Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

ظَلَفَ الصَّيْدَ, (Ṣ, M, O,) or الشَّاةَ, (Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَظْلِفُ}, inf. n. ظَلْفٌ, (M,) He hit in his ظِلْف [or cloven hoof] (Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ) the animal of the chase (Ṣ, M, O) at which he had shot or cast, (Ṣ, O,) or the شاة [a term including the antelope and the like]. (Ḳ.)

ظَلَفَ أَثَرَهُ, (Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَظْلِفُ} and ـُ {يَظْلُفُ}, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. ظَلْفٌ, (M, TA,) He made his foot-marks to be unapparent, in order that he might not be tracked: (Ḳ:) or he went, or walked, upon hard and rugged ground, in order that his foot-marks might not be visible (Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ) upon it; (Ṣ, O;) as alsoاظلفهُ↓; (Ṣ, M, L, TA;) in the Ḳ, erroneously ظالفه↓. (TA.)

And ظُلِفَ It (a herd of camels driven together) was taken along ground such as is termed ظَلَف, (which means rugged ground, such as does not show foot-marks, M,) in order that the foot-marks thereof might not be followed. (Ṣ, O.)

And ظَلَفَهُمْ, (M, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَظْلُفُ}, (M,) or ـِ, (TA,) inf. n. ظَلْفٌ, (M, TA,) He followed their foot-marks. (M, Ḳ.)

ظَلَفَ نَفْسَهُ عَنْهُ, (T, Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَظْلِفُ}, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) inf. n. ظَلْفٌ, (Ṣ, O,) He withheld himself from doing it, or coming to it; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) namely, a thing: (Ṣ, O:) or he restrained himself from it; (T, Ḳ;) namely, a thing that would disgrace him: (T:) or he withheld himself from the love, or blamable love, of it; namely, a thing. (M.) And ظَلَفَهُ عَنْهُ, (T, M,) aor. ـِ {يَظْلِفُ}, inf. n. ظَلْفٌ, He withheld him from it; namely, an affair: (M:) or he made him to be, or become, far, or aloof, from it; or to avoid it; namely, a thing; as alsoاظلفهُ↓. (T, TA.) And ظَلَفَهُ [alone] He withheld him from that in which was no good. (M.)

ظَلِفَتِ الأَرْضُ, (M, Ḳ,) [aor. ـَ {يَظْلَفُ},] inf. n. ظَلَفٌ, (Ṣ,* M, TA,) The ground was rugged, not showing a foot-mark. (Ṣ,* M, Ḳ.) And ظَلِفَتْ مَعِيشَتُهُ, inf. n. ظَلَفٌ, His means of subsistence became hard, strait, or difficult. (TḲ.)

ظَلِفَتْ نَفْسِى عَنْ كَذَا, aor. ـَ {يَظْلَفُ}, inf. n. ظَلَفٌ, My mind, or soul, abstained, or refrained, from such a thing. (Ṣ.)

[And accord. to the KL, ظَلَفٌ as an inf. n. signifies The being ineffectual (i. e. unretaliated, or uncompensated by a mulct, as expl. below); said of blood; and so ظَلْفٌ (which is also expl. below):]

[and the being concealed].

ظلّف عَلَيْهِ, (IAạr, T, O, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَظْلِيفٌ, (O,) He exceeded it; (IAạr, T, O, Ḳ;) i. e. [a certain number of years in age, as, for instance,] السِّتِينَ [sixty], (T,) or الخَمْسِينَ [fifty]: (O:) and so طَلَّفَ and طَلَّثَ and ذَرَّفَ, &c. (T, TA.)

ظالفهُ: see 1, former half: it is a mistake, in the Ḳ, for اظلفهُ {4}. (TA.)

اظلف, said of a man, (IAạr, T, O,) or of a company of men, (M,) He, or they, became, or came to be, (IAạr, T, M, O, Ḳ,) in, or upon, a hard place, (IAạr, T, O,) or in, or upon, what is termed أُظْلُوفَة (M, Ḳ) and ظَلَف. (M.)

اظلفهُ: see 1, in two places.

