Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

غَشِيَهُ, aor. يَغْشَى, inf. n. غَشَاوَةٌ, It covered, or concealed, him, or it; (TA;) as alsoتغشّاهُ↓. (MA.) And one says, غَشَانِى اللَّيْلُ, i. e. غَشِيَنِى [The night covered me, or concealed me: or the meaning may be that which next follows]. (JK.)

غَشِيَهُ, (Ḳ, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) is said of an event (أَمْرٌ), [and of heat, (Ṣ and Ḳ in art. دغم,) and of cold, (Ḳ in that art.,) and of an affection of the mind or body, and of various things, sometimes in like manner of a man, and of a company of men,] in a similar sense; and soتغشّاهُ↓; (Ḳ, TA;) both signifying It came upon, [or invaded, so as to surprise, and so as to over-whelm, properly meaning] as a thing that covered, him, or it. (Ḳ,* TA.) Hence, in the Ḳur [liii. 16], إِذْ يَغْشَى ٱلسِّدْرَةَ مَا يَغْشَى [When there was coming upon the lote-tree so as to cover it, or overspread it, what was so coming]. (TA.) And in the same [xx. 81], فَغَشِيَهُمْ مِنَ ٱلْيَمِّ مَا غَشِيَهُمْ [And there came upon them so as to overwhelm them, of the sea, what so came upon them]. (TA.) And in the same [viii. 11], إِذْ يَغْشَاكُمُ [followed by ٱالنُّعَاسُ, i. e. When it (drowsiness) was coming upon you, or overcoming you]; accord. to one reading; other readings being يُغْشِيكُمُ and يُغَشِّيكُمُ [followed by ٱلنُّعَاسَ]. (TA.) See also غَاشِيَةٌ, in three places.

[A somewhat similar signification of غَشِيَهُ will be found below.]

One says of the night, يَغْشَى بِظُلْمَتِهِ كُلَّ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَآءِ وَالأَرْضِ [It covers, or conceals, with its darkness, everything that is between the heaven and the earth]. (Jel in xcii. 1.) And [hence it is said that] غَشِىَ اللَّيْلُ means The night was, or became, dark; as alsoاغشى↓. (Mṣb, TA.)

[And غَشِيَهُ, and غَشِىَ بَصَرَهُ andغشّاهُ↓, signify It, i. e. light (ضَوْءٌ), came upon him, and upon his eye, with an overpowering effect, so as to obscure, or dazzle, his sight.]

غَشِيَهُ also signifies جَآءَهُ (Ṣ) or أَتَاهُ (Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) [which have two meanings, i. e. He came to him, and he did it; both, perhaps, here meant, for both are well-known meanings of غَشِيَهُ]; and, thus used, the aor. is as above, (TA,) and the inf. n. is غَشَيَانٌ, (Ṣ, TA,) or غِشْيَانٌ, (so in one of my copies of the Ṣ,) or the subst. is غِشْيَانٌ↓, (Mṣb,) with kesr, (Mgh, Mṣb,) syn. with إِتْيَانٌ. (Mgh.) You say, غَشِىَ فُلَانًا He came to such a one; syn. أَتَاهُ; as also غَشَاهُ, aor. يَغْشُوهُ. (Ḳ.)

[Hence,] غَشِيَهَا, (Ṣ, MA, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. غَشَيَانٌ or غِشْيَانٌ, (accord. to different copies of the Ṣ,) or the latter and غَشْىٌ, (MA,) orغِشْيَانٌ↓ is the subst. in this case also, (Mṣb,) and syn. with إِتْيَانٌ, metonymically used in the sense of جِمَاعٌ, (Mgh, Mṣb,) ‡ He compressed her; (Ṣ, MA, Mṣb, Ḳ;) namely, a woman; (MA, Ḳ;) as alsoتغشّاها↓. (MA, Mṣb, TA.)

