Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

عَظُمَ, [aor. ـُ {يَعْظُمُ},] inf. n. عِظَمٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and عَظَامَةٌ, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) accord. to El-Iṣbahánee, primarily signifies He was, or became, great in his bone: then metaphorically said of anything كَبِير [or great], whether an object of sense or of intel-lect, a substance or an accident: (TA:) i. q. كَبُرَ, (Ṣ, TA,) said of a thing [as meaning it was, or became, great, big, or large], (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA,) in length and breadth and thickness: (TA:) [and in like manner, metaphorically, said of an object of intellect; meaning it was, or became, great in estimation or rank or dignity; and thus also said of a man: or it imports more than كَبُرَ; signifying it was, or became, great in comparison with other things of its kind; huge, enormous, or vast; and in a similar sense it is said of a man; and in an incomparably higher sense, of God: (see عَظِيمٌ, below:)] andاعظم↓ said of an affair, or event, signifies [like عَظُمَ] it became عَظِيم. (TA.) عِظَمٌ is the contr. of صِغَرٌ. (Ḳ.)

عَظُمَ عِنْدَهُ, and عَظُمَ عَلَيْهِ: see 6, in three places: and see also 4. And مَا يَعْظُمُنِى [which is similar in meaning to ما يَعْظُمُ عَلَىَّ if not a mistranscription for ما يُعْظِمُنِى]: see 4.

In the case of expressing wonder, one says, عُظْمَ البَطْنُ بَطْنُكَ [How great is the belly, thy belly!], contracting عَظُمَ, and transferring the vowel of its middle letter to [the place of] its first; and thus one does in the case of that which denotes praise or blame, and of whatever [verb] may be well used in the manner of نِعْمَ, and بِئْسَ: but what may not be thus used does not admit of the transferring, though it may be contracted; so that you may say, حَسُنَ الوَجْهُ وَجْهُكَ and حَسْنَ الوَجْهُ وَجْهُكَ and حُسْنَ الوَجْهُ وَجْهُكَ, but not قَدْ حُسْنَ الوَجْهُ وَجْهُكَ. (Ṣ.)

عَظَمَ الكَلْبَ, inf. n. عَظْمٌ, He gave the dog a bone to eat; as alsoاعظمهُ↓. (Ḳ.)

And عَظَمَ فُلَانًا, inf. n. عَظَمَةٌ (Ḳ, TA) and عَظَمٌ, (TA,) He struck such a one upon his bones. (Ḳ, TA.)

عظّمهُ, inf. n. تَعْظِيمٌ; andاعظمهُ↓; [He made it great, big, or large: see إِعْظَامَةٌ.]

[And hence,] He magnified, honoured, or treated with respect or reverence or veneration, him, [generally meaning thus, i. e. a person,] or it, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) i. e. an affair. (Ṣ.) [One says, فَعَلْتُ كَذَا تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ I did thus for the purpose of rendering honour, &c. to him, or it.]

عظّم المَطَرُ, inf. n. as above, The rain moistened to the measure of the عَظَمَة [or thick part] of the arm. (TA voce أَسَّلَ [q. v.])

عظّم الشَّاةَ, inf. n. as above, He cut up the sheep, or goat, bone by bone. (Ḳ.)

اعظم as intrans.: see 1, former half.

اعظمهُ: see 2:

and 10, in two places.

One says also, أَعْظَمَنِى مَا قُلْتَ, meaningهالَنِى وَعَظُمَ↓ عَلَىَّ [i. e. What thou saidst frightened me, or terrified me, and was grievous, or distressing, in its effect upon me (like كَبُرَ عَلَىَّ)]: andمَا يَعْظُمُنِى↓ أَنْ أَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ [if not a mistranscription for ما يُعْظِمُنِى], meaning مَا يَهُولُنِى [My doing that will not frighten me, or terrify me]. (TA.)

اعظم الكَلْبَ: see 1, last sentence but one.

