Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

عَشَا, (TA, and so accord. to some copies of the Ḳ,) first pers. عَشَوْتُ, (Ṣ,) aor. يَعْشُو, (TA,) inf. n. عَشْوٌ and عُشُوٌّ; (KL;) as also عَشِىَ, like رَضِىَ [i. e. having for its aor. يَعْشَى, but the inf. n. is app. عَشًا, as in the similar sense expl. in the next sentence]; (TA, and so in my MṢ. copy of the Ḳ;) i. q.تعشّى↓, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) [which is more commonly used than either of preceding verbs, and] which signifies He ate the [eveningmeal, or evening-repast, or supper, i. e. what is called the] عَشَآء. (Mṣb, Ḳ, TA.) And عَشِيَتِ الإِبِلُ, (ISk, Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) aor. تَعْشَى, inf. n. عَشًا, (ISk, Ṣ, TA,) i. q.تَعَشَّت↓ [i. e. The camels ate the evening-pasture, or evening-feed, called the عَشَآء]. (ISk, Ṣ, Ḳ, TA.)

And عَشَاهُ, (Ḳ,) first pers. عَشَوْتُهُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) aor. يَعْشُوهُ, (Ṣ, TA,) inf. n. عَشْوٌ; (Ḳ, TA;) and inf. n. عَشْىٌ also, (TA, and thus in some copies of the Ḳ,) thus correctly, as in the M, عشيانًا in [some of] the copies of the Ḳ being a mistake for عَشْيًا, the aor. being also يَعْشِيهِ; (TA;) i. q.عشّاهُ↓, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) [which is more commonly used than either of the preceding verbs,] inf. n. تَعْشِيَةٌ, (Ṣ,) i. e. He fed him (namely, a man, Mṣb, or a horse, or a camel, Ṣ) with the [evening-meal, or supper, or the evening-pasture or evening-feed, i. e. what is called the] عَشَآء; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoاعشاهُ↓: (Ḳ:) and عَشَا الإِبِلَ, (Ḳ, TA,) like دَعَا [i. e. having for its aor. يَعْشُو]; (TA;) andعشّاها↓; He pastured the camels by night. (Ḳ, TA.)

عَشَوْتُهُ also signifies I repaired, or betook myself, to, or towards, him, or it, by night: and hence عَاشٍ↓ is applied to any one repairing, or betaking himself, to or towards [an object]. (Ṣ.)

And عَشَوْتُ إِلَى النَّارِ, aor. أَعْشُو, inf. n. عَشْوٌ, I sought to be directed, or guided, or I directed, or guided, myself, by weak eyesight, to the fire: (Ṣ:) or I looked at the fire, or endeavoured to see it, and repaired, or betook myself, to it, or towards it; and I saw it, or looked towards it trying whether I could see it, and sought to be directed, or guided, to it by its light: (Ḥar p. 535:) El-Hotei-ah says,

* مَتَى تأْتِهِ تَعْشُو إِلَى ضَوْءِ نَارِهِ *

* تَجِدْ خَيْرَ نَارٍ عِنْدَهَا خَيْرُ مُوقِدِ *

[When thou comest to him, looking with blinking eyes towards the light of his fire and seeking to be guided by it thereto, thou findest the best fire, and at it is the best kindler]; meaning مَتَى تَأْتِهِ عَاشِيًا; using the marfooa verb between two verbs whereof each is mejzoom because the verb in the future tense when it occurs in the place of a denotative of state is marfooa: (Ṣ:) or عَشَا النَّارَ and إِلَى النَّارِ, inf. n. عَشْوٌ and عُشُوٌّ; as alsoاعتشى↓ النَّارَ and بِالنَّارِ; signifies he saw the fire by night from afar, and repaired, or betook himself, to it, or towards it, seeking to light himself thereby, (Ḳ, TA,) and hoping to obtain thereby guidance and good. (TA.)

And عَشَا عَنِ النَّارِ He turned away and went from the light of the fire. (TA.)

