شفاعة here is a man's instituting, or prescribing, to another, a way of good or evil, so that he [the latter] imitates him, and thus becomes as though he were to him one of a pair. (TA.) [But accord. to the expositors in general, and accord. to the general usage of the inf. n. شَفَاعَةٌ as distinguished from شَفْعٌ, what is here meant is Intercession.]

[Hence also,] شَفَعَ لَهُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ, (Ṣ,* Ḳ,* TA,) or الى الأَمِيرِ, (MA,) aor. ـَ {يَشْفَعُ}, (Ḳ, TA,) inf. n. شَفَاعَةٌ; (MA, Ḳ, TA;) andتشفّع↓ لَهُ, (MA,) orتشفّع↓ فِيهِ; (Ṣ, TA;) He made petition, or intercession, for him [to such a one, or to the prince or the like; thus adjoining himself to him as an aider]: (MA, TA:) and شَفَعَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ [He interceded between the people], inf. n. شَفَاعَةٌ: (Jel in iv. 87:) and شَفَعْتُ فِى الأَمْرِ, (Mṣb,) inf. n. شَفَاعَةٌ (IḲṭṭ, Mṣb, TA) and شَفْعٌ, (Mṣb, [but the latter is scarcely to be found elsewhere thus used,]) I pleaded, [or interceded,] in the affair, or case, [in favour of another,] for some means of access or ingratiation, or some right or due: (IḲṭṭ,* Mṣb, TA:*) شَفَاعَةٌ is mentioned, but not explained, in the Ḳ: (TA:) as distinguished from شَفْعٌ meaning as expl. above, it signifies the joining oneself to another as an aider to him or a petitioner respecting him [or for him]; and in most instances the former person is one of higher station than the latter: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the speaking of the شَفِيع [or intercessor] to the king [or some other person] respecting some object of want which the speaker asks for another person: it is also expl. as signifying the passing over without punishment, or the forgiving, [or rather the asking, or requesting, the passing over, &c., (for the word طَلَبُ, probably accidentally omitted by the transcriber at the commencement of the explanation, should doubtless be supplied,)] of sins, crimes, or misdeeds. (TA.) Hence, in a trad.,اِشْفَعْ تُشَفَّعْ↓ [Intercede thou: thou shalt have thine intercession accepted]. (TA.) The saying in the Ḳur [ii. 117], وَلَا تَنْفَعُهَا شَفَاعَةٌ [Nor shall intercession profit it] means that it shall have no شَافِع [or intercessor] for his شَفَاعَة [or intercession] to profit it; being a denial of the شَافِع; (Ibn-ʼArafeh, O, Ḳ;) and the same is the case in the Ḳur lxxiv. 49, (Ibn-ʼArafeh, O, TA,) and xx. 108. (TA.) شَفَعَ, inf. n. شَفْعٌ and شَفَاعَةٌ, also signifies He prayed, or supplicated: and thus Mbr and Th explain the words of the Ḳur [ii. 256], مَنْ ذَا ٱلَّذِى يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ [Who is he that shall pray, or supplicate, in his presence, except by his permission?]. (TA.)

Accord. to El-Ḳutabee, (Mgh,) [i. e.] El-Ḳuteybee, (TA,) one says also, of a neighbour of one who desires to sell a dwelling [or land] شَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ فِى مَا بَاعَ, meaning He made a demand to him, i. e. to the latter, respecting that which he sold [for the right of pre-emption]: and of the latter person, فَشَفَّعَهُ↓ [and he admitted his right of pre-emption, i. e.] and he pronounced him to have a better right, or title, or claim, [as a purchaser,] to that which was sold, that he whose connexion was more remote. (Mgh, TA.*)

شَفَعَ, inf. n. شَفْعٌ, signifies also He, or it, was, or became, tall, or high. (TA.)

And شُفِعَ, like عُنِىَ, He (a man) was smitten by the [evil] eye. (IḲṭṭ, TA. [But see شُفْعَةٌ, last sentence.])

see 1, near the beginning.

