Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

ظَفَرَهُ: see 2.

[See also ظَفَرٌ.]

ظَفِرَتْ عَيْنُهُ, (T, Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَظْفَرُ}, inf. n. ظَفَرٌ (Ṣ, O) and ظَفَارَةٌ; (O;) and, as some say, ظُفِرَت; (T;) His eye had what is termed a ظَفَرَة or ظُفْر. (T, Ṣ, O, Ḳ.)

And ظُفِرَ He (a man) had upon his eye what is termed a ظَفَرَة or ظُفْر. (T, O, Ḳ.)

ظَفِرَ, aor. ـَ {يَظْفَرُ}, (Mṣb,) inf. n. ظَفَرٌ, He attained, got, got possession of, or acquired, what he desired, or sough: (Lth,* Ṣ,* M,* A,* Mṣb, Ḳ:*) he succeeded, or was successful: (Mṣb:) he won, was victorious, or gained the victory: (Lth, T:) andاِظَّفَرَ↓ [originally اِظْتَفَرَ] signifies the same as ظَفِرَ. (Ṣ.) You say, ظَفِرَ بِهِ and عَلَيْهِ, and ظَفِرَهُ, He attained it, got it, got possession of it, or acquired it; (M, Ḳ;) and in like manner اِظَّفَرَ↓, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ. (Ḳ.) And ظَفِرْتُ بِالضَّالَّةِ I found the stray, or lost beast. (Mṣb.) And ظَفِرَ بِعَدُوِّهِ (Ṣ, A, Mṣb) and عَلَيْهِ, (Akh, Ṣ, A,) and ظَفِرَهُ, (Ṣ,) He gained the victory, or mastery, over his enemy; he overcame him. (Ṣ,* A, Mṣb.*)

[Hence,] ظَفِرَتِ النَّاقَةُ لَقَحًا ‡ The she-camel took, or received, impregnation. (A, TA.) And مَا ظَفِرَتْكَ عَيْنِى (AZ, T, Ṣ, A, Ḳ) مُنْذُ حِينٍ (AZ, T) or مُنْذُ زَمَانٍ (Ṣ, A) ‡ My eye hath not seen thee [for some time]: (AZ, T, Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) like مَا أَخَذَتْكَ. (AZ, T.)

[ظَفَرَ in the dial. of Himyer is said by Freytag, on the authority of the Kitáb el-Addád, to signify He sat.]

ظفّر فِيهِ, (A, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَظْفِيرٌ, (Ṣ,) He inserted his nail into it; (Ṣ, A, Ḳ;) namely, an apple, and the like, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) a cucumber, and a melon: (A:) and [in like manner] اِظَّفَرَ↓, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, he stuck, or fixed, his nail [into a thing]; (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) and so اِطَّفَرَ, with the unpointed ط. (TA.) You say, ظفّر فُلَانٌ فِى وَجْهِ فُلَانٍ Such a one stuck his nail into the flesh of the face of such a one, and wounded it. (TA.) And نَيَّبَ فِى لَحْمِهِ وَظَفَّرَ He stuck his dog-tooth and his nail into his flesh, and wounded it. (A.) And ظفّر فُلَانٌ فِى كَذَا وَنَيَّبَ ‡ Such a one clung to, caught to, or took fast hold upon, such a thing. (A in art. نيب.) Also ظفّرهُ; andظَفَرَهُ↓, aor. ـِ {يَظْفِرُ}; (M, Ḳ;) andاِظَّفَرَهُ↓, in the Ḳ erroneously written أَظْفَرَهُ; (TA;) He stuck his nail into his face; (M, Ḳ;) and so اِطَّفَرَهُ, with ط. (TA.) And ظفّرهُ [He clawed it;] he stuck his nail into it, (namely, anything,) and broke it, or made a mark [or scratch] upon it. (M.) Andاِظَّفَرَ↓ الصَّقْرُ الطَّائِرَ The hawk seized the bird with his talons. (Ḳ.)