And غَشِىَ إِلَيْهِ مَحْجَرًا He did to him (أَتَى إِلَيْهِ) a forbidden action. (TA in art. حجر.) [Hence,]غِشْيَانُ↓ المَحَارِمِ [The doing of forbidden things]. (Mgh and Mṣb and Ḳ in art. رهق.) And غَشِىَ الشَّىْءَ He occupied himself with the thing, engaged in it, or personally managed or conducted it; syn. لَابَسَهُ and بَاشَرَهُ. (JM.) [Andتغشّى↓ has a similar meaning; for it is said that] التَّغَشِّى and الغَشْىُ primarily signify الإِتْيَانُ and المُلَابَسَةُ: and they took an extended range in using the former, so that one said,تَغَشَّاهُمْ↓ بِالعَدْلِ or بِالْجَوْرِ [app. meaning He ruled them with equity or with injustice]. (Ḥam p. 27.) [And one says, يَغْشَى الحُرُوبَ (see Ḥam p. 27), meaning He plunges into wars, or battles: see مُغَامِسٌ, and its verb.]

One says also, غَشِيَهُ بِالسَّوْطِ, (Ḳ, in which it is said to be like رَضِيَهُ, and so accord. to some copies of the Ṣ, the phrase in these being غَشِيَتُ الرَّجُلَ بِالسَّوْطِ,) orغَشَّاهُ↓ بِهِ, (accord. to other copies of the Ṣ, the verb in these being written غَشَّيْتُ, and thus accord. to an explanation of قَنَّعَ رَأْسَهُ بِالسَّوْطِ in art. قنع in the Ḳ,) He struck him (i. e. a man, Ṣ) with the whip; he flogged him. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

غُشِىَ عَلَيْهِ, (Ṣ, MA, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. غَشْىٌ, (Ṣ, Mgh,* Ḳ,) or غُشْىٌ, (MA,) or both, (Mṣb,) and غَشَيَانٌ, (Ḳ, TA, and so in some copies of the Ṣ,) or غِشْيَانٌ, (so in other copies of the Ṣ,) andغَشْيَةٌ↓, (Ṣ, Mgh,) or this last is an inf. n. of un., (Mṣb,) or it is the subst., (Ḳ,) He swooned, i. e. became senseless: (MA, PṢ:) or i. q. أُغْمِىَ عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]: (Ḳ, TA:) or الغَشْىُ, or الغُشْىُ, is a state of inertness (تَعَطُّل, Mgh, Mṣb) of the motive and sensitive faculties, (Mgh,) or of the motive faculties and of the sensitive will, (Mṣb,) on account of the weakness of the heart, (Mgh, Mṣb,) and the soul's becoming drawn together thereto by a cause that suppresses it (يُخْفِيهِ) within so that it finds not a place of passage, and of the causes thereof is a strangling [or stifling], or hurtful, cold repletion, or vehement hunger, (Mgh,) or vehement pain, (Mgh, Mṣb,) or cold, or excessive hunger, (Mṣb,) or an evil affection in some associate, or participating, organ, such as the heart and the stomach: (Mgh:) some say that it is the same as الإِغْمَآءُ [for which see its proper art.]; (Mgh, Mṣb;) thus say the scholastic theologians: (Mgh:) others (the physicians and the lawyers, Mgh) make a difference between these two terms. (Mgh, Mṣb.)

غَشَّيْتُ الشَىْءَ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) inf. n. تَغْشِيَةٌ, (Ṣ,) I covered the thing; put a cover, or covering, upon it, or over it. (Ṣ, Mṣb.) One says, غَشَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَى بَصَرِهِ, inf. n. as above; andاغشى↓; (Ḳ, TA;) i. e. God put a covering upon, or over, his eyes. (TA.) And hence, (TA,) it is said in the Ḳur [xxxvi. 8], فَأَغْشَيْنَاهُمْ↓ فَهُمْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ And we have put a covering over them [so that they shall not see]. (Ṣ, TA.)

[See a usage of the inf. n. voce شِينٌ.]

غشّاهُ said of light; see 1, former half.

See also 4.

غشّاهُ بِالسَّوْطِ: see 1, latter half.

One says also, غَشَّيْتُهُ سَيْفًا, or سَوْطًا, [in my original غشيته, without any syll. sign, but app. as I have written, for I do not find any instance of غَشِىَ as doubly trans., meaning I equipped him with a sword, or a whip,] like the saying كَسَوْتُهُ سَيْفًا, or عَمَّمْتُهُ. (TA.)