And عَشَوْتُ عَنْهُ I went, or turned, from him, or it, to another: whence, it is said, the saying in the Ḳur [xlii. 35], وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ ٱلرَّحْمٰنِ [And such as turns from the admonition of the Compassionate]. (Ṣ. See another explanation of this saying in what follows.) [This and other meanings expl. below are app. from what here next follows.]

عَشِىَ, aor. يَعْشَى, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) dual يَعْشَيَانِ, not يَعْشَوَانِ, (Ṣ,) inf. n. عَشًا, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) He was, or became, weak-sighted: (Mṣb:) or he did not see by night, but saw by day: (Ṣ:) or he had bad sight by night and by day: or he was, or became, blind: [said of a man, and of a beast of the equine kind, and of a camel, and of a bird: (see عَشًا, below:)] and عَشَا, aor. يَعْشُو, signifies the same: (Ḳ:) or the two verbs differ in meaning; so as that وَمَنْ يَعْشَ عَنْ ذِكْرِ ٱلرَّحْمٰنِ, in the Ḳur xliii. 35, thus read by some, means † And such as is blind to the admonition of the Compassionate, i. e., to the Ḳur-án; but مَنْ يَعْشُ, as others read, † such as feigns himself blind: (Ksh and Bḍ:*) [see also 6: and see another explanation of the latter reading, above: or] عَشَا signifies also he (a man, TA) did as does the أَعْشَى [q. v.]. (Ḳ, TA.) One says also, عشى مِنَ الشَّىْءِ, aor. يعشو, [thus in my original, but the pret. is app. عَشِىَ, and the aor. يَعْشَى,] meaning He lacked strength of sight to perceive the thing. (TA.) And عَشِىَ عَنْ حَقِّهِ like عَمِىَ in measure and in meaning [i. e. † He was, or became, blind to his right, or due]. (TA.) And لَا يَعْشَى إِلَّا بَعْدَ مَا يَعْشُو is one of their sayings, meaning [app. He will not become weak-sighted except] after his eating the [eveningmeal called the] عَشَآء: (TA:) [for it is said that] the eating of food in the night occasions weakness of sight more than [do] other things. (Ḥar p. 52. [العشآء is there written in one instance for العَشَا.])

عَشِىَ عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. عَشًا, means He wronged him; treated him wrongfully, injuriously, unjustly, or tyrannically: (Ḳ, TA:) mentioned by ISd. (TA.)

see 1, former half, in two places. One says, عَشِّ وَلَا تَغْتَرَّ, (Meyd, TA,) or عَشِّ إِبِلَكَ وَلَا تَغْتَرَّ [a prov., meaning Pasture thy camels by night, and be not negligent, or be not made to desire what is vain, or false]. (Ṣ. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 92.]) And عَشَّيْتُ الإِبِلَ عَنِ الوِرْدِ I pastured the camels with the [evening-pasture called] عَشَآء, so that they might come to the water having satisfied themselves with food: and in like manner one says, ضَحَّيْتُهَا عَنْهُ. (A and TA in art. ضحو and ضحى.) And عَشِّ رُوَيْدًا Pasture thou the camels in the evening (عَشِيًّا) gently: and in like manner one says, ضَحِّ رُوَيْدًا. (A, TA.) And hence, عشّى عَنِ الأَمْرِ (inf. n. تَعْشِيَةٌ, Ḳ) ‡ He acted gently, or deliberately, in the affair: (A and TA in art. ضحو and ضحى, and Ṣ * and Ḳ * in the present art.:) and in like manner, ضَحَّى عَنْهُ. (A and TA in the former art., and Ṣ * in the present art.)

See also the next paragraph {4}. [Hence,] عشّى الطَّيْرَ, inf. n. تَعْشِيَةٌ, He kindled a fire for the birds in order that they might become dim-sighted (لِتَعْشَى) and consequently be captured. (M, Ḳ.)

see 1, former half.

[Hence, app.,] اعشى also signifies † He gave. (Ḳ.)

