Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

غَدَا, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. يَغْدُو, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb,) inf. n. عُدُوٌّ (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and غَدْوٌ (M, TA, and so accord. to the CK instead of غُدُوٌّ [which is the only inf. n. commonly known]) and غُدْوَةٌ, (Ḳ,) He went, or went away, in the time called غُدْوَة, (Mgh, Mṣb,) i. e. [the early part of the morning,] the period between the prayer of daybreak and sunrise: this is the primary signification: (Mṣb:) or i. q. بَكَّرَ [he went forth early in the morning; in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise]; so in the phrase غَدَا عَلَيْهِ [he went forth early in the morning,, &c., to him, or it]; (Ḳ;) as alsoاغتدى↓: (Ṣ,* Ḳ:) andغاداهُ↓ signifies the same as غَدَا عَلَيْهِ; (Ṣ;) or the same as بَاكَرَهُ [which is syn. with بَكَّرَ عَلَيْهِ as expl. above; and signifies also, like بَكَّرَ عَلَيْهِ, he hastened to it, or to do it, at any time, morning or evening]: (ISd, Ḳ, TA:) الغُدُوُّ is the contr of الرَّوَاحُ [inf. n. of رَاحَ]. (Ṣ.) Hence, in the Ḳur [lxviii. 22], أَنِ ٱغْدُوا عَلَى حَرْثِكُمْ [Saying, Go ye forth early,, &c., to your land's produce]: and the saying of a poet,

*وَقَدْ أَغْتَدِى↓ وَالطَّيْرُ فِى وُكُنَاتِهَا *

[And sometimes, or often, I go forth early,, &c., while the birds are in their nests]. (TA.)

Afterwards, by reason of frequency of use, it became employed as meaning He went, or went away, or departed, at any time. (Mgh,* Mṣb, TA.) Hence the saying, (Mgh, Mṣb,) of the Prophet, (Mṣb,) in a trad., (Mgh,) اُغْدُ يَا أُنَيْسُ, (Mgh, Mṣb,) meaning Depart then, O Uneys. (Mṣb.)

[Freytag bas erroneously assigned to it another meaning, i. e. “Nutrivit” misled by his finding تَغْدُوْ put for تَغْذُو in art. طلى in the CK.]

غَدِىَ: see 5.

غَدَّيْتُهُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَغْدِيَةٌ, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) I fed him with the meal called غَدَآء [q. v.]. (Ṣ,* Mṣb, Ḳ.)

see 1, first sentence. One says, أَنَا أُغَادِيهِ وَأُرَاوِحُهُ expl. in the first paragraph {1} of art. روح.

تغدّى [He ate the meal called غَدَآء, q. v.; properly,] he ate in the first part of the day; (Ṣ, Mṣb,* Ḳ;) as alsoغَدِىَ↓, (IḲṭṭ, Ḳ, TA,) inf. n. غَدًا. (TḲ: but in the TA written غداء.) When it is said to thee, تَغَدَّ [Eat thou the غَدَآء], thou sayest, مَا بِى مِنْ تَغَدٍّ [I have no desire for eating the غَدَآء]; and not مَا بِى غَدَآءٌ, for [the] غَدَآء is the meal itself. (Ṣ, Mṣb. See also 5 in art. عشو.) تَغَدَّى فِى رَمَضَانَ means تَسَحَّرَ [i. e. He ate the meal, or drank the draught of milk, called سَحُور, q. v.]. (TA.)

And تَغَدَّتِ الإِبِلُ means The camels pastured in the first part of the day. (AḤn, TA.)

[استغدى accord. to Freytag is syn. with تَغَدَّى; but for this I do not find any authority.]

غَدٌ, meaning The morrow, the day next after the present day, (Mṣb,) is originallyغَدْوٌ↓, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) the و being elided, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) without any substitution, (Ṣ,) and the د being made a letter of declinability. (Mṣb.) And one says غَدًا meaning [I will do such a thing, &c.,] tomorrow: and بَعْدَ غَدٍ the day after to-morrow. (MA.) See also غَدَاةٌ.

