Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

عَهِدَ إِلَيْهِ, (Ṣ, A, &c.,) aor. ـَ {يَعْهَدُ}, (Mṣb,) inf. n. عَهْدٌ, (TA,) He enjoined, charged, bade, ordered, or commanded, him; (Ṣ, A, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA;) as alsoاستعهد↓ مِنْهُ. (A.) One says, عَهِدْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِالأَمْرِ I enjoined him, or charged him,, &c., to do the thing. (Mṣb.) And it is said in the Ḳur [xxxvi. 60], أَلَمْ أَعْهَدْ إِلَيْكُمْ يَا بَنِى آدَمَ أَنْ لَا تَعْبُدُوا ٱلشَّيْطَانَ [Did I not enjoin you, or charge you,, &c., O sons of Adam, that ye should not serve the Devil? or, saying, Serve not ye the Devil?]. (O, Mṣb.) [And in the same, ii. 119, وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرٰهِيمَ وَإِسْمٰعِيلَ أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِى And we enjoined, or charged,, &c., Abraham and Ishmael, saying, Purify ye my house.] And one says also, عَهِدَ إِلَيْه فِيهِ, meaning تَقَدَّمَ [i. e. He enjoined him, or charged him,, &c., respecting it, or to do it]. (TḲ.) And He obliged him to do it. (L in art. عقد.)

Also He imposed a condition, or conditions, upon him; (A;) and soاستعهد↓ مِنْهُ: (A, Ḳ:) which latter signifies (O, Ḳ) also (Ḳ) he wrote a statement of a compact, covenant, confederacy, or league, as binding upon him. (O, Ḳ.)

And He made a compact, contract, covenant, or the like, with him; or a promise to him. (MA.) [See also 3.]

And عَهِدَ إِلَىَّ فُلَانٌ فِى كَذَا Such a one was, or became, or made himself, responsible, answerable, accountable, amenable, surety, or guarantee, to me, for, or in respect of, such a thing. (TḲ.)

عَهِدَ وَعْدَهُ, inf. n. عَهْدٌ, He fulfilled his promise. (TḲ.)

And عَهِدَ الحُرْمَةَ, inf. n. as above, He was mindful, regardful, or observant, of that which should be sacred, or inviolable; or of that which was entitled to reverence, respect, honour, or defence. (TḲ.)

عَهِدَهُ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb,) inf. n. عَهْدٌ, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) He met, or met with, him, or it, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,*) بِمَكَانِ كَذَا in such a place. (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb.) [See also عَهْدٌ below.]

And He knew, or was acquainted with, him, or it, (Mṣb, Ḳ,* TA,) عَلَى حَالٍ in a state, or condition, or فِى مَكَانٍ in a place. (TA.) And عُهِدَ He, or it, was known. (Ṣ, O.) One says, الأَمْرُ كَمَا عَهِدْتَ The affair, or case, was as thou knewest. (Mṣb.) And the saying of Umm-Zarạ, وَلَا يَسْأَلُ عَمَّا عَهِدَ (O, TA,) means Nor used he to ask respecting that which he saw, (O,) or that which he knew, (TA,) in the tent, or house, by reason of his liberality. (O, TA.) [See, again, عَهْدٌ below.]

عُهِدَتِ الأَرْضُ, (Ṣ,) or الرَّوْضَةُ, (A,) The land, or the meadow, was rained upon (Ṣ, A) by the rain called عَهْدَة [or عَهْد]: (A:) and عُهِدَ المَكَانُ [in the CK بالمَكَانِ] the place was rained upon by the rain called عهْد, i. e. the first of the rain called الوَسْمِىّ: (Ḳ:) or was altogether rained upon. (TA.)