اغشاهُ إِيَّاهُ andغشّاهُ↓ He made it to cover it; or to be a cover, or covering, upon it, or over it. (MA,* TḲ, and Bḍ * and Jel * in vii. 52, &c.)

And [hence,] both signify He made it, i. e. an event (أَمْر), to come upon, [or invade, so as to surprise, or so as to overwhelm, properly meaning] as a thing that covered, him, or it. (Ḳ,* TA,) Both of these verbs are used in this sense in the Ḳur-án accord. to different readings in vii. 52 and xiii. 3, and likewise (as mentioned in the first paragraph of this art., q. v.,) in viii. 11. (TA.)

Also, the former, He made him, or it, to come to him. (Ṣ, MA, TA.)

See also 2, in two places.

[Hence,] اغشى اللَّيْلُ: see 1, former half.

استغشى ثَوْبَهُ, (T, Ḳ, [agreeably with phrases in the Ḳur xi. 6 and lxxi. 6,]) and (Ḳ) بِثَوْبِهِ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) andتغشّى↓ بِهِ, (Ṣ,) [see an ex. of the latter verb in a verse of El-Khansà cited in the first paragraph {1} of art. رعى, where it is trans. without a preposition,] He covered himself with his garment (Ṣ, Ḳ) in order that he might not see nor hear: (Ḳ: [in the CK, يُسْمَعَ and يُرَى are put for يَسْمَعَ and يَرَى:]) accord. to Er-Rághib, اِسْتَغْشَوْا ثِيَابَهُمْ means they put their garments as a covering over their ears; and is a phrase denoting the refusing to hearken; or, as some say, an allusion to running, like the phrase شَمَّرَ ذَيْلًا, and أَلْقَى ثَوْبَهُ. (TA.)

غَشًا The whiteness of the head [or face], of a horse and of other animals, denoted by the epithet أَغْشَى [q. v.]. (Ṣ.)

غَشْوٌ The نَبِق [generally meaning the fruit of the lote-tree called سِدْر; but sometimes the tree thus called itself]: (Ḳ:) accord to the M, [the n. un.] غَشْوَةٌ signifies a سِدْرَة. (TA.)

غَشْيَةٌ an inf. n. of the verb in the phrase غُشِىَ عَلَيْهِ, (Ṣ, Mgh,) or the subst, thereof, (Ḳ,) or the inf. n. un. thereof [signifying A swoon]. (Mṣb.) See 1, last sentence.

غَشْيَةُ المَوْتِ is The clouding (lit. covering) of the understanding that befalls a man on the occasion of death. (TA.)

And غَشْيَةُ حُمَّى signifies A touch, or slight attack, of fever. (TA.)

غِشَآءٌ A cover, or covering; syn. غِطَآءٌ: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) or it differs from the غِطَآء in being of clothing or the like: (TA in art. غطو) and غِشَاوَةٌ [q. v.] signifies the same: (Mṣb;) [the pl. of the former is أَغْشِيَةٌ and أَغْشَآءٌ; the former regular; and the latter, (which occurs in this art. in the TA in an explanation of غَوَاشٍ, pl. of غَاشِيَةٌ.) like آدَامٌ as pl. of إِدَامٌ.] The غِشَآء of the heart is The cover, or covering, thereof; (Ḳ, TA;) the قَمِيص thereof, likewise mentioned in the Ḳ as being called the غَاشِيَة↓; a covering of skin, [i. e. the pericardium,] the removal of which therefrom causes death; and also called theغِشَاوَة↓, this being expl. as meaning the skin of the heart: (TA:) and so of the horse's saddle; (Ḳ, TA;) which is a covering of skin or other material: (TA:) [see also غَاشِيَةٌ:] and so of the sword; (Ḳ, TA.) which is its غِلَاف [a term applied to its scabbard, and also to a case, or covering, enclosing the scabbard, or enclosing the scabbard with its appertenances] (TA;) and so of other things. (Ḳ.)