And its signification has been extended so that it is applied to a remote time that is expected, (Mṣb, TA,) and to a near time. (Nh, TA.)

It is not used in its complete form except in poetry: (Nh, TA:) Lebeed, (Ṣ, TA,) or Dhu-r-Rummeh, (TA,) has thus used it in his saying,

* وَمَا النَّاسُ إِلَّا كَالدِّيَارِ وَأَهْلُهَا *

*بِهَا يَوْمَ حَلُّوهَا وَغَدْوًا↓ بَلَاقِعُ *

[And mankind are no other than the like of dwellings, the occupants thereof being in them daring the day in which they have alighted in them, and to-morrow they are vacant]: (Ṣ, TA:) or, accord. to the M, one says, هٰذَا عَدُكَ andهٰذَا غَدْوُكَ↓ [This is thy morrow]. (TA.)

It has no diminutive. (Sb, Ṣ, in art. امس.)

غَدَاةٌ: see غُدْوَةٌ, in four places: though [properly] fem., and not heard as made masc., it may be made masc. if meant to be understood as signifying the “first part of the day:” (IAmb, Mṣb:) it is originally غَدَوَةٌ, because its pl. is غَدَوَاتٌ. (IHsh, TA.) One says,آتِيكَ غَدَاةَ غَدٍ↓ [I will come to thee in the early part of the morning,, &c., of to-morrow]. (Ṣ, TA.) بِٱلْغَدَاةِ وَٱلْعَشِىِّ in the Ḳur [vi. 52 and xviii. 27] means After the prayer of daybreak and [after] the prayer of [the period of the afternoon called] the عَصْر: or, accord. to some, [it means in the morning and the evening, or rather in the forenoon and the afternoon, for they say that] it denotes constancy of religious service: Ibn-'Ámir and Aboo-ʼAbd-er-Rahmán Es-Sulamee read بِٱلْغُدْوَةِ↓ وَٱلْعَشِىِّ; but the former is the common reading; and AʼObeyd says, we think that they read thus following the handwriting, for it is written in all the copies of the Ḳur-án with و like الصَّلَوة and الزَّكَوة, and this is not an indication of the reading [which they have adopted], as the و in الصلوة and الزكوة is not pronounced [otherwise than as an ا of prolongation except that it requires the fet-ḥah that follows to be uttered with a somewhat broad sound]. (TA.)

هُوَ ٱبْنُ غَدَاتَيْنِ means He is a son of two days [i. e. he is two days old]. (TA.)

The dim. isغُدَيَّةٌ↓: (TA:) or this is the dim. of غُدْوَةٌ↓: (EM p. 56:) one says, أَرْكَبُ إِلَيْهِ غُدَيَّةً [I will ride to him, or it, in a short period of an early part of a morning,, &c.]: and one says also, ذَتَيْتُهُ غُدَيَّانَاتٍ↓ [I came to him, or it, in short periods of early parts of mornings,, &c.]; an anomalous [pl.] dim. like عُشَيَّانَات; both of which are mentioned by Sb. (TA.)

غَدْوَةٌ A journey in the first part of the day: [an inf. n. un. of غَدَا:] opposed to رَوْحَةٌ. (TA.)

See also the next paragraph.

And see غَدَآءٌ.

غُدْوَةٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.,) andغَدْوَةٌ↓, said by MF to be well known, andغِدْوَةٌ↓, said by him to be rare, or disapproved, (TA,) The early part of the morning; the first part of the day; (Ḳ;) or the period between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoغَدَاةٌ↓, andغَدِيَّةٌ↓, (Ḳ, TA,) the last [in the CK غَدْيَةِ, but correctly] a dial. var. of غُدْوَةٌ, like ضَحِيَّةٌ a dial. var. of ضَحْوَةٌ: (IAạr, TA:) orغَدَاةٌ↓ is syn. with ضَحْوَةٌ [meaning the early part of the forenoon, after sunrise; accord. to some, when the sun is yet low; or, accord. to others, when the sun is somewhat high]: (Mṣb:) [it may therefore be generally rendered morning, before, or after, sunrise:] the pls. are غُدًى, which is pl. of غُدْوَةٌ; (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA;) and غَدَوَاتٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) which is pl. ofغَدَاةٌ↓; (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA;) andغُدُوٌّ↓, (Ḳ, TA,) which is a pl. of غُدْوَةٌ, formed by rejecting the ة [of the sing.], or, accord. to the M, an anomalous pl. ofغَدَاةٌ↓, or, as J says, [in the Ṣ,] referring to the phrase بِٱلْغَدُوِّ وَٱلْآصَالِ, in the Ḳur [vii. 204 and xiii. 16 and xxiv. 36], بِالغُدُوِّ there means بِالغَدَوَاتِ, and is a verb [i. e. an inf. n.] used to denote the time, as [is طُلُوع] in the saying طُلُوعَ الشَّمْسِ meaning فِى وَقْتِ طُلُوعِ الشمس; (TA;) and غَدِيَّاتٌ, (IAạr, Ḳ, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, غَدَياتٌ,]) which is pl. ofغَدِيَّةٌ↓; (TA;) and غَدَايَا, (Ḳ, TA,) which is likewise a pl. ofغَدِيَّةٌ↓, accord. to IAạr, and, if so, regularly formed from غَدَايِوُ, in the same manner as has already been expl. in the case of عَشَايَا [pl. of عَشِيَّةٌ, q. v. voce عَشِىٌّ]; by some said to be a pl. of غُدْوَةٌ, but this has been controverted by IHsh in the Expos. of the “Kaabeeyeh” and by its commentator ['AbdEl-Kádir] El-Baghdádee; (TA;) or غَدَايَا is not used except in conjunction with عَشَايَا; (Ḳ, TA;) one says, إِنِّى لَآتِيهِ بِالغَدَايَا وَالعَشَايَا [Verily I come to him in the early parts of mornings and in the late parts of evenings], for the purpose of conformity. (Ṣ, TA.) Zj says that when غُدْوَة means The بُكْرَة [or early part of the morning,, &c.,] of the present day, or of a particular day, it is imperfectly decl.: and AḤei says that it is thus accord. to the opinion commonly obtaining, as is also بُكْرَة, each as being a generic proper name, like أُسَامَةُ; and that when you mean to generalize, you say, غُدْوَةٌ وَقْتُ نَشَاطٍ [An early part of a morning is a time of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness]; and when you mean to particularize, لَأَسِيرَنَّ اللَّيْلَةَ إِلَى غُدْوَةَ [I will assuredly journey to-night until the early part of the morning]: (TA:) [in the latter case also] one says, أَتَيْتُهُ غُدْوَةَ [I came to him in the early part of the morning of this, or of a particular, day]; غدوة being here imperfectly decl. because it is determinate, like سَحَرَ; but it is of those adv. ns. that may be used otherwise than as adv. ns.: you say, سِيرَ عَلَى فَرَسِكَ غُدْوَةَ and غُدْوَةً [i. e. Journeying was performed on thy horse, or mare, in the غُدْوَة of this, or of a particular, day, and in a غُدْوَة,] and غُدْوَةٌ and غُدْوَةٌ [i. e. the journey of the غُدْوَة of this, or of a particular, day, and the journey of a غُدْوَة, was performed (lit. was journeyed) on thy horse, or mare, غُدْوَةُ and غُدْوَةٌ being for. مَسِيرَةُ غُدْوَةَ and مَسِيرَةُ غُدْوَةٍ, like as شَهْرٌ in the Ḳur xxxiv. 11 is for مَسِيرَةُ شَهْرٍ]; what is with tenween, of these, being indeterminate, and what is without tenween being determinate. (Ṣ. [In one of my copies of the Ṣ, سِرْ is put in the place of سِيرَ: that the latter is the right is shown by the addition of غُدْوَةُ and غُدْوَةٌ; for each of these must be what is termed نَائِبٌ عَنْ فَاعِلٍ i. e. a substitute for an agent.]) See also غَدَاةٌ, in two places.