ظفّر said of بَقْل [or herbs, or leguminous plants,] ‡ They put forth what resembled the أَظْفَار [or talons] of the bird. (M, TA.) And said of the عَرْفَج, (Ḳ, TA,) and of the أَرْطَى, (TA,) ‡ It put forth what resembled أَظْفَار, (Ḳ, TA,) when it put forth its [leaves termed] خُوص. (TA.) And said of the نَصِىّ, and of the وَشِيج, and of the بَرْدِىّ, and of the ثُمَام, and of the صِلِّيَان, and of the غَرَز, and of هَدَب, ‡ It, or they, put forth yellow shoots, resembling the ظُفُر [or talon], which are the خُوص thereof, that come forth therefrom having a dustcoloured flower. (M, TA.) [Or,] said of a plant, (Ks, T, Ṣ,) inf. n. as above, (Ks, T,) † It came forth; (Ks, T;) from الأَظْفَار: (T:) or it came forth of the measure of the ظُفْر [or nail]. (Ṣ.) And ظفّرت الأَرْضُ † The land put forth plants, or herbage, that might be uprooted (يُمْكِنُ ٱحْتِفَاؤُهُ, so in the M, in the Ḳ ٱحْتِفَارُهُ,) with the nail, (M,) or with the fingers. (Ḳ.)

ظفّر ثَوْبَهُ, (M, and so in a copy of the Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (Ḳ,) † He perfumed his garment (M, and thus in that copy of the Ḳ) with what is termed ظُفْر: (M:) or ظفّر ثَوْبَهُ بِالأَظْفَارِ he perfumed his garment with what are termed أَظْفَار. (So accord. to other copies of the Ḳ.)

And ظفّر الجِلْدَ, (Ḳ,) or ظَفَّرْتُ الجِلْدَ, (M,) † He, (Ḳ,) or I, (M,) rubbed the skin in order that its أَظْفَار (M, Ḳ) which means its creased parts (M) might become smooth. (M, Ḳ.)

ظفّرهُ also signifies, and soاظفرهُ↓, [He caused him to attain, get, get possession of, or acquire, what he desired, or sought: he caused him to succeed, or to be successful: and] He (God) caused him to be victorious, to gain the victory, or to overcome. (A.) You say, ظفّرهُ بِهِ (Ṣ, M) and عَلَيْهِ, (M, TA,) inf. n. as above; (Ṣ;) andاظفرهُ↓ به (Ṣ, M, Mṣb) and عليه; (M, Mṣb;) He (God, Ṣ, M, or a man, Mṣb) caused him to gain the victory over him, or to overcome him, (M, Mṣb,) namely, his enemy. (Ṣ, Mṣb.)

And ظفّرهُ عَلَيْهِ He declared him to have overcome him: said of one who has been asked which of two persons had overcome. (T.)

And ظفّرهُ, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (Ḳ,) He prayed for him that he might attain what he desired, or sought; or that he might be successful, or victorious. (M, Ḳ.)

تظافروا عَلَيْهِ and تضافروا and تظاهروا all signify the same; so says Ibn-Buzurj; (T, TA;) explaining the meaning to be, They leagued together, and aided one another, against him; i. e. عَلَى فُلَانٍ [against such a one]: (TA in art. ضفر:) the first of these has been said to be incorrect; but it is mentioned also by Ṣgh, as syn. with the third; and by Ibn-Málik, among words that are with ض and with ظ. (TA in the present art.)

ظُفْرٌ (T, Ṣ, M, A, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.) andظُفُرٌ↓, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) which latter is the most chaste form, and the form adopted by the seven readers in the Ḳur vi. 147, and the former is a contraction of this, [but is the most common form,] (Mṣb,) andظِفْرٌ↓, which is extr., (M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and disallowed by IDrd, (O,) andظِفِرٌ↓, which is also extr., (Mṣb,) andأُظْفُورٌ↓, (T, M, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) which is erroneously mentioned in the Ṣ as a pl. of ظُفْرٌ, (Ṣgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) by an anticipation of the pen; (Mṣb;) or, accord. to MF, it si said in most of the copies of the Ṣ, (but this is not the case,) ظُفْرٌ has for its pl. أَظْفَارٌ; and أُظْفُورٌ [has for its pl.] أَظَافِيرُ; (TA;) [and this, being the reading in most of the copies of the Ṣ seen by MF, is probably what J wrote;] A certain wellknown thing; (M;) [i. e. a nail; and a talon, or claw;] pertaining to a human being, (M, Ibn-Es-Seed, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and to others; (M, Ḳ;) to the beasts and birds mentioned in the next following sentence, [as well as to man,] accord. to the authorities there cited; (TA;) and to every ruminant, as syn. with ظِلْفٌ [i. e. a cloven hoof]: (T and M in art. ظلف:) or to a beast, or bird, that does not prey; [as well as to man;] that of such as preys being termed مِخْلَبٌ: (M:) [and in the present day applied also to the spur of a cock:] it is of the masc. gender: (Lḥ, M, Mṣb:) the pl. (of ظُفْرٌ, Ṣ, M, Mṣb, &c.) is أَظْفَارٌ (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.) and sometimes أَظْفُرٌ, (Mṣb,) [both of which are pls. of pauc., but the former is used as a pl. of mult. also,]. and (of أُظْفُورٌ, M, Mṣb, or of أَظْفَارٌ, and therefore a pl. pl., M) أَظَافِيرُ: (M, Mṣb, Ḳ:) thatأُظْفُورٌ↓ is a sing. [and not like أُبْقُورٌ which is a quasi-pl. n.] is shown by the saying of a poet,