And اعشاهُ He (God) rendered him أَعْشَى [i. e. weak-sighted,, &c.: and in like manner one says عشّاهُ↓: see 2, last sentence; and see also Ḥar p. 52].

see 1, first quarter, in two places. One says also, تعشّى بِهِ He fed himself with it [in the evening, or] in the time called the عِشَآء: and [in like manner] تَتَعَشَّاهُ is said of camels [as meaning they feed themselves with it, or pasture upon it, in the evening]. (TA.) And when one says to thee, تَعَشَّ [Eat thou the evening-meal], thou sayest, مَا بِى تَعَشٍّ, (Ṣ,) or مَا بِى مِنْ تَعَشٍّ, (TA,) [I have no desire for eating the evening-meal; see 5 in art. غدو;] and not مَا بِى عَشَآءٌ, (Ṣ,) or not ما بى مِنْ عَشَآءٍ (TA.)

See also 6.

And تعشّاهُ signifies also He gave him an عِشْوَة [or عُشْوَة, i. e. a firebrand]. (TA.)

تعاشى He feigned himself أَعْشَى [i. e. weaksighted,, &c.; and soتعشّى↓ as used by Bḍ in xliii. 35]. (Ṣ, TA.)

And [hence] ‡ He feigned himself ignorant, (Ḳ, TA,) عَنْ كَذَا [of such a thing], as though he did not see it; like تَعَامَى. (TA.)

اعتشى He journeyed in the time of the عِشَآء [or nightfall]: (Ḳ, TA:) like اهتجر meaning “he journeyed in the time of the هَاجِرَة.” (TA.)

See also 1, latter half.

استعشاهُ He found him to be deviating from the right course, or acting wrongfully, injuriously, unjustly, or tyrannically, (وَجَدَهُ جَائِرًا, Ḳ, TA, in some copies of the Ḳ حَائِرًا,) فِى حَقِّ أَصْحَابِهِ [in respect of the right, or due, of his companions]. (TA.)

And استعشى نَارًا He guided himself by means of a fire. (Ḳ.)

عِشْوٌ A bowl (قَدَح) of milk which is drunk at the time when the sheep, or goats, return from the pasture in the evening or afternoon, or after that time. (Ḳ.)

عَشًا inf. n. of عَشِىَ: (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ:) [used as a simple subst., Weakness of sight: or sightlessness by night with ability to see by day: or] badness of sight by night and by day; as alsoعَشَاوَةٌ↓: (Ḳ:) it is in human beings, and beasts of the equine kind (دَوَابّ), and camels, and birds; as is said in the M: (TA:) or it is darkness that happens to the eye: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or blindness; (Ḳ, TA;) i. e. absolute destitution of sight. (TA.)

عَشٍ applied to a he-camel, and عَشِيَةٌ applied to a she-camel, That exceeds the other camels in the [evening-pasture, or evening-feed, called] عَشَآء; each after the manner of the possessive epithet, having no verb. (TA. [And عَشِىٌّ is said to have a similar meaning.])

See also أَعْشَى.

عَشْوَةٌ Darkness, (Ḳ, TA,) in [any part of] the night and in the سَحَر [or period a little before daybreak]; (TA;) as alsoعَشْوَآءُ↓: (Ḳ:) or the first of the darkness of the night: (Az, TA:) or the period between the beginning and [the end of] the [first] quarter of the night: (AZ, Ṣ, Ḳ:) thus in the saying, مَضَى مِنَ اللَّيْلِ عَشْوَةٌ [A period between the beginning, &c. of the night passed]: and one says also, أَخَذْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالعَشْوَةِ, meaning [I laid hold upon them] in the blackness of night: (AZ, Ṣ:) the dim. is عُشَيَّةٌ↓. (Az, TA.) In the saying جَآءَ عَشْوَةَ, meaning عِشَآءً [i. e. He came at nightfall], it [is an adv. n. which] may not be used otherwise than thus: you may not say, مَضَتْ عَشْوَةُ. (TA.)

العشوة [app. العَشْوَةُ] as meaning العَشَآءُ, like الغدوة [app. الغَدْوَةُ] as meaning الغَدَآءُ, is vulgar. (TA.)