تعظّم [He made himself to appear great, big, or large: as is indicated by an explanation of the word رُفَاعَة in the Ṣ, in art. رفع.]

[And hence,] He magnified himself; or behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently; as alsoاستعظم↓; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) [and soتعاظم↓:]

[whence one says, تعظّم عَنْهُ andتعاظم↓ عنه, both of which occur in the Ḳ, the former in art. ابه in explanation of تَأَبَّهَ عَنْ كَذَا, and the latter in art. جل in explanation of تَجَالَّ عَنْهُ; both meaning He held himself above it, disdained it, or was disdainful of it.]

[تَعَظَّمَ ٱللّٰهُ andتَعَاظَمَ↓ may be best rendered Incomparable in greatness, or majesty, is God.]

See also 10.

تعاظم as intrans.: see 5, in three places:

and see عَظَمَةٌ.

[تعاظمهُ signifies It was, or became, عَظِيم i. e. great,, &c., in comparison with it.] One says, سَيْلٌ لَا يَتَعَاظَمُهُ شَىْءٌ, meaning [A torrent] in comparison with which nothing will be great. (TA.) And أَصَابَنَا مَطَرٌ لَا يَتَعَاظَمُهُ شَىْءٌ i. e.لَا يَعْظُمُ↓ عِنْدَهُ [meaning, in like manner, Rain in comparison with which (lit. in juxtaposition to which) nothing will be great fell upon us]. (Ṣ, TA.) And هٰذَا أَمْرٌ يَتَعَاظَمُهُ شَىْءٌ (Ḳ,* TA) [This is an affair] in comparison with which nothing will be great. (Ḳ, TA.)

تعاظمهُ said of an affair, or event, (أَمْرٌ, Ṣ, Mṣb, TA,) signifies (Mṣb, Ḳ, TA) also (Ḳ, TA)عَظُمَ↓ عَلَيْهِ [i. e. It was, or became, of great magnitude, or moment, or importance; or of great gravity; or (like كَبُرَ عَلَيْهِ) difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome; in its effect upon him]. (Mṣb, Ḳ, TA.) In a trad., God is related to have said, لَا يَتَعَاظَمُنِى ذَنْبٌ أَنْ أَغْفِرَهُ, meaningلَا يَعْظُمُ↓ عَلَىَّ and عِنْدِى [i. e. A sin is not difficult,, &c., to me to forgive it; like as one says, لَا يَكْبُرُ عَلَىَّ and عِنْدِى]. (TA.)

استعظم as intrans.: see 5.

استعظمهُ He reckoned it, (Ṣ,) or he saw it, or judged it, to be, (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) عَظِيم [i. e. great,, &c.]; (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoاعظمهُ↓, (Mgh, Ḳ,) which latter is mentioned by ISd, but disapproved by him: one says, سَمِعْتُ خَبَرًا فَأَعْظَمْتُهُ↓ [I heard a narration and I judged it to be of great moment,, &c.]: (TA:) andتعظّم↓ is thought by ISd to mean he looked upon [a thing] as عَظِيم. (TA in art. شرف.)

Also, He took the greater, or main, part of it, (Ḳ, TA,) namely, a thing. (TA.)

عَظْمٌ The قَصَب [here meaning bone, but properly applied to the bones of the hands and feet, or of the arms and legs,] of an animal, upon which is the flesh: (Ḳ:) [dim. عُظَيْمٌ↓:] pl. [of mult.] عِظَامٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and عِظَامَةٌ, with ة as characteristic of the fem. gender, (Ḳ,) and [of pauc.] أَعْظُمٌ. (Mṣb, Ḳ.)

[And app. A portion of a camel slaughtered for distribution in the game called المَيْسِر: Freytag explains it as signifying, in the Deewán of the Hudhalees, “portio animalis mactati in ludo alearum:” and having for its pl. أَعْظُمٌ.]