ظَلْفٌ, of ground, or land, Such as is rugged, that will not show any foot-mark; (M;) as alsoظَلَفٌ↓: (Ṣ,* M:) or so ظَلِفَةٌ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andظَلُفَةٌ↓ andظَلَفَةٌ↓: (Ḳ:) andظَلَفٌ↓ signifies ground such as horses like to run upon: (T:) or (i. e. the last) a place elevated above the water and the mud; and soظَلِفٌ↓; (Ḳ;) this last thus expl. by Ibn-ʼAbbád: (O:) or this last andظَلِفَةٌ↓, accord. to ISh, (TA,) orظَلَفٌ↓ andظَلَفَةٌ↓, (so accord. to a copy of the T, in which the authority is not mentioned,) signify ground, or land, in which the foot-mark will not appear, and which is high and rugged: and accord. to Fr, ظَلِفٌ↓ andظَلِفَةٌ↓ signify ground, or land, that will not show a foot-mark; as though it were prevented from doing so: (T, TA:) andظِلْفٌ↓, (so in a copy of the T,) orظَلِفٌ↓, (so in the TA,) accord. to Fr, signifies such as is soft, of ground, or land: but accord. to IAạr, such as is hard, and does not show a foot-mark; in which is no softness, so as to be difficult to him who walks upon it; nor sand, so that the camels would have their feet burnt upon it; nor stones, so that they would be chafed, or abraded, in the soles of their feet, upon it: and it is also expl. (by IAạr, TA) as meaning such as is rugged and hard, of ground, or land: (T, TA:) andظَلِفَةٌ↓ signifies high ground, or land, that will not show a foot-mark. (M.) [See also ظَلِيفٌ.]

[In the CK, الظَّلْفُ is erroneously put for الظَّلَفُ as relating to the means of subsistence.]

ظَلْفٌ also signifies Ineffectual, null, or void: and allowable. (TḲ.) One says, ذَهَبَ دَمُهُ ظَلْفًا, (AA, Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ,) andطَلَفًا↓, (AA, T, Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ,) andظَلِيفًا↓, (M,) as also طَلْفًا and طَلَفًا (AA, O) [and طَلِيفًا], His blood went for nothing; as a thing of no account; ineffectually; or in vain; unretaliated, or uncompensated by a mulct. (AA, T, Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ.)

[الظُّلْفُ in Ḥar p. 312, there said to be used as meaning Continence, and disdain of base actions, is app. a mistake for الظَّلْفُ, inf. n. of 1 in the phrase ظَلَفَ نَفْسَهُ.]

ظِلْفٌ The ظُفْر [meaning cloven hoof] of any ruminant (T, M) of the bovine kind and the like; (T;) [i. e.] it is an appertenance of the bovine kind and of the sheep and goat (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) and of the gazelle or antelope (Ṣ, O, Ḳ) and the like, (O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) which is to them like the ظُفْر to man, (Mṣb,) or like the قَدَم to us: (Ḳ:) one says the رِجْل and قَدَم of a man, and the حَافِر of a horse, and the خُفّ of a camel and of an ostrich, and the ظِلْف of a bovine animal and of a sheep or goat [and the like]: (ISk, T, TA:) pl. أَظْلَافٌ (Ṣ, M, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) and ظُلُوفٌ: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) and أَظْلَاف is applied, by ʼAmr Ibn-Maadee-kerib, to the hoofs of horses, (Ṣ, M, O,) as is said by Lth and Az and IF, by poetic license, (O,) metaphorically: (Ṣ, O:) and by El-Akhtal, metaphorically, to the feet of men. (M, IB, TA.) [Its dual is used in the Ḳ, in explanations of the words شَعِرَةٌ and أَشْعَرُ, in the latter instance on the authority of Lḥ, as meaning The two halves of a cloven hoof.] And one says, مَا جَشِمْتُ إِلَيْكَ ظِلْفًا [app. meaning I have not had the trouble of bringing to thee so much as the hoof of a gazelle or the like]. (AZ, TA in art. جشم, q. v.) And هُوَ يَأْكُلُهُ بِضِرْسٍ وَيَطَؤُهُ بِظِلْفٍ [He eats it with a lateral tooth, and treads it with a cloven hoof; app. meaning, vehemently]. (TA.)

It is sometimes used as meaning ‡ Cloven-hoofed animals. (TA.) One says, مَا لَهُ خُفٌّ وَلَا حَافِرٌ وَلَا ظِلْفٌ ‡ [He possesses not camels, nor horses or asses or mules, nor sheep or goats or other cloven-hoofed beasts]. (TA in art. خف.)

It also signifies [or implies] The making consecutive progressions in walking and in other actions, (T, Ḳ,) or, accord. to the L, in a thing. (TA.) One says, جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ عَلَى ظِلْفٍ وَاحِدٍ (T, A, O, TA) i. e. The camels came following one another. (A, TA. [See also a similar phrase voce خُفٌّ.]) And غَنَمُ فُلَانٍ ظِلْفٍ وَاحِدٍ andظَلَفٍ↓ وَاحِدٍ The sheep, or goats, of such a one, have all of them brought forth [app. one after another]. (M.)