غَدَوِىٌّ: see غَدِىٌّ.

Also Whatever [offspring] is in [any of] the bellies of pregnant animals (AO, Ḳ, TA) of camels and of sheep or goats: (AO, TA:) or peculiarly of sheep or goats; (Ḳ, TA;) thus in the dial. of the Prophet: (TA:) or it [virtually, in a trad. mentioned in what follows,] means the selling a camel, or other [animal], for what the stallion begets: or the selling a sheep for the offspring begotten by the ram: (Ḳ:) in all of which senses غَذِىٌّ and غَذَوِىٌّ are [said to be] syn.: (Ḳ in art. غذو:) or غَدَوِىٌّ, (TA,) or غَذَوِىٌّ, or, as some relate a verse of El-Farezdaḳ in which it occurs, غَدَوِىٌّ, (Ṣ in art. غذو,) means the selling a thing for the offspring begotten by the ram [or, as appears from what follows, by the stallioncamel] in that year: غَدَوِىٌّ being a rel. n. from غَدٌ: as though they rendered one desirous by saying, “Our camels will bring forth and we will give thee to-morrow (غَدًا):” (Ṣ in art. غذو, and TA:) what is thus termed is forbidden in a trad.: a man used to buy, for a camel or a she-goat or money, what was in the bellies of pregnant animals; and this is a hazardous proceeding, and was therefore forbidden. (Nh, TA.) See also art. غذو.

And see عَدَوِيَّةٌ, in art. عدو.

غَدْيَانُ Eating the meal called غَدَآء: (Ṣ, Ḳ:*) fem. غَدْيَا, of the measure فَعْلَى, applied to a woman; (Ṣ;) or غَدْيَآءُ: (so in copies of the Ḳ:) they are originally with و [in the place of the ى], on the ground of preference, as is said in the M: and غَدْيَانَةٌ is mentioned by Z, as applied to a woman, coupled with عَشْيَانَةٌ. (TA.)

غَدَآءٌ The morning-meal, that is eaten between daybreak and sunrise; i. e. the meal, or repast, of the غُدْوَة; (Ḳ;) or of the غَدَاة; (Mṣb;) the meal, or repast, that is the contr. of the عَشآء: (Ṣ:) [it may therefore be rendered breakfast: but it is now commonly applied to dinner, which is eaten soon after the prayer of noon, and which is a lighter repast than the عَشَآء, i. e. supper:] الغدوة [app.الغَدْوَةُ↓] as meaning الغَدَآءُ is vulgar: (TA voce عَشْوَةٌ:) the pl. of غَدَآءٌ is أَغْذِيَةٌ. (Ḳ.) And The [meal, or the draught of milk, called] سَحُور is thus termed; because it is to the person fasting the like of what it is to him who is not fasting. (TA.)

Also The pasture of camels in the first part of the day. (TA.)

غَدِىٌّ Of, or relating to, the morrow; the rel. n. from غَدٌ; as alsoغَدَوىٌّ↓; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) the latter allowable. (Ṣ.)

See also عَدَويَّةٌ, in art. عدو.

الغَادِى The lion: (Ḳ, TA:) because he goes forth in the early part of the morning against the prey. (TA.)

غَادِيَةٌ A cloud that rises (Ṣ, Ḳ) in the صَبَاح (Ṣ) or in the غُدْوَة (Ḳ) [i. e. in the first part of the day]: or a rain of the [period of the morning called] غَدَاة: (Ḳ, TA:) thus says Lḥ: the pl. is غَوَادٍ. (TA.) [See a verse in the Ḥam p. 429.]

مَغْدًى andمَغْدَاةٌ↓ [A place to which people go, or to which they return, in the period of the morning called غُدْوَة; opposed to مَرَاحٌ and مَرَاحَةٌ].

[Hence] one says, مَا تَرَكَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ أَبِيهِ مَغْدًى وَلَا مَرَاحًا, andمَغْدَاةً↓ وَلَا مَرَاحَةً, expl. in art. روح. (Ṣ in art. روح, and Ḳ in the present art.)