شَفَّعْتُهُ فِيهِ, inf. n. تَشْفِيعٌ, I accepted his intercession (شَفَاعَتَهُ) [for him]. (Ṣ,* O, Ḳ.) See, again, 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph.

And see another signification of the verb in a later part of the same paragraph.

تشفّع [signifies It was made a pair or couple, accord. to the Ḳ voce وِتْرٌ; this word being there expl. as meaning مَا لَمْ يَتَشَفَّعْ مِنَ العَدَدِ: but in the M and A, in the same place, instead of يَتَشَفَّعْ, we find يُشْفَعْ].

تشفّع لَهُ, and فِيهِ: see 1, near the middle of the paragraph.

[It is said in the TA that تَشَفَّعَهُ also is quasi-pass. of اِسْتَشْفَعَ بِهِ: but تَشَفَّعَهُ is evidently, here, a mistranscription, app. for تَشَفَّعَ, meaning He was granted intercession.]

Also He became a شَافِعِىّ [i. e. a follower of the Imám Esh-Sháfiʼee] in persuasion: but this is post-classical. (TA.)

اِسْتَشْفَعْتُهُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ I asked him to make intercession for me (أَنْ يَشْفَعَ لِى) to such a one. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.*) And اِسْتَشْفَعْتُ بِهِ I sought, or demanded, intercession (الشَّفَاعَةَ) [by means of him]. (Mṣb.) A poet, cited by Aboo-Leylà, says,

* زَعَمَتْ مَعَاشِرُ أَنَّنِى مُسْتَشْفِعٌ *

* لَمَّا خَرَجْتُ أَزُورُهُ أَقْلَامَهَا *

i. e. Companies of men asserted me to be seeking intercession (زَعَمُوا أَنِى أَسْتَشْفِعُ) for the object of eulogy, [when I went forth repairing to visit him,] by means of their writing-reeds (بِأَقْلَامِهِمْ), meaning by their letters (بِكُتُبِهِمْ). (O, TA.)

شَفْعٌ contr. of وِتْرٌ; (Ṣ, Mgh, O, Ḳ;) i. q. زَوْجٌ [i. e., like زَوْجٌ, it signifies One of a pair or couple; and sometimes, but rarely, a pair or couple together; and sometimes, (see for instance زَكَا) an even number, a number that may be divided into two equal numbers]: (O, Ḳ:) also one with which another is made to be a pair or couple: (TA:) [and, as will be seen in what follows, one with which an odd number is made to be an even number:] pl. شِفَاعٌ, (TA,) and app. أَشْفَاعٌ, whence الصَّلَاةُ بَيْنَ الأَشْفَاعِ, meaning التَّرَاوِيح [q. v. voce تَرْوِيحَةٌ]. (Mgh.)

الشَّفْعُ also signifies The day of the sacrifice; (O, Ḳ;) thus in the words of the Ḳur [lxxxix. 2] وَٱلشَّفْعِ وَٱلْوِتْرِ; by الوتر being meant the day of 'Arafát: (O:) or in this instance it means the creatures of God, (O, Ḳ,) because of the saying in the Ḳur [li. 49], “and of everything we have created two of a pair;” (Ḳ;) الوتر meaning God: (O, Ḳ:) or Adam's wife; الوتر meaning Adam, who was made a pair with her: (I’Ab, O, TA:) or Adam's children: (TA:) or the two days after the sacrifice; الوتر meaning the third day: (O, TA:) or God; [and الوتر, those who compose an odd number;] because of the saying in the Ḳur [lviii. 8], “there can be no secret discourse of three, but He is the maker of them, with Himself, to be four:” (Ḳ:) or the meaning of الشَّفْعُ وَالوِتْرُ is the prayers; of which some are شَفْع [i. e. an even number of rek'ahs], and some are وِتْر [i. e. an odd number of rek'ahs]: (O, TA:) [for] it is said that all the numbers consist of شَفْع [i. e. even] and وِتْر [i. e. odd]. (TA.)