Also The venturing upon, or embarking in, an affair that is not clear; as alsoعِشْوَةٌ↓ andعُشْوَةٌ↓: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) one says, أَوْطَأْتَنِى عَشْوَةً and عِشْوَةً and عُشْوَةً, meaning [Thou hast made me to venture upon, or embark in,] a confused and dubious affair: this is when you tell him of a thing by means of which you have made him to fall into perplexity or trial. (Ṣ.)

خَبَّاطُ عَشَوَاتٍ, occurring in a trad., see expl. in art. خبط.

عُشْوَةٌ: see عَشْوَةٌ.

Also, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) andعِشْوَةٌ↓, (Ḳ, TA,) A fire which one sees by night from afar, and to which, or towards which, he repairs, or betakes himself, seeking to light himself thereby: (Ḳ, TA:) or (TA) a firebrand (شُعْلَةٌ مِنْ نَارٍ). (Ṣ, TA.)

عَشْوَى A state of perplexity, and of having little guidance: so in the saying, إِنَّهُمْ لَفِى عَشْوَى أَمْرِهِمْ [or, perhaps, مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ, i. e. Verily they are in a state of perplexity,, &c., in respect of their case, or affair]. (TA.)

عَشَوِىٌّ Of, or relating to, the [time called] عَشِيَّة [or عَشِىّ, q. v.]. (Ṣ.)

عُشْوَانٌ A species of dates: (IDrd, Ḳ, TA:) or of palm-tress, (Ḳ, TA,) of such as are late in bearing. (TA.)

عَشْيَانُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) originally عَشْوَانُ, like غَدْيَانُ [q. v.] which is originally غَدْوَانُ, (TA,) A man (Ṣ) eating the [evening-meal, or eveningrepast, i. e. what is called the] عَشَآء; (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) as alsoعَاشٍ↓. (TA.)

عَشَآءٌ The meal, or repast, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) of the عِشَآء [or nightfall], (Ṣ,* Mṣb,) or of the عَشِىّ [or late part of the evening,, &c.]; (Ṣ,* Ḳ, TA;) [i. e. supper, in a general sense;] opposed to غَدَآءٌ; (Ṣ;) as alsoعِشْىٌ↓: (Ḳ: [in the CK, العِشٰى is erroneously put for العِشْىُ:]) and in like manner both are used in relation to camels [as meaning their evening-pasture, or evening-feed: see an ex. voce عَتَمَةٌ, and another voce أَقْعَسُ]: (Ṣ, TA:) pl. of the former أَعْشِيَةٌ; (Ḳ, TA;) to which is added, in [some of] the copies of the Ḳ, and عُشِىٌّ; but this is correctly عَشِىَ, [or عَشَا, as in some copies,] and commences another sentence. (TA.)

عِشَآءٌ [The time of nightfall; i. e.] the first, or beginning, of the darkness (Mṣb, Ḳ) of night: (Mṣb:) [this is the sense in which it is generally used, and always when it is used as applied to one of the five times of the divinely-appointed acts of prayer; صَلَاةُ العِشَآءِ, and elliptically العِشَآءُ alone, meaning the prayer of nightfall:] or it is [the time] when the sun has disappeared: (Az, TA:) or [the time] from sunset (Ḳ) [i. e.] from the prayer of sunset (Mṣb, TA) to the عَتَمَة [or darkness after nightfall]; (Mṣb, Ḳ, TA;) [and this is what is meant by its being said that it is] syn. with عَشِىٌّ: (Ṣ:) or [the time] from the زَوَال [meaning the declining of the sun from the meridian] to the rising of the dawn: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) so some assert, and they cite, as an ex.,

* غَدَوْنَا غُدْوَةً سَحَرًا بِلَيْلٍ *

* عِشَآءً بَعْدَ مَا ٱنْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ *

[We went early in the morning, a little before daybreak, in a period between the declining of the sun from the meridian and the rising of the dawn, after the daytime had become halved]: (Ṣ, TA:) [sometimes] the Arabs said, أَقْبَلَتِ العِشَآءُ, meaning العَشِيَّةُ; and هٰذَا العَشِيَّةُ, meaning العِشَآءُ. (Mṣb voce صَوْتٌ.) العِشَاآنِ means The time of sunset and the عَتَمَة [or darkness after nightfall]: (IF, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ: [compare הָעַרְבַּיִם in Exodus xii. 6 and xvi. 12:]) this is accord. to the saying that the عِشَآء is from the prayer of sunset to the عَتَمَة. (TA.)