* مَا بَيْنَ لُقْمَتِهَا الأُولَى إِذَا ٱنْحَدَرَتْ *

* وَبَيْنَ أُخْرَى تَلِيهَا قِيسُ أُظْفُورِ *

(Ḳ) or قِيدُ أُظْفُورِ (Mṣb) [i. e. What is between her first morsel, when it descends into her throat, and another that follows it, is the measure of a finger-nail]: or, as some relate it, إِذَا ٱزْدَرَدَتْ [when she swallows]; and it is thus cited [in the T and] in the “Basáïr” of the author of the Ḳ. (TA.) The phrase كُلَّ ذِى ظُفُرٍ in the Ḳur vi. 147 comprises camels and ostriches; (so in the T and TṢ and L; but in the Ḳ, الأَنْعَام is erroneously put for النَّعَام; TA;) because their مَنَاسِم are like أَظْفَار to them: (T, Ḳ, TA:) I’Ab says that it comprises camels; and also ostriches, because they have nails like camels: or any bird that has a مِخْلَب, and any beast that has a solid hoof: or, accord. to Mujáhid and Ḳatádeh, every beast and bird that has not divided toes; as the camel and ostrich and goose and duck. (TA.)

[Hence,] الأَظْفَارُ is the name of † Certain small stars; (Ṣ;) certain stars before النَّسْر [meaning النَّسْر الوَاقِع i. e. the star a of Lyra: app. because regarded as the talons of the نسر]: (Ḳ:) or a certain dim star in الشَّلْيَاق [q. v., i. e. the constellation Lyra]. (Ḳzw.)

[Hence also,] إِنَّهُ لَكَلِيلُ الظُّفْرِ, (T,) or إِنَّهُ لَمَقْلُومُ الظُّفْرِ, (TA,) ‡ Verily he is one who does not slay or wound an enemy: (T, TA:) and إِنَّهُ مَقْلُومُ الظُّفْرِ عَنْ أَذَى النَّاسِ ‡ Verily he is one who does little hurt to mankind. (T, A, TA.) And هُوَ كَلِيلُ الظُّفْرِ ‡ He is weak, or abject, or despicable; (T, Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) said of a man; (Ḳ, TA;) or so مُقَلَّمُ الظُّفْرِ: (Ḳ: [in the TA, as from the Ḳ, مُقَلَّمُ الأَظْفَارِ:]) or ‡ he is sick, or diseased. (A.) And بِهِ ظُفْرٌ مِنْ مَرَضٍ ‡ [app. meaning In him is an evil result of a disease, that has clung to him]. (A, TA. [In the A, this immediately follows what here next precedes it; and is immediately followed by the words وَذُبَابٌ ظَفِرَ مِنْهُ, which seem to be added by way of explanation; thus in my copy; but I think that ظَفِرَ مِنْهُ here is a mistake for ظَفَّرَ فِيهِ, and have assumed this to be the case in rendering the phrase.])

And قَرَّحْتُهُ مِنْ ظُفْرِهِ إِلَى شُفْرِهِ ‡ [lit. I wounded him much, from his nail to the edge of his eyelid; but mentioned as tropical; app. meaning from toe to head]; like as one says, مِنْ قَرْنِهِ. (A.)

And مَا بَالدَّارِ ظُفْرٌ, (Ḳ,) or ما بالدار ظُفْرٌ وَلَا شُفْرٌ, (A, O,) ‡ There is not in the house any one. (A, O, Ḳ.) And مَا تَرَكَتِ السَّنَةُ ظُفْرًا وَلَا شُفْرًا ‡ The year of drought left not anything: and sometimes they said شَفْرًا, with fet-ḥ, and in this case they said ظَفْرًا↓, for assimilation. (A in art. شفر.) And رَأَيْتُهُ بِظُفْرِهِ ‡ I saw him himself. (O, Ḳ, TA.)

ظُفْرُ النَّسْرِ is the name of † A certain plant, (Ḳ, TA,) resembling what is [properly] thus termed [i. e. the talon of the vulture]. (TA.) And ظُفْرُ القِطِّ is the name of † Another plant. (Ḳ, TA.)