مُعَاهَدَةٌ is between two persons; (O;) signifying The uniting with another in a compact, a contract, a covenant, an agreement, a confederacy, a league, a treaty, or an engagement, (Mṣb,) عَلَى كَذَا [respecting, or to do, such a thing]. (MA.) You say, يُعَاهِدُكَ وَتُعَاهِدُهُ [He makes a compact,, &c., with thee, and thou makest a compact,, &c., with him]. (Ṣ, O.) [See also عَهِدَ إِلَيْهِ.]

And عاهدهُ He swore to him. (Ḳ in this art., and Mgh in art. وثق.)

See also 5.

أَنَا أُعْهِدُكَ مِنْ إِبَاقِهِ, (ISh, O, Ḳ,) inf. n.إِعْهَادٌ, (Ḳ,) I hold thee clear of responsibility for his running away: (ISh, O, Ḳ, TA:) said by one who has purchased a slave. (TA.) And in like manner, أَنَا أُعْهِدُكَ مِنْ هَذٰا الأَمْرِ I hold thee, or make thee, secure from this thing. (TA.) Hence the term عُهْدَةٌ↓. (TA.) And the latter phrase signifies [also] I am responsible for thy security from this thing. (ISh, O, Ḳ.)

تعهّدهُ He renewed his acquaintance with it, or his knowledge of it; (Ṣ, O, L, Mṣb, Ḳ;) this is the proper signification; (Mṣb;) as alsoاعتهدهُ↓; (O,* L, Ḳ;) andتعاهدهُ↓; (L, Ḳ;) andعاهدهُ↓, inf. n. مُعَاهَدَةٌ: (L:) and he sought it, or sought for it or after it, it being absent from him; syn. تَفَقَّدَهُ; as alsoتعاهدهُ↓, andاعتهده↓: (Ḳ:) or تعهّدهُ and تفقّدهُ are used, by some, each in the place of the other; but accord. to Er-Rághib and many others, the former signifies he sought, or sought leisurely or repeatedly, to obtain knowledge of it, having known of it before; and the latter, he sought, or sought leisurely or repeatedly, to obtain knowledge of it, having lost it: (MF in art. فقد:) or تعهّدهُ signifies he renewed his acquaintance with it, or his knowledge of it, and sought, or sought leisurely or repeatedly, to find means of rectifying it, reforming it, or putting it into a good or right or proper state: (IDrst, TA:) or he came to it, and rectified it, reformed it, or put it into a good or right or proper state: (Mgh:) or as first expl. above, and also he returned to it time after time, or went frequently to it, and rectified it, reformed it, or put it into a good or right or proper state: (Mṣb:) or, simply, [as alsoتعاهدهُ↓,] he returned, or recurred, to it time after time, [see an instance voce أَخْرَقُ,] or went frequently to it: (Et-Tedmuree, TA:) and also [i. e. both signify also he paid repeated, or frequent, attention to it; or] he was careful, or mindful, of it; or attentive to it. (Ṣ, O, Mṣb.*) One says also, تَعَهَّدْتُ فُلَانًا [I renewed my acquaintance with such a one; repaired, or betook myself, to him frequently; paid frequent attention to him; or simply paid attention to him]. (Ṣ, O.) And تَعَهَّدْتُ ضَيْعَتِى, (Ṣ, O, Mgh,) properly signifying I renewed my acquaintance with, or my knowledge of, my estate, is used as meaning I came to my estate, and put it into a good or right or proper condition: (Mgh:) [or I paid repeated, or frequent, or much, attention to it, taking good and effectual care of it; I husbanded it well:] or, accord. to IDrst, the verb here has the meaning given above on his authority: or, accord. to Ed-Tedmuree, the meaning is that given above as his explanation; and is from عَهْدٌ as signifying “rain that falls after other rain,” or from the same word as signifying “a place of abode in which one has known a thing:” (TA:) and one may say also تَعَاهَدْتُ↓; (Fr, ISk, Mgh;) but تَعَهَّدْتُ is more chaste, (El-Fá- rábee, Ṣ, O, Mṣb,) because تَعَاهُدٌ↓ is only between two [or more]: (Ṣ, O:) or تعاهدت is not allowable, (AZ, AḤát, Th, IF, Mṣb,) for the reason just mentioned: (IF, Mṣb:) AZ says that six Arabs of the desert, of chaste speech, being asked in the presence of himself and of Yoo, one after another, whether they said تعهّدت ضيعتى orتعاهدت↓, all answered, تعهّدت. (AḤát, TA.) One also says, of a man, يَتَعَهَّدُهُ صَرْعٌ [Epilepsy befalls him repeatedly, or time after time]. (Ṣ, O.)