شُفْعَةٌ is used in relation to a house and to land; (Ṣ, TA;) andشُفُعَةٌ↓, with two dammehs, is a dial. var. thereof thus used. (TA.) It signifies A مِلْك [here meaning house, or piece of land,] that is coupled (مَشْفُوع) [by purchase] with one's مِلْك [i. e. house, or piece of land, previously possessed, and adjoining thereto]; (Mgh, Mṣb;*) from the phrase كَانَ وِتْرًا فَشَفَعْتُهُ [expl. above, in the second sentence of this art.]; (Mgh; [and the like is said in the Mṣb;]) a noun of the same class as لُقْمَةٌ; being of the measure فُعْلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Mgh, Mṣb:*) this is the primary signification: then it was applied to denote a particular kind of obtaining possession; (Mgh;) [i. e.] it is also used as meaning the obtaining possession of that مِلْك [or house, or piece of land, by purchasing it, and coupling it with that previously possessed, and adjoining thereto]; (Mṣb;) or one's making a demand respecting that which he seeks [to possess, for the right of the pre-emption thereof], and adjoining it to that which he [already] has: (O, Ḳ:) and with the lawyers it signifies the right of obtaining possession of a piece of land, [i. e. the right of pre-emption thereof, or of a house,] against one's co-sharer whose possession is recent, by compulsion, for a compensation: (Ḳ:) or the right of obtaining possession of a piece of land, by compulsion, for [the payment of] what it cost the [former] purchaser, by reason of partnership or of [immediate] neighbourship: (KT:) or the right of [immediate] neighbourship with respect to [pre-emption of] a house or land. (PṢ.) [See 1 in art. سقب.] El-Ḳutabee says, in explaining this word, in the Time of Ignorance, when a man desired to sell a house, his neighbour used to come to him and to make a demand to him (شَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ i. e. طَلَبَ) respecting that which he sold [for the right of pre-emption], and he pronounced him to have a better right, or title, or claim, [as a purchaser,] to that which was sold, than he whose connexion was more remote: as though he took it from الشَّفَاعَةُ: but the [right] derivation is that first mentioned. (Mgh.) We have not heard, (Mgh,) or there is not known, (Mṣb,) any verb belonging to it [in the classical language]. (Mgh, Mṣb.) Esh-Shaabee uses it in the first and in the second of the senses expl. above, [or nearly so,] in his saying, مَنْ بِيعَتْ شُفْعَتُهُ وَهُوَ حَاضِرٌ فَلَمْ يَطْلُبْ ذٰلِكَ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ لَهُ [i. e. He whose claimed possession to be coupled by purchase with one already belonging to him is sold when he is present without his demanding that possession, there shall be no obtaining possession for him by his purchasing it for that purpose]. (Mgh. [And the like is said in the Mṣb.]) Esh-Shaabee says [also], الشُّفْعَةُ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الرِجَالِ [The possession that is coupled by purchase with another possession is apportioned according to the heads of the men entitled thereto]: i. e., when the house is shared by a company of men whose shares are different, and one of them sells his portion, what is sold to his co-sharers is to be apportioned among them equally, according to their heads, not according to their [former] shares: (O, Ḳ, TA:) so in the Nh. (TA.)

شُفْعَةُ الضُّحَى The two rek'ahs (رَكْعَتَانِ) of the [prayer that is performed in the period of the morning called the] ضُحَى; as alsoشَفْعَةُ↓ الضحى: (O, Ḳ:) occurring in a trad., thus accord. to two different relations. (O.)