عَظْمُ وَضَّاحٍ, orعُظَيْمُ↓ وَضَّاحٍ, is the name of A certain game of the Arabs, (Ḳ, TA,) of the children of the Arabs of the desert, (L in art. وضح,) in which they throw in the night a piece of bone, (TA,) or a white bone, (L in art. وضح,) and he who lights upon it overcomes his companions: when one of the two parties overcame, he, or they, used to ride those of the other party from the place in which they found it to the place from which they threw it, saying, عُظَيْمَ وَضَّاحٍ ضِحَنَّ اللَّيْلَهْ وَلَا تَضِحَنَّ بَعْدَهَا مِنْ لَيْلَهْ [O little bone of a thing very apparent, do thou appear to-night, and do not thou appear any night after it]. (TA.)

عَظْمُ الرَّحْلِ The wood of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل, without أَنْسَاع [i. e. the broad, plaited, leathern bands with which it is bound], and without any gear. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

عَظْمُ الفَدَّانِ The broad board of the plough, (Ḳ, TA,) at the head of which is the iron [or share] whereby the earth is cloven: and عَضْم is a dial. var. thereof. (TA.)

عَظْمٌ is also a dial. var. of عَضْمٌ signifying A winnowing-fork. (AḤn, TA in art. عضم, q. v.)

And a dial. var. of عَضْمٌ as signifying The handle, or part that is grasped by the hand, of a bow. (AḤn, TA in art. عضم.)

See also مُعْظَمٌ.

عَظَمُ الطَّرِيقِ The main part, or middle, or beaten track, of the road. (Ḳ.)

عَظَمَةٌ Self-magnification, pride, haughtiness, or insolence; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoعُظْمٌ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andعُظَّامَةٌ↓ andعَظَمُوتٌ↓: (Ḳ:) as an attribute of a human being, it is [generally] blamable: (Az, Ḳ, TA:) [but] one says, لِفُلَانِ عَظَمَةٌ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ meaning To such a one belongs a title to honour, or respect, in the estimation of men; andلَهُ تَعَاظُمٌ↓ likewise: andإِنَّهُ لَعَظِيمُ المَعَاظِمِ↓ i. e. Verily he is great in respect of the title that he has to honour, and of the rights that are held in high account; one to whom it is incumbent [on others] to pay regard, or consideration. (TA.)

As an attribute of God, it is not to be ascribed to a human being; (Az, Ḳ, TA;) for, in relation to Him [it means Incomparable greatness or majesty, and] it is not to be specified by the ascription of its quality, nor defined, nor likened to anything. (TA.)

Also The thick part of the fore arm; (Ṣ;) the half next the elbow, of the fore arm, in which is the [main] muscle; the half next the hand being called the أَسَلَة. (Lḥ, Ḳ.)

And The thick part of the tongue, (Ḳ, TA,) above the عَكَدَة, which is the root thereof. (TA.)

عَظَمَاتُ القَوْمِ The chiefs, and nobles, of the people, or party. (Ḳ,* TA.)

See also إِعْظَامَةٌ.

عَظِمَةٌ A female that desires great أُيُور [pl. of أَيْرٌ, q. v.]; as alsoمَعْظُومَةٌ↓. (Ḳ.)

عَظْمِىٌّ [in the CK عَظْمٰى, but it is a rel. n.,] A pigeon inclining to whiteness; (Ḳ, TA;) app. so called in relation to the bone (العَظْم), by reason of its whiteness. (TA.)