غِشَاوَةٌ (Ṣ, ISd, Ḳ) and غَشَاوَةٌ and غُشَاوَةٌ (ISd, Ḳ) andغَشْوَةٌ↓ and غِشْوَةٌ and غُشْوَةٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andغَاشِيَةٌ↓ andغُشْيَةٌ↓ andغُشَايَةٌ↓ and غِشَايَةٌ (Ḳ) signify A covering upon the eyes (Ṣ, Ḳ) and upon the heart: (Ḳ:) you say, عَلَى بَصَرِهِ غِشَاوَةٌ, &c. [Upon his eyes is a covering, or film, app. used only in a tropical sense], (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and عَلَى قَلْبِهِ [upon his heart], (Ḳ:) thus the first of these words signifies. in relation to the eyes, in the Ḳur [ii. 6 and] xlv. 22, in relation to the heart, Az says that it is a [sort of] covering of rust (مِنْ طَبَعٍ [also termed رَيْن]). (TA.) See also غِشَآءٌ, in two places.

غَاشِيَةٌ: see غِشَآءٌ and غَوَاشٍ غِشَاوَةٌ is its pl. (TA:) occurring in the Ḳur vii. 39, meaning أَغْمَآءٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) i. e. أَغْشَآءٌ [or Coverings, a pl. of غِشَآءٌ]. (TA.)

It is also [The covering, like غِشَآءٌ, q. v.], of the horse's saddle. (Ṣ.)

And (Ṣ,) of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل, (Ḳ,) it is The iron that is above the مُؤَخَّرَة or [hinder part], (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) also called the دَامِغَة [q. v.]. (Az TA.)

Also The skin with which the جَفْن [or scabbard] of a sword is covered, from the lower part of its شَارِب [q. v.] to its نَعْل [or shoe of iron, or silver, at the lower end of the scabbard]: or the covering that is put upon the hilt, consisting of [the skins called] أَسْفَان [pl. of سَفَنٌ, q. v.]: (Ḳ. [for أَسْفَان, which is the reading in the M, some copies of the Ḳ have أَسْفَار:]) or the first part, of the sword, of what is next to thee [when holding the hilt]: and sometimes it signifies its غِمْد [or scabbard], also. (Ḥam p. 22.)

الغَاشِيَةُ (in the Ḳur lxxxviii. I, TA) means The resurrection; (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) because it will overwhelm (تَغْشَى↓) with its terrors; (Ṣ, TA;) or because it will come upon mankind as a thing covering them, (تَغْشَى↓ الخَلْقَ,) so as to include them universally: (TA:) and, (Ḳ, TA,) some say, (TA,) the fire [of Hell]; (Ḳ, TA;) because it will cover, or overspread, (تَغْشَى↓,) the faces of the unbelievers. (TA.) [In like manner also,] غَاشِيَةٌ مِنَ العَذَابِ means Punishment that is general, or universal, in its extent. (TA.)

And غَاشِيَةٌ signifies also A calamity, or misfortune. (TA.)

And A certain disease that attacks in the جَوْف [i. e. belly, or chest]. (Aṣ, Ṣ, Ḳ.) One says, رَمَاهُ ٱللّٰهُ بِغَاشِيَةٍ [May God smite him, or afflict him, with a غَاشِيَة]. (Aṣ, Ṣ.)

Also Petitioners that come to one (Ḳ, TA) seeking, or demanding, or asking, gifts: (TA:) and visiters, and friends, that come to one time after time; (Ḳ, TA;) and that resort to one (TA:) a man's resorters; such as guests; and hangers-on, or seekers of favours; servants [or dependants]; and others. (Ḥar pp. 95 and 467.)

أَغْشَى, applied to a horse, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and to other than a horse, (Ṣ,) Whose whole head, as distinct from his body, is white; like أَرْخَمُ: (Ṣ:) or whose face is covered by whiteness: (Ḳ:) or having a blaze covering his face, and wide: (M, TA;) fem. غَشْوَآءُ, applied to a goat. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

مَغْشِىٌّ عَلَيْهِ Swooning; i. e. senseless; (MA, PṢ;) having the affection denoted by the phrase غُشِىَ عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]. (Ṣ, MA, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ.)