عَشِىٌّ [The late part of the evening: or the evening: or the afternoon: i. e.] the last, or the latter, part of the day; (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA;) as alsoعَشِيَّةٌ↓: (Ḳ, TA:) this is the meaning commonly known: (Mgh:) or [the time] from the prayer of sunset to the عَتَمَة [or darkness after nightfall]; (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA;) like عِشَآءٌ; (Mṣb;) and soعَشِيَّةٌ↓: you say, أَتَيْتُهُ عَشِىَّ أَمْسِ andعَشِيَّةَ↓ أَمْسِ [I came to him late in the evening, or in the time between sunset and nightfall,, &c., of yesterday]: (Ṣ, TA:) or عَشِىٌّ has the meaning expl. in the Ḳ [and mentioned above]; butعَشِيَّةٌ↓ relates to one day: and one says, جِئْتُهُ عَشِيَّةً [I came to him late in an evening,, &c.] and عَشِيَّةَ [late this evening,, &c.], and أَتَيْتُهُ العَشِيَّةَ I came to him in the عشيّة [or late part of the evening,, &c.,] of this day; and آتِيهِ عَشِىَّ غَدٍ [I will come to him in the late part of the evening,, &c., of to-morrow (in my original اتيته, an obvious mistranscription,)] without ة when relating to the future; and أَتَيْتُكَ عَشِيًّا [I came to thee in the late part of an evening,, &c.]; and أَتَيْتُهُ بِالغَدَاةِ وَالعَشِىِّ i. e. [I came to him early in the morning and late in the evening,, &c., meaning,] every عَشِيَّة [or عَشِىّ] and غَدَاة: (TA:) or, as some say, عَشِيَّةٌ↓ is a sing. [or n. un.] and عَشِىٌّ is its pl. [or a coll. gen. n.]: and, as IAmb says, sometimes the Arabs make عَشِيَّةٌ↓ masc., as meaning عَشِىٌّ: (Mṣb:) or عَشِىٌّ signifies the time between the declining of the sun [from the meridian] and sunset: (Az, Mgh, Mṣb, TA:) or [the time] from the declining of the sun [from the meridian] to the صَبَاح [app. here, as generally, meaning morning]: (Er-Rághib, Mṣb, TA:) and sometimes it means the night: (TA:) the pl. is عَشَايَا and عَشِيَّاتٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) the former of which [is pl. ofعَشِيَّةٌ↓, like the latter, or perhaps of عَشِىٌّ also, and] is originally عَشَايِوُ, then عَشَايِىُ, then عَشَائِىُ, then عَشَاءَى, and then عَشَايَا: (TA:) the dim, of عَشِىٌّ is عُشَيَّانٌ↓, irreg., as though formed from عَشْيَانٌ, and its pl. is عُشَيَّانَاتٌ; and another form of its dim. is عُشَيْشِيَانٌ↓, pl. عُشَيْشِيَانَاتٌ: and the dim. of عَشِيَّةٌ↓ is عُشَيْشِيَةٌ↓, pl. عُشَيْشِيَاتٌ: (Ṣ, TA:) one says, لَقِيتُهُ عُشَيْشَةً↓ [another form of dim., properly meaning I met him in a short period of a late part of an evening,, &c.], and [in like manner] عُشَيْشَانًا↓, andعُشَيَّانًا↓ [in some copies of the Ḳ عشّانا], andعُشَيْشِيَةً↓ [accord. to the Mgh meaning عِشَآءً], and عُشَيْشَاتٍ, and عُشَيْشِيَانَاتٍ. (Ḳ.) صَلَاتَا العَشِىِّ [The two prayers of the afternoon] means the two prayers of the ظُهْر and the عَصْر; (Az, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) because they are in the latter part of the day (فِى آخِرِ النَّهَارِ), after the زَوَال [or declining of the sun from the meridian]. (TA.) In the phraseعَشِيَّةً↓ أَوْضُحَاهَا [i. e. A late part of an evening,, &c., or its early portion of the forenoon, meaning or an early portion of the forenoon of the same civil day], in the Ḳur lxxix. last verse, the ضحى is prefixed to [the pronoun referring to] the عشيّة because the ضحى and the عشيّة belong to the same [civil] day, [for this day is reckoned as the period from sunset to sunset,] (Ksh Bḍ, Jel,*) and also [by a kind of poetic license, for the sake of the rhyme, i. e.] because ضحاها occurs as a فَاصِلَة [q. v.]. (Jel.)