تعاهدوا They united in a compact, a contract, a covenant, an agreement, a confederacy, a league, a treaty, or an engagement, [عَلَى كَذَا respecting, or to do, such a thing;] syn. تَعَاقَدُوا, (Ṣ and Ḳ in art. عقد,) and تَحَالَفُوا. (Ṣ and Ḳ in art. حلف.)

See also 5, in six places.

see 1, former half, in two places.

One says also, اسْتَعْهَدْتُهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ, meaning I made him responsible for accidents [arising, or that might arise,] from himself. (O, Ḳ.*)

عَهْدٌ [an inf. n. of 1, q. v.: used as a simple subst.,] An injunction, a charge, a bidding, an order, or a command. (Ṣ, A, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA.) [Pl. in this and other senses عُهُودٌ.] عَهْدِى أَنْ لَا آخُذَ مِنْ رَاضِعٍ شَيْئًا, occurring in a trad., is a phrase tropically abridged, meaning ‡ It is in the injunction, or charge, prescribed as obligatory on me [that I should not take anything from a suckling]. (Mgh.)

A compact, a contract, a covenant, an agreement, a confederacy, a league, a treaty, an engagement, a bond, an obligation, or a promise: (Ṣ, A, Mgh, O, L, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA:) pl. عُهُودٌ: or, accord. to AHeyth, عَهْدَةٌ↓ has this this meaning, and عَهْدٌ is its pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.]. (TA.) Hence وَلِىُّ عَهْدٍ The successor by virtue of a covenant of a Khaleefeh [or King]. (TA.) [And وِلَايَةُ عَهْدٍ The succession by virtue of a covenant.]

Protection, or safeguard; a promise, or an assurance, of security or safety; responsibility, or suretiship; syn. أَمَانٌ; and ذِمَّةٌ; (Sh, Ṣ, A, O, Mṣb, Ḳ;) and ضَمَانٌ; (O, Ḳ;) as alsoعُهَّيْدَى↓ [in the O عُهَيْدَى↓] andعِهْدَانٌ↓ [which last is said in the Ṣ and O to be syn. with عَهْدٌ, but in what sense is not there specified]. (Ḳ.) Hence, ذُو عَهْدٍ, an appel-lation given to a Christian, and a Jew, [and a Sabian, who is a subject of a Muslim government,] meaning One between whom and the Muslims a compact, or covenant, subsists, whereby the latter are responsible for his security [and freedom and toleration] as long as he acts agreeably to the compact [by living peaceably with them and paying a poll-tax]; (Mgh,* Mṣb,* TA;) [i. e. a free non-Muslim subject of a Muslim government;] as alsoمُعَاهِدٌ↓ andمُعَاهَدٌ↓, the act. and pass. forms being both applied to such a person because the compact is mutual; (Mṣb;) both syn. with ذِمِّىٌّ: (Ṣ:) persons of this description are called collectively أَهْلُ العَهْدِ. (TA.)

An oath: (Ṣ, A, O, Ḳ:) pl. عُهُودٌ: or, accord. to AHeyth, عَهْدَةٌ↓ signifies an oath whereby one secures himself against him with whom he makes a compact, contract, covenant, or the like, and عَهْدٌ is its pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.]. (TA.) [But it is generally used as a sing.: hence,] one says, عَلَىَّ عَهْدُ ٱللّٰهِ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ كَذَا [The oath by attestation of God is binding on me that I will assuredly do such a thing]. (Ṣ, O.)