Also A thing that is suitable to the requirements of a man, and of a beast: (M:) and an object of desire: (M, O, Ḳ:) and an object of want. (T, Ḳ.) One says, أَصَابَ فُلَانٌ ظِلْفَهُ Such a one attained what was suitable to his requirements, and what he desired: and sometimes one says the like of any beast that finds, or lights on, or meets with, that which he likes. (M.) وَجَدَتِ الدَّابَّةُ ظِلْفَهَا is a prov., (M, O,) applied to him who finds the means of attaining that which he seeks; (Meyd;) meaning [The beast found what was suitable to its requirements; or,] what withheld it [from other things] and prevented its desire [thereof]. (A, TA. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 807.]) And one says, وَجَدَتِ الشَّاةُ ظِلْفَهَا The sheep, or goat, found suitable pasturage, and therefore did not quit it: (Ḳ, TA:) a prov. mentioned by Fr; applied to him, of men and of beasts, that finds what is suitable to him. (TA.) And بَلَدٌ مِنْ ظِلْفِ الغَنَمِ A country of such as are suitable to sheep or goats. (M.) And وَجَدَ ظِلْفَهُ He found what he loved, (O,) or what he desired, (Ḳ,) and what was suitable to him; (TA;) said of a man. (O.) And مَا وَجَدْتُ عِنْدَهُ ظِلْفِى I did not find with him the object of my want. (TA.)

See also ظَلْفٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

[In some copies of the Ḳ, الظِّلْفُ is erroneously put for الظَّلَفُ as relating to the means of subsistence. And in the CK ظِلْفُهَا is erroneously put for ظَلِفُهَا as meaning ظَلِفُ النَّفْسِ.]

ظَلَفٌ [as an inf. n.:] see 1, last quarter.

[Also] Hardness, or difficulty, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) or coarseness, (M,) in the means of subsistence: (Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ:) thus the word is correctly written: not ظِلْف, as we find it written in [copies of] the Ḳ: [nor ظَلْف, as in the CK:] and ظَلَفُ العَيْشِ occurs in a trad., (O, TA,) meaning straitness, and hardness or difficulty, and coarseness, of the means of subsistence. (TA.)

See also ظَلْفٌ, in three places, near the beginning of the paragraph.

And see the last sentence of that paragraph.

Also Anything that is easy, or of light estimation, paltry, or despicable; [as also طَلَفٌ;] syn. كُلُّ هَيْنٍ, (M,) or كُلُّ هَيِّنٍ. (TA.)

See also ظِلْفٌ, latter half.

And see ظَلِيفَة.

ظَلِفٌ: see ظَلْفٌ, former half, in three places.

ظَلِفُ النَّفْسِ, [accord. to the CK ظَلْفُ النَّفْسِ, but this is a mistranscription,] andظَلِيفُ↓ النَّفْسِ, (M, O, Ḳ,) A man who withholds himself from the love, or blamable love, of a thing: (M:) or one who abstains from that which is indecorous; syn. نَزِهُ النَّفْسِ. (O, Ḳ.) And اِمْرَأَةٌ ظَلِفَةُ النَّفْسِ i. q. عَزِيزَةٌ عِنْدَ نَفْسِهَا [app. A woman strong to resist, in her own estimation; and therefore meaning one who abstains from that which is indecorous: Golius renders it mulier pudica, et de honore suo sollicita]. (Ṣ, TA.)

See also ظَلِفَةٌ.

[الظُّلَفُ in Ḥar p. 623, there said to mean The restraining the soul from its desire, or blamable inclination, is app. a mistranscription for الظَّلَفُ, inf. n. of ظَلِفَتِ النَّفْسُ.]

ظَلْفَةٌ: see ظَلْفٌ.

Also A certain brand, or mark made with a hot iron, upon a camel; and soظَلِفَةٌ↓. (O, Ḳ.)

ظَلَفَةٌ: see ظَلْفٌ, in two places, near the beginning.

[Hence, perhaps,] one says, أَقَامَهُ ٱللّٰهُ عَلَى الظَّلَفَاتِ, (TA, [there said to be مُحَرَّكَة,]) or الظلِفات, (so in a copy of the T, [i. e.الظَّلِفَاتِ↓,]) meaning [God made him to keep to] a state of hardship and straitness. (T, TA.)

ظَلِفَةٌ: see ظَلْفٌ, in four places:

and see ظَلَفَةٌ:

and ظَلْفَةٌ.