عَشِىٌّ also signifies, (Ḳ, TA,) and so doesعَشِيَّةٌ↓, (Ḳ,) Clouds (Ḳ, TA) coming late in the evening or at eventide (عَشِيًّا). (TA.)

And the former, as an epithet applied to a camel, That continues long eating the عَشَآء [i. e. evening-pasture, or evening-feed]: fem. with ة {عَشِيَّةٌ}. (Ḳ. [See also عَشٍ.])

عَاشٍ: see عَشْيَانُ. The fem., عَاشِيَةٌ, applied to camels, means Eating the [evening-pasture, or evening-feed, called the] عَشَآء. (ISk, Ṣ, Ḳ.) It is said in a prov., العَاشِيَةُ تَهِيجُ الآبِيَةَ [Such as are eating the عشآء excite such as desire not, or refuse; or she that is eating, &c.]: i. e., when the camels that desire not, or refuse, the عشآء see those that are eating it, they follow them, and eat it with them. (Ṣ. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 83.]) And [the pl.] العَوَاشِى, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) [when indeterminate, عَوَاشٍ,] as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, (TA.) signifies Those (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA) camels, and sheep or goats, (Ḳ, TA,) that are pasturing by night. (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA.)

See also 1, former half.

[Hence,] عَاشِيَةٌ signifies also Anything [meaning any man or animal] looking and repairing, by night, towards the fire of a person who entertains guests. (TA.)

أَعْشَى Weak-sighted: (Mṣb:) or sightless by night, but seeing by day: (Ṣ:) or having bad sight by night and by day: and soعَش↓: (Ḳ:) fem. عَشْوَآءُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) applied to a woman; (Ṣ, Mṣb;) [the masc. being applied to a man, and either masc. or fem. to a beast of the equine kind, and a camel, and a bird, (see عَشًا,)] and dual masc. أَعْشَيَانِ (TA) and fem. عَشْوَاوَانِ: (Ṣ, TA:) [and pl. عُشْىٌ.]

The fem. عَشْوَآءُ also particularly signifies. A she-camel that sees not before her, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) [or that has weak sight,] and therefore strikes everything with her fore feet, (Ṣ, TA,) not paying attention to the places of her feet [on the ground]. (TA.) [Hence] one says, رَكِبَ فُلَانٌ العَشْوَآءَ, meaning ‡ Such a one prosecuted his affair without mental perception, or without certainty. (Ṣ, TA.) And خَبَطَهُ خَبْطَ عَشْوَآءَ (Ḳ, TA) ‡ He did it [at random, or] without aim; thus accord. to the M: (TA:) or be ventured upon it without mental perception, and without certainty: (Ḳ,* TA:) or, as some say, he took it upon himself without his endeavouring to ascertain the right course; the doing of which is sometimes, or often, attended with error: it is a prov., applied to him who goes at random and does not care for the result of his conduct. (TA. [See also 1 in art. خبط.])

And عُقَابٌ عَشْوَآءُ An eagle that cares not how it beats the ground, and where it strikes with its talons. (TA.)

See also the fem. voce عَشْوَةٌ.

[مُتَعَشًّى A place in which one eats the eveningmeal, or supper.]