A writ, or diploma, of appointment to the office of a prefect or governor or the like: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) pl. عُهُودٌ. (TA.)

Defence of those persons, or things, that should be sacred, or inviolable, or that are entitled to reverence, respect, honour, or defence; (Ṣ, A, O, Ḳ;) and mindfulness, regard, or observance, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) of such things, (Ḳ,) or of love, or affection; occurring in this sense in a trad., in which it is said that generosity therein is a point of religion. (Ṣ.)

Fulfilment of a promise or the like. (O, Ḳ.) So in the Ḳur vii. 100. (O.)

The assertion of the unity of God: whence, إِلَّا مَنِ ٱتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ ٱلرَّحْمٰنِ عَهْدًا [Except such as hath made a covenant with the Compassionate to assert his unity], (O, Ḳ,) in the Ḳur [xix. 90]: (O:) and the words of a trad. relating to prayer, أَنَا عَلَى عَهْدِكَ وَوَعْدِكَ مَا ٱسْتَطَعْتُ I am persevering in the observance of my covenant and promise to Thee to believe in Thee and to assert thy unity incessantly [as far as I am able]. (TA.)

Also A time; (Ṣ,* A, Ḳ;) and soعِهْدَانٌ↓. (A, TA.) One says, كَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ فُلَانٍ andعِهْدَانِهِ↓ It was in the time of such a one. (A.) And كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى عَهْدِ شَبَابِى That was in the time of my youth, or young manhood. (TḲ.) And أَتَى عَلَيْهَا عَهْدٌ طَوِيلٌ [Over which a long time has passed]. (Ṣ, in explanation of قَرْيَةٌ عَهِيدَةٌ meaning قَدِيمَةٌ.)

One says also, عَهْدِى بِهِ قَرِيبٌ i. e. My meeting [with him, or it, was a short time ago]. (Ṣ,* Mṣb.) And هُوَ قَرِيبُ العَهْدِ بَكَذَا He knew, or was acquainted with, such a thing, and was in such a state, or condition, recently, or a short time ago. (Mṣb. [And in like manner one says حَدِيثُ العَهْدِ and حَدِيثُ عَهْدٍ.]) And عَهْدِى بِهِ بِمَوْضِعِ كَذَا, (Ḳ, TA,) and فِى حَالِ كَذَا, (TA,) I met, or met with, or I knew, [or I saw,] him, or it, in such a place, (Ḳ, TA,) and in such a state, or condition. (TA.) And مَا لِى عَهْدٌ بِهِ [I have not any knowledge of, or acquaintance with, him, or it]. (A.) And مَتَى عَهْدُكَ بِفُلَانٍ When didst thou meet, or meet with, such a one? (Mgh:) or see such a one? (TA.) And مَتَى عَهْدُكَ بِالخُفِّ When didst thou wear the boots? (Mgh.) And مَتَى عَهْدُكَ بِأَسْفَلِ فِيكَ [When didst thou see the lower part of thy mouth?]: a prov.; said in asking a person respecting an old affair of which he has no knowledge. (L.) The saying of the poet, (Aboo-Khirásh El-Hudhalee, TA, and so in a copy of the Ṣ,)

* فَلَيْسَ كَعَهْدِ الدَّارِ يَا أُمَّ مَالِكٍ *

* وَلٰكِنْ أَحَاطَتْ بِالرِّقَابِ السَّلَاسِلُ *

[And it is not like the formerly-known state of the abode, O Umm-Málik; but chains have surrounded the necks;] is expl. as meaning, the case is not as thou knewest it; but El-Islám has come, and has subverted that case. (Ṣ, TA.) [Hence, لِلْعَهْدِ andلِلْمَعْهُودِ↓, said of the article اَلْ; meaning Used to distinguish a noun as known to the hearer, or reader, in a particular sense.]