And الظُّفْرُ, (M,) or الأَظْفَارُ, (T, M, A, Mgh, O, Ḳ, &c.,) for this word in the sense here following has no sing. (T, M, O, Ḳ) accord. to the author of the ʼEyn, (M,) but sometimes one saidأَظْفَارَةٌ↓ وَاحِدَةٌ, which is not allowable by rule, and made the pl. of this to be أَظَافِيرُ, (T, O, Ḳ,* [mentioned in the M as a pl. of الظُّفْرُ,]) though, if they formed a sing. from it, it should be ظُفْرٌ, (T, O, Ḳ,) signifies ‡ A certain odoriferous substance, (T, Mgh, O, Ḳ,) or a sort thereof, (M,) [i. e. unguis odoratus, (called in the present day ظُفْرُ الطِّيبِ and ظُفْرُ العِفْرِيتِ,) or ungues odorati,] black, (T, M, O,) resembling a ظُفْر [or nail] (T, M, Mgh, O, Ḳ) of a man (M) pulled out (in the M and O and Ḳ مُقْتُلَف, and in the T مُقَلَّف,) from the root thereof, (T, M, O, Ḳ, [but in the M, the words which I have rendered “pulled out”, &c. immediately follow the words ضَرْبٌ مِنَ العِطْرِ أَسْوَدُ,]) or resembling the أَظْفَار [or finger-nails], (A,) and put into دُخْتَة [or incense]: (T, M, O:) and, accord. to the Ḳ, ظَفَارٌ↓, sometimes imperfectly decl., i. e.ظَفَارُ↓, signifies the same; but this is very strange, for [SM says] I have referred to the M and T and O and other lexicons without finding them to have mentioned in this sense any term but الأَظْفَارُ or الظُّفْرُ: accord. to the “Minháj,” أَظْفَارُ الطِّيبِ are pieces of an odoriferous substance resembling the أَظْفَار [properly so called]; they are said by [the Arabic translator of] Dioscorides to be of the nature of the shards of shells, [so I render مِنْ جِنْسِ أَخْزَافِ الصَّدَفِ, supposing اخزاف to be here used tropically,] found in an island of the Sea of India where is the سُنْبُل [or spikenard], a sort whereof is [called] قُلْزُمِىّ [i. e. of El-Kulzum], and another which is [called] بَابِلِىّ [i. e. of Bábil], black and small, and the best is that which inclines to whiteness, which drifts to El-Yemen and El-Bahreyn. (TA.) [Forskål, in his “Descr. Animalium”, &c., mentions what here follows, among the animal substances of the materia medica of Cairo, in page 143: “Unguis odoratus. (Opercula Cochl.) Dofr el afrît, ضفر العفريت i. e. unguis dæmonis. E Mochha per Sués. Arabes etiam afferunt. Nigritis fumigatorium est.” (ضفر is here written, agreeably with the usual vulgar pronunciation, for ظُفْر.) See also قُسْطٌ,]

أَظْفَارٌ signifies also † Large قِرْدَان [or ticks]. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.)

And † The creased parts of a skin. (M, TA.)

And the ظُفْر of a bow is ‡ The part in the curved end that is beyond the place where the string is tied, to the extremity: (Aṣ, T, Ṣ, M,* O, Ḳ:*) or the end of the bow: (Ḳ:) or each end of the bow, beyond the place where the string is tied: (A:) pl. ظِفَرَةٌ. (M, TA.)

See also ظَفَرَةٌ.

ظَفَرٌ, in a man, The quality of having long nails. (ISk, Ṣ, O.) [App., in this sense, an inf. n. of which the verb is ظَفِرَ; as it is in other senses: see 1.]

See also ظَفَرَةٌ.

Also Low, or depressed, ground, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) that produces plants, or herbage. (Ṣ, O.)

ظَفِرٌ Sharp in the nail [or having sharp nails]. (A.)

And A man having upon his eye what is termed a ظَفَرَة; (A;) and soمَظْفُورٌ↓. (T, A, Mgh, Ḳ.)

And عَيْنٌ ظَفِرَةٌ An eye having what is termed a ظَفَرَة; (T, M, A, Ḳ;) as alsoمَظْفُورَةٌ↓. (A.)

Also [Successful;] victorious; applied to a man; (Ṣ;) and soظَافِرٌ↓: (Mṣb, TA:) or ظَفِرٌ (IDrd, M, A, Ḳ) andظَفِيرٌ↓ (IDrd, M, Ḳ) andظِفِّيرٌ↓, (IDrd, Ṣgh, Ḳ) but this is said by IDrd to be not of established authority, (TA,) andمُظَفَّرٌ↓ (IDrd, M, A, Ḳ) andمِظْفَارٌ↓, (IDrd, O, Ḳ,) all signify a man very, or often, successful or victorious: (IDrd, O, TA:) or ‡ one who does not endeavour after a thing without attaining it. (M, A, Ḳ.)