Also Diabolical, or demoniacal, possession; or madness, or insanity; (AA, O, Ḳ;) and soشَفْعَةٌ↓; the latter expl. in this sense by IAạr; and as syn. with سَفْعَةٌ and شُنْعَةٌ and رَدَّةٌ and نَظْرَةٌ, [perceived] in the face: [see these words; the second and third of which generally mean an unseemliness or ugliness; and so, sometimes, does the last:] the pl. of شُفْعَةٌ in the sense here expl. on the authority of AA is شُفَعٌ. (TA.)

And IF states that it has been said to signify The [evil] eye, by which one is smitten: but he doubts its correctness; and thinks that it may be with the unpointed س. (O.) [See سَفْعَةٌ, not سُفْعَةٌ.]

شَفُوعٌ A she-camel that fills two milking-vessels in one milking. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

See also شَافِعٌ.

شَفِيعٌ i. q. صَاحِبُ شَفَاعَةٍ; (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) i. e. (TA) An intercessor; as alsoشَافِعٌ↓: pl. of the former شُفَعَآءُ. (Mṣb, TA.) [See السُّقَفَآء, in art. سقف.]

Also i. q. صَاحِبُ شُفْعَةٍ; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) [meaning A possessor of the right termed شُفْعَة; or] one who demands, and is granted, as a neighbour [or a partner], in preference to him whose connexion is more remote, the right of purchasing a house [or piece of land] that is to be sold. (TA.)

شَفَائِعُ Sorts of pasture, or herbage, that grow two and two: (Ibn-ʼAbbád, O, Ḳ:) or twins (تُؤَام [pl. of تَوْءَم]) of plants. (O, Ḳ.)

شَافِعٌ [act. part. n. of 1, q. v.]

[Hence], applied to a she-camel, ‡ Having a young one in her belly and another following her: (Fr, Sh, Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ, TA:) or applied in this sense to a ewe or she-goat: (Ḳ:) or, thus applied, having her young one with her: (AʼObeyd, Ṣ, Mgh:) thus called because her young one has made her to be one of a pair [with it], or because she has made it to be one of a pair [with her]: (AʼObeyd, Ṣ, Ḳ:) andشَفُوعٌ↓, thus applied, signifies the same as شَافِعٌ: and one says also, هٰذِهِ شَاةُ الشَّافِعِ, like as one says صَلَاةُ الأُولَى and مَسْجِدُ الجَامِعِ. (TA.)

Also A he-goat, (O, Ḳ, TA,) himself: (O:) or a ram: or such as, when he impregnates, impregnates with twins. (O, Ḳ.)

عَيْنٌ شَافِعَةٌ An eye [that makes a thing to appear a pair, i. e.,] that sees doubly. (O, Ḳ.)

فُلَانٌ يُعَادِينِى وَلَهُ شَافِعٌ means ‡ Such a one treats me with enmity, and has one who aids him to do so. (A, TA.)

See also شَفِيعٌ and مُشَفَّعٌ.

أَشْفَعُ Tall, or high. (L, TA.)

مُشْفِعٌ A ewe, or she-goat, that suckles any animal. (IAạr, TA.)

مُشَفَّعٌ One whose intercession is accepted: hence the Ḳur-án is termed by Ibn-Mesʼoodشَافِعٌ↓ مُشَفَّعٌ, i. e. An intercessor of which the intercession will be accepted, for him who follows it and does according to what is in it, that his unpremeditated transgressions may be forgiven. (O, TA.)

مُشَفِعٌ One who accepts intercession. (L, TA.)

مَشْفُوعٌ A possession (مِلْكٌ [here meaning house, or piece of land,]) coupled [by purchase] with a man's possession [previously belonging to him, upon certain conditions expl. voce شُفْعَةٌ]. (Mgh, Mṣb.)

Also Affected with diabolical, or demoniacal, possession; or with madness, or insanity; (O, Ḳ;) and مَسْفُوعٌ, with the unpointed س, is a dial. var. thereof. (TA.)

And مَشْفُوعَةٌ is said to signify A woman smitten by the [evil] eye: (IF, O, L: [but see شُفْعَةٌ, last sentence:]) the masc. is not used in this sense. (L, TA.)