Also A first rain; the rain immediately following which is called وَلْىٌ: (TA:) or the first of the rain called الوَسْمِىُّ; (IAạr, M, Ḳ;) and soعَهْدَةٌ↓ andعِهْدَةٌ↓ andعِهَادَةٌ↓, (M, Ḳ, TA,) or, as in some copies of the Ḳ [and in the CK], عِهَادٌ↓, which is pl. of عَهْدٌ. (TA.)

And Rain that falls after other rain, (AḤn, Ṣ, Ḳ,) while the moisture of the former yet remains; (AḤn, Ḳ;) as alsoعَهْدَةٌ↓ andعِهْدَةٌ↓: (TA:) pl. عِهَادٌ and عُهُودٌ: (Ṣ:) or عِهَادٌ, accord. to some, signifies recent rains; app. from the saying, أَصَابَتْنَا دِيمَةٌ بِعْدَ دِيمَةٍ عَلَى عِهَادٍ غَيْرِ قَدِيمَةٍ [A continuous and still rain fell upon us after a continuous and still rain following upon عهاد not long anterior]: (AḤn, TA:) or عِهَادٌ signifies rains of the [season called] رَبِيع [here meaning autumn, as is shown voce نَوْءٌ], after the rain called الوَسْمِىّ: (A:) or weak, fine rain, of that which is called وَسْمِىّ. (IAạr, TA.)

And عَامُ العُهُودِ means The year of few rains. (TA.)

See also عُهْدَةٌ, near the middle, in two places:

and see مَعْهَدٌ, in three places.

عَهِدٌ A man who applies himself repeatedly to affairs, and to prefectures or governments or the like; or who applies himself repeatedly thereto, and to the reforming thereof; expl. by the words يَتَعَاهَدُ الأُمُورَ وَالوِلَايَاتِ: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or one who loves prefectures or the like, and writs of appointment thereto; expl. by مُحِبٌّ لِلْوِلَايَاتِ وَالعُهُودِ. (A.)

عَهْدَةٌ: see عَهْدٌ, former half, in two places:

and again, in the last quarter, in two places.

عهدة [thus written, without any syll. sign], in a verse cited by AHeyth, [the measure of which shows it to be عَهْدَةٌ orعُهْدَةٌ↓ orعِهْدَةٌ↓, and in which it is applied to the depository of a secret,] is expl. as signifying [properly] A place on which the sun does not come. (TA.)

عُهْدَةٌ A written statement of a purchase or sale: (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ:) so called because one recurs to it on an occasion of doubt. (Mṣb.) And A written statement of a confederacy, league, compact, or covenant. (Ḳ.)

Also A return [to claim an indemnification for a fault or the like in a thing purchased]; syn. رَجْعَةٌ: so in the saying, لَا عُهْدَةَ [There shall be no return to claim an indemnification]: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) one says, أَبِيعُكَ المَلَسَى لَا عُهْدَةَ i. e. [I sell to thee on the condition that] thou shalt get thee away, and not return to me, (Ṣ in this art., and Ṣ and Mṣb and Ḳ in art. ملس,) nor have any claim upon me for indemnification: (Mṣb in art. ملس:) عُهْدَةٌ with respect to an article of merchandise being when it is sold in a faulty state or subject to a claim on the part of its owner. (TA. [See more voce مَلَسَى.]) One says also, عَلَيْكَ فِى هٰذِهِ عُهْدَةٌ لَا تَتَفَصَّى مِنْهَا Thou art subject to a claim for acting unjustly [in respect of this, from which thou wilt not liberate thyself]. (A, TA.) And عُهْدَةُ الرَّقِيقِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ The claim for indemnification for a fault in a slave, from the property of the seller, if he have sold him without making it a condition that he is clear of responsibility for any fault, is during three days, and the purchaser may return him without proof; but if he find a fault after three days, he may not return him without proof. (TA, from a trad.) Andعَهْدٌ↓ and عُهْدَةٌ signify the same: (TA:) you say, بَرِئْتُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ عُهْدَةِ هٰذَا العَبْدِ [andمِنْ عَهْدِهِ↓], meaning I am clear of responsibility to thee for any fault that thou mayest find in this slave known to exist in him while he was with me. (AHeyth, Mgh, TA.) See 4. And you say also, عُهْدَتُهُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ The responsibility for the rectification of any fault that may be found in him, or it, is upon such a one. (Ṣ,* Mgh, Mṣb,* Ḳ,* TA.) And فِى الأَمْرِ عُهْدَةٌ In the affair is an occasion for reverting to it for the purpose of its rectification; (Mṣb;) i. e. the affair is not yet performed soundly, thoroughly, or well, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb,) and the manager thereof has to revert to it in order to render it so. (Mṣb.) And فِيهِ عُهْدَةٌ In it is a fault, a defect, or an imperfection. (TA.) And فِى عَقْلِهِ عُهْدَةٌ In his intellect is a weakness. (Ṣ, A, O, Ḳ.) And فِى خَطِّهِ عُهْدَةٌ In his handwriting is a weakness: (Ḳ:) or badness: (A:) or faulty formation of the letters. (O.)