ظُفْرَةٌ A certain plant, burning, or biting, to the tongue, (Ḳ, TA,) resembling the ظُفْر [or nail] in its coming forth, (TA,) that has a beneficial effect upon foul ulcers, and warts. (Ḳ, TA.)

And ظُفْرَةُ العَجُوزِ The rounded head of prickles of the [thistle called] حَسَك. (Ḳ,* TA.)

See also the next paragraph.

ظَفَرَةٌ A pellicle that comes over the eye, (T, Ṣ, Mgh, O, Ḳ,) growing from the side next the nose, (T, Ṣ, O,) upon the white of the eye, (Ṣ, Mgh, O,) extending to the black: (Ṣ, O:) sometimes it is cut off: if left, it covers the eye, and obscures the sight: (T:) or a certain disease in the eye, which causes a tegument like the nail to come over it: or a piece of flesh that grows at the inner angle of the eye, extending to the black, and sometimes encroaching upon the black: (M:) it is also called ظُفْرٌ↓ (AʼObeyd, T, Ṣ, M, Mgh, O, Ḳ) andظُفْرَةٌ↓, (T, Mgh,) these two terms being applied to it by the physicians, (Mgh,) andظَفَرٌ↓ (TA) andظِفَارَةٌ↓, (so in a copy of the T, as on the authority of Ibn-Buzurj,) orظَفَارَةٌ↓. (So in the O.)

ظَفَارٌ and ظَفَارُ: see ظُفْرٌ.

[ظَفَارِ is well known as the name of a city in El-Yemen; or, accord. to the O, of two cities and two fortresses in El-Yemen. And accord. to the TA, it signifies Any land that is ذات مَعَزَّة: but the latter of these two words has been altered by an erasure over the second letter, and is perhaps incorrect: if not, it may mean, agreeably with the analogy of many words of the measure مَفْعَلَةٌ, as مَقْدَرَةٌ and مَفْلَحَةٌ and مَنْجَاةٌ, &c., such as possesses means of overcoming, or withstanding, invaders: and it may be that hence ظَفَارِ is in two instances the name of a fortress.]

ظَفُورٌ [app. syn. with ظَفِرٌ and ظَفِيرٌ] is one of the appellations of the Prophet. (MF, TA.)

جَزْعٌ ظَفَارِىٌّ [Onyx of Dhafári] is so called in relation to ظَفَارِ, a city of El-Yemen, (T, Ṣ, Mgh, O, Ḳ,) near صَنْعَآء, (Ḳ,) two days' journey from the latter. (O.) And in like manner, عُودٌ ظَفَارِىٌّ [Aloes-wood of Dhafári]: i. e. the عود with which one fumigates: (Ṣ:) or قُسْط, (O, Ḳ, TA,) which means the same, (TA, [but see this word,]) is called [قُسْطُ ظَفَارِ and قُسْطٌ ظَفَارِىٌّ] in relation to ظَفَارِ, another city of El-Yemen, near مِرْبَاط, (O, Ḳ, TA,) described by Yákoot as in the furthest part of El-Yemen, on the shore of the Sea of India, near الشَّحْر; (TA;) because it is brought thither from India. (O, Ḳ, TA.)

أَظْفَرُ A man having long nails: (ISk, Ṣ, A:) or having long and broad nails: (M, Ḳ:) and in like manner applied to a مَنْسِم [or foot of a camel]: ظَفْرَآءُ [the reg. fem.] has not been heard. (M.)

أُظْفُورٌ: see ظُفْرٌ, in two places.

Also † The slender thing [or tendril] that twines upon the branch of a grape-vine. (Ḳ.)

مُظَفَّرٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.

قَوْسٌ مُظَفَّرَةٌ † A bow having somewhat cut off from each of its two ends [which are called its ظُفْرَانِ]. (O, Ḳ, TA. [In the CK, فَرَسٌ is erroneously put for قَوْسٌ.])

مِظْفَارٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.

Also The [instrument called] مِنْقَاش [q. v.]. (Fr, O, Ḳ.)

مَظْفُورٌ; and its fem.: see ظَفِرٌ.

مَظْفُورٌ بِهِ Overcome, or conquered; [as also مَظْفُورٌ عَلَيْهِ, and مَظْفُورٌ alone; (see 1;)] applied to a man. (TA.)