عَظِيمٌ Having the quality denoted by the verb عَظُمَ; [i. e. great, big, or large;, &c.;] (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoعُظَامٌ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA) in an intensive sense [i. e. signifying very great, &c.], (TA,) andعُظَّامٌ↓ (Ḳ, TA) in a more intensive sense than عُظَامٌ [i. e. signifying very very great, &c.]: (TA:) or عَظِيمٌ signifies esteemed great, &c. by another or others; differing from كَبِيرٌ, which signifies “great, &c. in itself:” (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee, TA:) or the former is the contr. of حَقِيرٌ; [i. e. it signifies of great account or estimation;] and as حَقِيرٌ is inferior to صَغِيرٌ, so عَظِيمٌ is superior to كَبِيرٌ; (Ksh and Bḍ in ii. 6;) and signifies great, or the like, in comparison with other things of its kind: (Bḍ ibid:) [it may therefore often be rendered huge, enormous, or vast: used metaphorically, as applied to an object of the intellect, it means great in estimation or rank or dignity; and thus as applied to a man: also of great magnitude or moment or importance: of great gravity: difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome: (see 6:)] and formidable, or terrible. (Bḍ in xxii. 1.) Hence one says, رَجُلٌ عَظِيمٌ فِى المَجْدِ وَالرَّأْىِ ‡ [A man great in respect of glory, honour, dignity, or nobility, and of judgment, or opinion]. (TA.) And رَمَاهُ بِعَظِيمٍ andبِمُعْظَمٍ↓ † [He reproached him, or upbraided him, with, or he accused him of, a thing, or an act, of great gravity; or an enormity]: both mean the same. (TA.) [The pl. of عَظِيمٌ is عِظَامٌ and, applied to rational beings, عُظَمَآءُ.]

العَظِيمُ as an epithet applied to God is syn. with الكَبِيرُ [signifying The Incomparably-great]. (TA.)

عَظِيمَةٌ A severe calamity or misfortune; as alsoمُعْظَمَةٌ↓; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) [and soمُعْظَمٌ↓, thus in a verse cited in the Ṣ in art. ولب:] pl. of the first عَظَائِمُ; and of the second مَعَاظِمُ↓. (TA.)

[And A great crime or the like; a meaning well known: so I have rendered it voce صَخَّ: in art. طمر in the O and TA, its pl. عَظَائِمُ, is rendered by ذُنُوب: see مُطَمَّرٌ.]

See also إِعْظَامَةٌ.

إِعْظَامَةٌ andعِظَامَةٌ↓ andعُظَّامَةٌ↓ andعُظْمَةٌ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA) [the last written in one of my copies of the Ṣ عُظُمَّة] andعَظِيمَةٌ↓ (TA) [andعَظَمَةٌ↓ (Freytag from the Deewán of Jereer)] A thing like a pillow (Fr, Ṣ) &c., (Fr,) or a garment, or piece of cloth, (Ḳ,) with which a woman makes her posteriors [to appear] large. (Fr, Ṣ, Ḳ.)

مُعْظَمٌ The greater, main, [principal, chief,] or most, part or portion, [or body, or aggregate,] (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) of a thing [or of things], (Ṣ, Mṣb,) or of an affair, or event; (Ḳ;) [the main, gross, mass, or bulk, of a thing or of things;] as alsoعُظْمٌ↓ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) andعَظْمٌ↓: (Lḥ, Ḳ:) orعُظْمٌ↓, it is said, [as also مُعْظَمٌ in many cases,] signifies the middle, or midst, of a thing. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-Seereen,جَلَسْتُ إِلَى مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ عُظْمٌ↓ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ, meaning [I sat by an assembly in which was] a numerous company of the Ansár. (TA.) [مُعْظَمُ الحَرْبِ, and المَوْتِ, signify The thick, or thickest, or the main stress or struggle, of the fight or battle, and of death in battle: see رَحًى (near the end of the paragraph) in art. رحو and رحى.]

[And accord. to Freytag, it occurs in the Deewan of the Hudhalees as signifying The harder parts of the body, as the neck, the thigh,, &c.]

See also عَظِيمٌ:

and عَظِيمَةٌ.

مُعْظَمَةٌ; and its pl., مَعَاظِمُ: see عَظِيمَةٌ.

And for مَعَاظِمُ as a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned, see عَظَمَةٌ.

مَعْظُومَةٌ A young weaned camel having a bone in his tongue broken, in order that he may not such. (Ḳ.)

مَعْظُومَةٌ: see عَظِمَةٌ.