See also عَهْدَةٌ.

عِهَادٌ: see عَهْدٌ, near the end of the paragraph.

Also Parts of land upon which the rain called الوَسْمِىّ has fallen. (TA.)

عَهِيدٌ One who makes, and with whom is made, a compact, a contract, a covenant, an agreement, a confederacy, a league, a treaty, or an engagement; [a confederate;] (Ṣ, O;) i. q.مُعَاهِدٌ↓ [andمُعَاهَدٌ↓]. (A, Ḳ.)

Also Old, or ancient. (Ḳ.) قَرْيَةٌ عَهِيدَةٌ means An old, or ancient, town or village. (Ṣ, O.)

مَعْهَدٌ A place in which one used to know, or be acquainted with, or meet with, a thing; (Ṣ, A, O;) a place in which a thing is, or has been, known, or met with; as alsoعَهْدٌ↓; (Ḳ;) the latter originally an inf. n.: (TA:) an abode in which one used to know love, or desire: (TA:) and, as alsoعَهْدٌ↓, a place of abode to which people return: (A:) or a place of abode to which people, when they have gone far away from it, always return: (Ṣ, O:) pl. of the former مَعَاهِدُ. (A.) One says,اِسْتَوْقَفَ الرَّكْبَ عَلَى عَهْدِ↓ الأَحِبَّةِ and عَلَى مَعْهَدِهِمْ [He asked the company of riders to stop at the place where he used to know, or meet, the objects of love; or] at the abode to which the objects of love used to return. (A.)

أَرْضٌ مُعَهَّدَةٌ Land upon which a partial rain has fallen. (AZ, O, Ḳ.*)

مَعْهُودٌ Known. (Ṣ, O.) مَعْهُودٌ وَمَشْهُودٌ وَمَوْعُودٌ, as meaning Past and present and future, are applied to denote the tenses of a verb. (Kh, L.) See also عَهْدٌ, last quarter.

Also, applied to a place, (Ḳ,) and, with ة {مَعْهُودَةٌ}, to a land, (أَرْضٌ, Ṣ,) and to a meadow, (رَوْضَةٌ, A,) Rained upon by the rain called عَهْدٌ (Ṣ,* Ḳ) or عَهْدَةٌ. (A.)

مُعَاهِدٌ and مُعَاهَدٌ: see عَهِيدٌ: and see also عَهْدٌ, former half. معاهد [i. e. either the act. or the pass. part. n.] is mostly applied in the trads. to A person of the class called أَهْلُ الذِّمَّةِ [or أَهْلُ العَهْدِ, expl. voce عَهْدٌ]: but sometimes it is applied also to any other of the unbelievers with whom one is on terms of peace, or with whom peace has been made, for a definite time. (L.)