Also The [lower] end of the [curved piece of wood called the] حِنْو [that lies against the side, at the fore part and at the hinder part,] of the [kind of saddle called] قَتَب, and of the [kind called] إِكَاف, and the like; being in what is next to the ground, of the sides thereof: (Lth, T, TA:) or its pl., which is ظَلِفَاتٌ (Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ) andظَلِفٌ↓, (O, Ḳ, [or rather the latter is a coll. gen. n.,]) signifies the four pieces of wood, (Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ,) of the [saddle called the] رَحْل and of the [saddle called the] قَتَب, (Ṣ, O,) that are upon the two sides of the camel, (Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ,) the lower ends of which touch the ground when they are put down upon it; in the وَاسِط [or fore part of the saddle] are two (i. e. ظَلِفَتَانِ), and so in the مُؤَخَّرَة [or hinder part], and they are the lower portions of the حِنْوَانِ; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) for the parts above them, next to the [pieces of wood called the] عَرَاقِى, are [called] the عَضُدَانِ, and the elongated pieces of wood upon the sides of the camel are the أَحْنَآء [pl. of حِنْوٌ]: (Ṣ, O:) AZ says that the upper portions of the ظَلِفَتَانِ, [a mistake for the حِنْوَانِ, as is shown by what follows,] next to the عَرَاقِى, are [called] the عَضُدَانِ; below them being the ظَلِفَتَانِ, which are the lower parts of the حِنْوَانِ of the وَاسِط and of the مُؤَخَّرَة. (T, TA.)

[Hence] one says, قَامُوا عَلَى ظَلِفَاتِهِمْ, meaning عَلَى أَطْرَافِهِمْ ‡ [They stood upon their extremities, i. e. their feet]. (TA.)

And نَحْنُ عَلَى ظَلِفَاتِ أَمْرٍ ‡ We are on the verge of an affair, or event. (TA.)

See also ظَلِيفَة.

ظَلْفَآءُ A smooth stone or rock, or a hard, smooth, large stone, (صَفَاةٌ,) even with the ground, (T, O, Ḳ,) round (مدورة), (so in a copy of the T, [i. e. مُدَوَّرَة,]) or extended (مَمْدُودَة). (O, Ḳ.)

ظُلَّفٌ [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned: accord. to general analogy, the sing. should be ظَالِفٌ]. ظُلُوفٌ ظُلَّفٌ means Hard ظُلُوف [or divided hoofs]: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) the latter word being a corroborative. (Ṣ, O.)

ظَلِيفٌ A rough, or rugged, place, (Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ, TA,) in which is much sand. (M, TA. [See also ظَلْفٌ.])

And A man (Ṣ, O) evil in condition (T, Ṣ, M, Ḳ) in respect of his means of subsistence: (T:) and low, abject, or abased, and weak. (M, O, Ḳ.)

And An affair that is hard, or difficult: (Ḳ:) anything difficult to one to seek: (IDrd. M, O:) and evil hard to be borne, or severe. (Ṣ, O.)

See also ظَلِفٌ.

Also Hardship, or difficulty. (O, Ḳ.)

ذَهَبَ بِهِ ظَلِيفًا He went away with it, or took it away, without compensation, or without price: (T, Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) and so طَلِيفًا. (Yoo, TA in art. طلف.) And ذَهَبَ بِغُلَامِى ظَلِيفًا He went away with, or took away, my young man, or slave, without price. (AZ, Ṣ, O.)

See also ظَلْفٌ, last sentence.

أَخَذَهُ بِظَلِيفِ رَقَبَتِهِ He took him by the base of his neck. (O, Ḳ,* TA.)

See also what here follows.

أَخَذَهُ بِظَلِيفَتِهِ, (Ṣ, M, O, L,) orبِظَلِيفِهِ↓, (Ḳ,) andبِظَلَفِهِ↓, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) بِظَلِفَتِهِ↓, (T, M, L,) He took it altogether, or wholly, (T,* Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) or with its root, or base, and wholly, (M, L,) not leaving of it anything: (T, Ṣ, M, O, L, Ḳ:) so says AZ. (Ṣ.)

أُظْلُوفَةٌ A piece of rugged, or rough, ground: (T:) or ground, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) or hard ground, (TA,) in which are sharp stones, as though its composition were that of a mountain: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ, TA:) pl. أَظَالِيفُ. (T, Ṣ, &c.)

مَظْلُوفٌ An animal of the chase, at which one has shot or cast, hit in his ظِلْف [or cloven hoof]. (Yaạḳoob, Ṣ.)